badri shahtalebi

The present study aims to identify an appropriate model for implementing the educational voucher scheme in Iraq’s education system and is classified as an applied-developmental and mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) research. The statistical population included university professors, directors of education departments, and school administrators in Iraq. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews, while quantitative data were gathered using validated questionnaires. The qualitative findings indicate the presence of structural, economic, legal, cultural, and social challenges as barriers to the implementation of the scheme, while internal and external factors act as facilitators. Moreover, the feasibility assessment of the implementation reveals the necessity of stable economic conditions, socio-cultural homogeneity, and the presence of strong political will. The final implementation model was examined using structural equation modeling (SEM), and content validation was conducted through CVR and CVI indices. The results show a significant relationship between various factors and the components of the implementation model. Based on the findings, the implementation of the educational voucher scheme in Iraq requires the collaboration of all stakeholders, allocation of sufficient budget, and the establishment of appropriate legal and managerial infrastructures. This scheme could pave the way for improving the quality of education and reducing educational inequalities in the country.

The present study aimed to propose an organizational well-being model for Islamic Azad University. 

This study followed a qualitative research approach with a content analysis method. The research setting included primary sources, reputable scientific databases in the field of well-being studies, and international articles indexed between 2000 and 2024, as well as national articles indexed between 2019 and 2024. The research instrument consisted of interviews with faculty members, and the sampling method was purposive criterion-based sampling. The instrument used for data collection was a semi-structured in-depth interview. After categorizing the initial 128 questions, their content validity was assessed using both qualitative (expert opinions of 10 specialists) and quantitative methods (examining the agreement level of each question using the Content Validity Ratio [CVR]). Questions with low validity were removed. Using Holsti’s coefficient, the questionnaire's reliability was estimated at 90%.

Data analysis using content analysis with an inductive approach revealed that the variables of organizational balance with four components, communication with two components, individual well-being with two components, leadership well-being with three components, organizational structure well-being with four components, environmental well-being with two components, organizational dynamism with five components, self-care with two components, organizational branding with four components, and meaning-making with three components constitute the organizational well-being factors. 

Considering the critical role of well-being in advancing the educational goals of universities, guiding competent individuals toward the labor market and society, and the significance of human life quality in the modern era, the proposed criteria in the suggested model can serve as one of the pathways to improving the condition of our universities.

This study aimed to examine the factors influencing professional decision-making in educational leadership in elementary schools in Iraq. 

The research method was applied in terms of purpose and quantitative-descriptive-survey in terms of approach. The statistical population included all principals of elementary schools in the cities of Ayalah and Baghdad. The sampling method was random, and using Cochran's sample size formula, the sample size was determined to be 437 participants. The research instrument was a researcher-developed questionnaire. To ensure validity, expert opinions were utilized, and the reliability coefficient was calculated using Cronbach's alpha, yielding a value of 0.96. Data analysis was performed using factor analysis and structural equation modeling. 

Overall, the results indicated that the factors influencing professional decision-making in educational leadership in elementary schools in Iraq consisted of eleven components: awareness, intuition, technological proficiency, facilitation, activism, strategic approach, fairness, rationality, dynamism, constraints, and progressivism. 

The study highlights eleven critical factors influencing professional decision-making in educational leadership, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies to enhance decision-making effectiveness in elementary schools in Iraq.

The purpose of this research is to present an interpretive structural model of employee behavioral competence through a workplace information and knowledge framework. The research was conducted using both exploratory and survey methods. This research is applied in purpose and exploratory in nature. The participants consisted of 14 experts from the Ministry of Islamic Guidance in Iraq, specifically from Baghdad, Diyala, and Karbala. They were selected using purposive judgment sampling. The structural interaction analysis method and MICMAC software were utilized for data processing. The findings from the structural analysis encompassed several key areas: environmental analysis, management challenges, employee behavioral competency analysis, organizational culture assessment, legal and policy applications, competency determination, dimensions of leadership competency, the development of an employee behavioral competency model, interpersonal skills, communication skills, analytical skills, leadership skills, establishment of behavioral criteria, model evaluation and development, implementation and monitoring, intra-organizational success, key competencies, extra-organizational success, and employee behavioral competency through an information and knowledge approach to the workplace. In this approach, workplace information—including operational data, information processes, and decision-making systems—plays a crucial role in enhancing employees' behavioral skills for managing complex situations and adapting to dynamic changes in the workplace. Applying this structural model facilitates the development of skills and behaviors that align with the strategic needs of the organization, thereby enhancing employee flexibility and dynamism.

The aim of this research was to present an optimization model for a human resource management audit based on a genetic algorithm. This study is exploratory in nature due to the presentation of the model, and because its results are utilized by users, it is also considered practical. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was employed as a meta-heuristic method to solve nine simulation problems. The results obtained from this method were then compared with those from the epsilon constraint method. The relationship between the results indicates that the NSGA-II algorithm is capable of reaching optimal solutions in a shorter time compared to the epsilon method, although it has specific limitations when applied to large-scale problems. The results of solving the proposed mathematical model were demonstrated through nine simulations using the desired algorithms, which were implemented in GAMS and MATLAB software. The model considered in this research is a bi-objective model aimed at minimizing inter-cell movements and human resource management audit actions (cell formation), while maximizing the relationships among management audit operators, taking into account network considerations and the efficiency of operators in human resource allocation. This model not only enhances the efficiency of human resource management but also offers the flexibility to adapt to various organizational challenges by providing a new and effective approach. Therefore, the application of this optimization model can significantly improve performance and efficiency in human resource management, contributing to development and progress within the organizational environment.

The overall objective of this study was to validate the primary e-learning model in Iraq.

This study was conducted using a descriptive survey method. The statistical population included all primary school teachers and administrators in Iraq, of whom 381 were selected through a quota sampling method to participate in the study. The research tool was the e-learning model questionnaire with 152 items on a five-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

The e-learning model included 15 main categories and 31 subcategories, all of which had a favorable fit. Key factors included moving towards change in educational services, changing needs of the target community, and the digitalization of the world were identified as causal conditions. Also, changes in the nature of knowledge, social justice discourse, and unpredictability were identified as intervening factors, and infrastructure and support systems were identified as contextual factors. System development strategies and learning space management were also introduced as effective strategies. Individual, organizational, and social outcomes were the results of implementing e-learning.

The research findings showed that the e-learning model for primary education in Iraq has good validity and fit. This model can be used as an effective framework for improving the education process in the Iraqi education system and has significant positive effects on individual, organizational, and social performance. Improving infrastructure, increasing digital literacy, and adapting to technological changes are essential for the successful implementation of e-learning.

The present study aimed to identify the lived experiences of social studies teachers regarding personal and group factors influencing the social identity formation of secondary school students in Iraq, with the goal of proposing a model through both qualitative and quantitative phases. In the first phase, the study employed a qualitative research design based on the phenomenological approach using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. The research environment for the first phase consisted of social studies teachers, selected through criterion-based purposive sampling. The data collection instrument used in this phase was a semi-structured in-depth interview. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached, totaling 26 participants. Initial coding led to the identification of 42 primary conceptual codes for personal factors, categorized into subcategories of biological-demographic factors, attitudes, skills, knowledge, and agency, along with 30 primary conceptual codes for group factors, categorizedinto subcategories of school organization and peer groups.In the second phase of the study, to validate the conceptual model derived from the qualitative section, a descriptive research method of the correlational type was employed. The statistical population in this phase included all secondary school social studies teachers employed in Iraq’s public education system, totaling 1,200 individuals. Using Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970) table and convenience sampling, 290 participants were selected for the study. The instrument used in this phase was a researcher-developed questionnaire based on the qualitative findings, consisting of 69 items on a five-point Likert scale. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts, while face validity was assessed by a group of respondents. Its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, yielding a score of 0.990.The validation of the proposed model and data analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM) in Amos and SPSS software indicated that the model of personal and group factors influencing the social identity formation of secondary school students demonstrated a good fit.

The post-modern era and its tremendous changes at any time and any place; created certainrequirementsfor organizations; mana Permanence and damping of the organization has dependedon it. Ithisorganizational Competition, what ensures survival and increases resilience is thelinkbetweenexploration and exploitation, which is interpreted as Ambidextrity in organizational literature.The new ecosystem of educational management is rapidly evolving;. In such a situation,successfuleducational organizations integrate the best they have with the best of the future inorder to be different from the status quo and with an eye on the unique innovative opportunities of the future. In thisregard, the key to achieving this success for the educational organization is the proper balance between exploitation and exploration as the main necessity in the changing environment with rapid technological changes. Thestatistical population of this research was made up of all the principals of primary andsecondary schoolsof the whole country in the provinces of Isfahan, Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Kermanshahand Fars Out of this number, 372 people were selected to participate in the research byproportional samplingmethod. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 216items on a fivepoint Likert scale, whose content validity was confirmed by a number of subject expertsand its facevalidity was confirmed by a number of respondents. The reliability of the tool was alsoestimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.97. In order to analyze the data, the covariance-oriented structural equation modeling approach was used. The results of the research showedthat the research model undercalculated components including the development of the competitiveenvironment, the development of the concept of growth, the lack of motivation in the field ofinnovation, inflexible structure, the lack ofindependent access to resources, the presence of leadersaschange strategists, globalization andorganizational vision, increasing individual and organizationalbandwidth, the development oforganizational forgetfulness, the development of culture Basedon awareness, marketing development,organizational survival, satisfaction level improvement andsustainable developmentth has agood fit.

The purpose of this study was to identify the strategies and outcomes of the e-learning model within the education ecosystem of Iraq's primary education sector. The research aimed to explore the essential strategies for effective e-learning implementation and assess the individual, organizational, and social outcomes of such educational approaches.

This research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative research based on grounded theory and quantitative descriptive-survey research. The study sample included administrators, teachers, and technology experts selected through purposive criterion-based sampling. In the quantitative phase, a sample of 381 primary school teachers and administrators in Iraq was selected. Data collection instruments included semi-structured interviews for the qualitative phase and a researcher-made questionnaire for the quantitative phase. AMOS23 software was used for confirmatory factor analysis to assess construct validity.

The findings revealed three main e-learning strategies: human development (including student preparation and teacher empowerment), systemic development (encompassing hardware and software development), and learning space management (comprising process management and physical reorganization). The quantitative analysis confirmed that all factor loadings for these categories were above 0.3, indicating robust model fit. The study also identified significant individual, organizational, and social outcomes of e-learning, such as enhanced teacher and student capabilities, improved classroom management, and positive environmental impacts.

The study concludes that e-learning strategies, particularly in human and systemic development and learning space management, are crucial for enhancing the quality of primary education in Iraq. Empowering teachers and students, developing robust hardware and software infrastructures, and effectively managing learning environments are essential.

One of the issues raised in the field of development is human development and empowerment, especially concerning women. Empowering women as one of the critical factors in achieving development is among the priorities of researchers in the development field and has become one of the key topics in both development and economics. Women play an essential role in the victories and revolutions. Still, despite their abilities, their capabilities at the scientific, cultural, social, political, management, and decision–making levels have not been explored. The reality is that Iranian society lacks a fundamental, comprehensive view and pattern regarding the promotion of women's rights and political status in today's society. Formulating basic, comprehensive patterns of attitude and principles is necessary to create favorable political and social conditions and promote women's rights and political positions. Therefore, the research was conducted to identify factors empowering women with a sustainable political development approach in Iran.

Current research, from a paradigmatic perspective, is explanatory. The research was carried out qualitatively. The study was based on the data collection method, the research methodology used, and the analysis of the subjects, which was carried out based on the views of Ethereum Sterling and Brian Clarke in six steps. Participants were selected from topical (educational and experienced) reporters, academics, and women's sector activists in a targeted manner. The data collection continued through a semi–structured interview with 8 topical experts and 11 academics from the university until the theoretical saturation of the 19th interview. The interviews typically lasted between 40 and 120 minutes and consisted of eight general and subsequent questions. The holistic metric was used to calculate the quantitative data using the Guba and Lincoln method and to measure the finality of coding. In data analysis, based on the thematic analysis method, these steps were followed: a detailed study of the interview texts, extraction of basic codes, analysis of basic themes, drawing a network of themes, analysis of the network, and preparation of the final report extracted from the analysis.

Based on the analysis method, we carried out a thorough study of the interview text, extracted the basic themes, analyzed and networked them, and finally reported them. The analysis of information resulted in the extraction of 144 basic codes, 35 subthemes, and 13 broad themes. So, the factors that empowered women in the approach to sustainable political development in Iran were identified. These extracted factors include empowerment through cultural reforms, empowerment through social reforms, empowerment through political reform, empowerment through business reforms and regulations, balance between maternal and social roles, female psychological empathy, the emergence of a balanced and coherent society, empowerment through education, economic empowerment, enhancement of women's social dignity, physical and spiritual empowerment of women, and empowerment based on religious teachings.

Results showed that formal and informal education reform is essential to empowering women. Furthermore, it is necessary to make religious teachings more equal for men and women and to balance cultural reforms and the political environment. The results of this research can be used as a basis for formulating effective development and policy plans for women's empowerment and play an essential role in evaluating the impact of public policies and programs on women's empowerment.

The aim of this study was to analyze the content of Thinking and Media Literacy book in High School Based on Instruction in critical evaluation of messages. The research method was content analysis. The research sample was the content (text, images, class discussion) of the 11th grade thinking and media literacy textbook, which was purposefully selected. The tool was a researcher-made checklist. The data were analyzed and reported at the level of quantitative description as well as the Shannon entropy technique. The results showed that the components of critical evaluation of messages were paid 51 times. And sensitivity to the backgrounds and backgrounds of the messages 8 frequency, considering the main text of the message and the arguments in it 3 frequency, recognizing different forms of the message including true / false, legal / illegal, valid / obsolete, good / offensive and harmful 14 frequency, The ability to combine different information and arrive at a wise interpretation of frequency 1 is the ability to infer the quality and destination of message frequency 7. According to the available frequencies, the importance coefficient of each component is 0.2004, 0.1997, 0.0593, 0.1828, 0.0219, 0.2739, 0.0593, 0.0027 respectively.

This research was carried out with the aim of presenting an efficient school model for education in the form of qualitative research tradition of the foundation's data utilization. The tool used in this research is a semi-structured in-depth interview and research participants include experts active in the field of education (including university professors, teachers, school principals, educational leaders and experts) and a non-probability sampling method. It was an opinion. After conducting an exploratory interview with the experts, the collected data were analyzed using the foundation data method based on the Strauss and Corbin model in three stages of open, central and selective coding. The findings of the research showed that the conceptual model of the formation of an efficient school in terms of causal conditions includes the dimensions of changing the sphere of current education, the school as a community, the development of educational discourses, and the development of heterogeneity. In terms of background conditions, including dimensions of the school's problematic nature and the growth of transformational tendencies, in terms of intervening conditions, including dimensions of critical rethinking in education and fundamentalism of education, in terms of strategies, including 4 strategies for facilitating the flow of education, institutionalizing an open system, Educational meaning creation and environmental rearrangement and finally, in terms of consequences, it has 3 personal, social and organizational consequences.

The knowledge model of human resources accounting in the Ministry of Education with the information valuation approach is a management framework that focuses on identifying, measuring, and reporting the value of human resources, especially the information and knowledge of employees. This research was conducted with the aim of designing the human resources accounting model with the foundation data approach in the Iraqi Ministry of Education. This research was conducted with a qualitative-inductive approach and the Strauss-Corbin grounded theory method. The research tool (data collection) was a semi-structured interview. This research, using the grounded theory method, analyzed the data obtained from interviews conducted with 17 elites and experts in the field of human and financial resources in the country's defense organizations during three stages of open, central coding, and selective analysis. 23 general categories form a paradigm model where these factors include causal conditions (new transformations in value theory; analysis of intra-system challenges of human resource accounting; deficiencies of information systems in the field of human resource management accounting, extra-systemic challenges), central phenomenon (model) human resource accounting), underlying conditions (needs of the organization and management; surrounding environment; technical and technological conditions; internal state of education), intervening conditions (organizational limitations; lack of costing and valuation; cognitive challenges; information), strategies (resources) Human transformation; integration of information; development of an executive plan; long-term; short-term audit; reduction of related costs; improvement of human resources planning.

Sexual education is an attempt to socialize sex and regulate sexual patterns and behaviours. This research has been done to provide a sex education curriculum model and its validation using a combined approach and exploratory-sequential strategy. The method used in the qualitative part of the research was grounded theory and in the quantitative part, it was survey. The subjects studied in both the qualitative and quantitative parts of the research were health educators of secondary schools in Isfahan City. The technique of data collection was in-depth interviews in the qualitative part and questionnaires in the quantitative part. To analyze the data, the coding technique was used in the qualitative stage and the variance-oriented structural equation modeling approach was used in the quantitative stage. The research findings in the qualitative part of the research showed that the model of the sex education program includes eight main categories, including "realizing the understanding of sex", "removing the discourse limitation", "pluralism of resources", "educational realism", "rebuilding the family system". , "educational system reconstruction", "institutional interactionism" and "cultural alignment". The results of the quantitative part of the research also indicate the validity and reliability of the model presented in the qualitative phase of the research.

Organizational skills have always been a central issue for organizations, but in recent decades, various developments that have led to the formation of the information paradigm at the global level have changed the type and nature of these skills in organizations. Now organizations need employees who have new organizational skills and can adapt themselves to the new situation. In this regard, the current research sought to present a model of new organizational skills of employees of Islamic Azad University with an emphasis on information-oriented dimensions. The research method was qualitative with thematic analysis approach. The data of the present research are all scientific articles in Farsi and English related to organizational skills that were published in reliable databases between 2007 and 2022 (for English articles) and 1389 and 1401 (for Persian articles(The method of purposive sampling was criterion-based, based on which, 45 articles (21 Persian articles and 24 English articles) were selected and reviewed. It was used to measure content validity using the relative coefficient of content validity (CVR). . The items whose CVR index value was less than 0.6 were removed and finally, 45 items were confirmed out of the initial 54 items. The findings of the research indicated that the new organizational skills related to information-oriented employees of Islamic Azad University are: information knowledge management (with organizing themes of information mentality, knowledge-oriented learning, creative innovation), environmental scanning. (with organizing themes of environmental awareness, environmental tracking, organizational vision, time management) and professional intelligence (with organizing themes of moral intelligence, cultural intelligence, social intelligence, strategic intelligence). These themes are closely related to each other.

The purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and components of the organizational welfare model for higher education in order to improve the performance of the current situation. In terms of methodology, the current research was conducted using the qualitative method and using thematic analysis with MAXQDA software. The participants of this research, in the library section, were upstream documents and key documents of higher education, and in the field section, faculty members, managers and relevant officials. People were selected by targeted sampling with the criteria of at least fifteen years of teaching, research and management experience in different academic courses. Sampling was done with the participation of 30 experts. The data collection tool consisted of two sections, review and exploration of upstream documents and higher education documents in the library section and semi-structured interview in the field section. The semi-structured interview with the participants continued until the theoretical saturation stage. Data analysis was done based on thematic analysis. The research findings showed that the organizational well-being model for higher education includes 32 components and 5dimensions (individual well-being, occupational well-being, managerial well-being, process well-being, environmental well-being). In addition, the participants mostly mentioned the dimensions of individual well-being and occupational well-being, but in the upstream documents, the dimensions of managerial well-being, well-being of processes, and environmental well-being were discussed more. With a systematic look at the current research, we can see that the concept of organizational well-being has an important and effective role in improving the work process, and individual differences, occupational characteristics and organizational ethics variables, etc are antecedents of well-being. Therefore, the design of the organizational welfare model in higher education issues is needed to achieve a coherent and structured model.

The aim of this study was to present an organizational socialization model for public school's teachers in Iran by the use of qualitative research method and Sterling thematic analysis .The scope of the research was all foreign articles in the years 2000 to 2022 and domestic articles in the studied area in the years 1389 to 1399. Of these, 56 articles were selected,analized and coded. After the data saturation, their analysis was done with the inductive method of thematic analysis through coding and categorization by the validation method of "using independent coders".Based on the research findings , the themes obtained in this research include 5 organizational themes (organizational adaptability, proactivity, organizational acculturation, future envisioning, and organizational procedures) and basic themes include 14 themes (Organizational adaptability included three basic themes, which include professional skills training, organizational change management training, and organizational conflict management training. Active activism included three basic themes, which include job responsibility, job identification, and entanglement. Organizational acculturation included four basic themes, which included value orientation, normativeness, moralism, and assimilation. They are. Future visualization included two basic themes, which include future monitoring and job scenario planning. Organizational procedure included two basic themes, which include talent cultivation and transparency) and 127 initial propositions have been obtained, which are placed around the main theme of the research (organizational socialization) and have formed the thematic network of organizational socialization. The results of the research showed that organizational adaptability, proactivity, organizational acculturation, envisioning, and organizational procedures are among the main components of organizational socialization. Therefore, it is suggested that the main components in the work process of teachers should be taken into consideration in the education system, while setting the stage for their greater adaptation to their respective organizations.

The present study aimed to Identifying and Validating Pathology of Elementary Teacher Appointment in Education.

To this end, the study included both qualitative (phenomenology) and quantitative (survey) phases. The participants in the qualitative part consisted of work force recruitment experts of the education ministry selected via purposive sampling. The data in this stage reached theoretical saturation after 22 interviews. The statistical population in the quantitative section was the teachers working in education in Isfahan province, and the sample size was determined using the table of Krejci and Morgan (1970), The number of 384 people was determined and selected by available sampling method. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The interviews were recorded and implemented and analyzed based on the 7-step method of Colaizzi. The credibility of the findings of the qualitative section was confirmed by returning to the participants and the reliability was confirmed by retesting.

To validate the findings of the qualitative section, a questionnaire with 29 items was prepared in the quantitative section. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the findings. The results of the research led to the identification of 29 injuries in the form of 7 conceptual units.

The educational system will be successful in solving the problems of appointing teachers when it can solve a significant part of the lack of attention to research and welfare and livelihood activities.

The present study was conducted to analyze the experiences of health educators from sex education in schools, using a qualitative research approach and data-based theory method (systematic approach). The participants were 30 health educators from the lower secondary schools in Isfahan, Iran. The purposeful-theoretical sampling method and data collection technique was semi-structured in-depth interview. Data analysis was done using three open, central and selective coding methods. The findings of the research showed that the teachers' experiences of sex education in schools around many main categories and the form of components of the paradigm model, including causal conditions (family ecosystem, social ecosystem and educational ecosystem), intervening conditions (virtualization of sexual understanding and discourse limitations), background conditions (educational unreality and variability of resources), strategies (reconstruction of the family system, reconstruction of the educational system, institutional interactionism and cultural alignment) and consequences (individual and social consequences) and a core or core category under the title of inclusive sex education are tied.

The main goal of the current research was to examine the qualitative pathology of the middle school thinking and media literacy course in the implementation stage. The research was carried out by the phenomenological method with the participation of 18 individuals. The findings showed that executive damages include inconsistent content (failure of students in determining the accuracy of information, failure to lead students toward reflection and critical understanding of information, inability to meet students' information needs, failure of students to promote responsibility of choice and the use of messages, the problems of students in recognizing visual forms of communication), the weakness of school activists (weak media literacy of principals, assistants and teachers), uninformed and non-accompanied parents (lack of attention to parents' education and their role in supporting media literacy education, parents' ignorance In reasonable exposure to the media and the media literacy lesson), ignoring the hardware (not considering the appropriate space and location, lack of necessary facilities to produce multimedia content, lack of support forces to repair, maintain and update the classroom hardware).

In addition to being considered as a platform for exercising power in society, daily life also provides potential for liberating action and creativity and independence of the subject. Family is one of the most important areas of daily life in which women are the main players. Due to the fact that this field is not free of power relations, like other fields of applying power strategies, it also contains some resistances. The current research analyzes the soft resistance of women against the patriarchal structure. In this article, an attempt was made to examine women's lives in the context of a patriarchal society and analyze some important factors in stabilizing or changing their status, especially in the family.

Methods and Materials: 

The present research method was descriptive-correlation type. The statistical community in the qualitative section consists of scientific and executive experts and experts, in the fields of sociology and political science, who have authored articles on development, political development, and women's empowerment in various fields of development. (Emphasizing that Female experts must be used) and the purposeful sampling method was used in the qualitative section.

The results of the research showed that gender socialization with a frequency of 377 has the greatest impact on the analysis of women's soft resistance against the patriarchal structure and the sacred component of the concept of women with a frequency of 69 has the least impact. Among the sub-components, the biggest sub-component of the country's inability to use the potential of women with the number of 57 has the greatest effect on the increase of women's soft resistance against the patriarchal structure.

The findings of the research indicate that Gender socialization plays a significant role in the creation and continuation of harms caused to women in the society and can face the right path with fundamental challenges. The results of this study can be effective in identifying and reducing the harms

AbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a paradigmatic model of organizational duality in Iran's government education system using a qualitative method. The participants of the research were specialists and experts of the educational system and educational management in the country. Based on the method of targeted sampling and theoretical sampling (in order to achieve theoretical saturation) and with the semi-structured interview technique, interviews were conducted with 17 experts in the field of education and educational management in the country. The findings of the research indicated that the development of the competitive environment and the development of the concept of growth are considered as causal factors that affect the organizational dualism in the government education system of Iran and in other words justify the necessity of duality.The existence of leaders as change strategists, lack of motivation in the field of innovation, lack of independent access to resources and inflexible structure were identified as contextual factors. Also, factors such as globalization and organizational vision have an impact on the strategies of realizing the two pillars, which include increasing individual and organizational bandwidth, developing organizational forgetfulness, and developing marketing and audience attraction. In case of organizational ambivalence in the educational system, we can see consequences such as organizational survival, improvement of satisfaction level and sustainable development..

The current study aims to look into the merits and demerits of elementary teacher recruitment process in Iranian Education. To achieve this purpose, phenomenology approach was utilized. The population included all formally employed teachers as well as elementary education experts. The sample of study entailed 22 persons selected via purposive sampling method (considering the saturation point). They were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. The interviews were first recorded and transcribed and then analyzed based on the seven-stage Colaizzi method. The study finally led to identification of 65 drawbacks within 15 conceptual units in force-finding, selection, and appointment dimensions. The most important drawbacks in each of these dimensions were: Lack of comprehension of job nature, occupational qualification weakness, non-technical procedures, weakness in information giving, weakness in teachers’ social rank, , technical and skill weaknesses, selective weaknesses, psychological contrasts, inattention to research activities, inattention to welfare and livelihood facilities, weakness in employing modern technologies, Weakness in pinpointing policies, weakness in teachers’ organization, weakness in motivational factors, weakness in maintaining teachers, weakness in assessment and feedback. Finally, remedial strategies were suggested based on the related literature and Iranian realities one of which was changing the rules and policies regarding workforce recruitment.

Considering the importance of fundamental transformation and national curriculum documents in education programs, the present research was conducted with the aim of developing a value-based leadership pattern based on the fundamental transformation document and national curriculum document in Iranian education.

This study was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The research population was two documents of fundamental transformation and national curriculum in Iranian education that all sentences and paragraphs were selected as a sample by census sampling method. To collect the data were used from complete review of both mentioned documents and the recording of sentences and paragraphs related to value-based leadership, which content validity was confirmed by 15 experts and specialists and their reliability was obtained through an agreement coefficient between the two coders 0.77. Data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method.

The findings showed that the fundamental transformation document had 227 indicators in two categories of processes and missions; so that the category of processes included two sub-categories of structural leadership processes (with three concepts of organizational-centered strategies, family-centered strategies and school-centered strategies) and content leadership processes (with a one concept of education-centered strategies) and the category of missions included four subcategories of missions about teachers, students and educators, educational spaces, value-educational areas and areas of Islamic-Iranian culture and civilization. Other findings showed that the national curriculum document had 322 indicators in four categories of principles, strategies, elements and indicators; So that the category of principles included three subcategories of values ​​governing on the evaluation of academic and educational achievement, values ​​governing on the choice of teaching and learning strategies and values ​​ governing on the academic and educational curricula, the category of strategies included two subcategories of strategies for production and implementation of programs and central strategy of monotheistic naturalism, the category of elements included five subcategories of reason, faith, science, practice and ethics and the category of indicators included six subcategories of religious and national ​​ values of generation education, moral values ​​of generation education, value programs of generation education, goal setting pattern in generation education, general objectives of academic and educational programs in value generation education and achieving the academic and educational curriculum goals in educating the value generation education. Finally, the value-based leadership pattern based on the both documents of fundamental transformation and national curriculum was painted.

According to the two patterns of value-based leadership according to the documents of fundamental transformation and national curriculum, the education specialists and planners can use them which for it are necessary to improve the categories and subcategories.

Job isolation affects the quality of work-life of school principals. Given the vital role of the principals in the success of the schools and, consequently, the success of the community, this issue is of particular importance. Current qualitative research is done to develop a model to prevent job isolation of school principals in Iran based on Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory and systematic approach. The research participants were school principals of three educational levels in Iran. A total of 18 school principals were selected by theoretical purposeful sampling method. In-depth semi-structured interviews continued data collection until theoretical saturation. Content analysis based on the continuous comparison method of Strauss and Corbin was used to analyze the interview texts. The results of data analysis during three stages of open, axial, and selective coding were 13 core categories, 34 subcategories, and 133 concepts analyzed within the framework of the paradigm model and in the form of causal conditions (Occupational causes and Managerial causes), contextual conditions (Extra-school Causes, Inter-school Causes, and Human causes), intervening conditions (Demographic causes and the atmosphere of society), strategies (Existence of spiritual assets in the organization, Creating a supportive umbrella, Managerial style, and Modifying the strategic structure of education), and consequences (Micro consequences and Macro consequences). The Lincoln and Guba (1985) approach was used to validate the data, including creditability, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. According to this study’s findings, the Education System should initiates programs for principals to help them prevent their job isolation.