batool sabzeh

The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of theatrical activities, poetry recitation, and storytelling in learning fractional concepts in the mathematics curriculum for fourth-grade elementary students. The present study is applied research with a quasi-experimental design involving three experimental groups and one control group, using a pretest-posttest approach. The statistical population includes all fourth-grade male students in Karaj during the academic year 1402-1403 (2023-2024). Using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 2 out of 4 districts in Karaj were selected, and 2 schools were chosen from each district. One class was randomly selected from the fourth-grade classes in each school, resulting in a total sample size of 120 students, who were then assigned to four groups (three experimental groups and one control group). . The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way ANCOVA). The effectiveness of the interventions on the research components was compared using the LSD post-hoc test, with the analysis conducted using SPSS-26 software. Results The results showed that the mean posttest scores were increased compared to the pretest scores in the drama activities, poetry recitation, and storytelling groups. Furthermore, the mean posttest scores on the fraction concept were significantly higher in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Therefore, the main research hypothesis was confirmed. The results of the post-hoc test revealed that the drama activity had a greater effect compared to the poetry recitation and storytelling activities.

The abstract is one of the most important parts of a paper. The abstract must be presented on a separate page and contain at least 500 words. The abstract must not contain any reference or abbreviation. It must be well-organized and has the following parts: Background and Objective, Materials and Methods, Findings, and Conclusion. Background and Objective should briefly include the background about the researched topic. It is a simple way of stating the problem investigated. Objective should address the significance and goals of the study. Goals must be clearly expressed and let the readers understand why the study has been carried out.

Materials and Method include Participants, Instrument(s), Material(s), Procedure, and Data analysis. It concerns general information about the sample and population, research instruments used to gather data, the materials, timing and type of the intervention, and data analysis techniques.

In this section the results of data analysis are explained. Related statistical tests and confidence intervals must be introduced and reported comprehensively and in detail.

It is not the repetition of the findings. It should convey the final conclusion of the study which accompanies authors’ suggestions and the discussion regarding the application of the results in their special field. Limitations and obstacles faced during the study should be mentioned in the conclusion section as well.

The aim of the current research is to the effect of applying the Reggio Emilia approach on the learning of experimental sciences in the third grade of elementary school. This research was conducted as a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research was formed by the third-grade students of Andimeshk City. Among them, the third-grade students of Modares boys' primary school were selected and randomly 50 of them were replaced in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was inspired by the Reggio Emilia approach and the control group was trained with the usual method for 15 sessions. Data collection was done with the researcher-made test of the science lesson and functional checklist. Teachers and professors confirmed the validity of the tool and its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha test of 0.865. The results of the multivariate covariance analysis showed that the Reggio Emilia approach increased the learning rate of third-grade elementary students in the science course in all three levels of facts, basic concepts, and skills. the use of learning in new situations and the whole has significantly increased. This study showed that by using the Reggio Emilia approach as an exploratory, formative, and constructivist approach, students' learning can increase in all three levels of learning and applying what they have learned in new situations).Therefore, it is suggested to use and check the effectiveness of this approach for other courses and educational levels of the elementary school.

The present study aimed to conduct a needs assessment of extracurricular and leisure activities for students in multi-grade elementary schools in Khalkhal County

This research, in terms of purpose, is applied and belongs to the category of needs assessment studies, which was conducted using a mixed method. The participants in the research included teachers and school principals, female and male students, parents, experts, and activists in the field of extracurricular and leisure activities, who were purposefully selected from multi-grade rural schools in Khalkhāl County and interviewed until saturation was reached. To examine the content validity quantitatively, the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and the Content Validity Index (CVI) were used. Data analysis was performed using the thematic analysis method and open, axial, and selective coding, and needs prioritization was done using the Delphi technique.

The research findings indicated that the needs assessment in the field of extracurricular activities included 17 components, with the highest priority being learning new skills and gaining new experiences, extracurricular academic and educational classes, and scientific competitions. Additionally, the needs assessment in the field of leisure activities included 14 components, with the highest priority being artistic activities, indigenous and local games, and cultural and sports competitions. According to the findings, the leisure and extracurricular activity needs of girls and boys were different.

The results of this study can provide a basis for identifying and planning to cover the lack of formal and extracurricular education and establish educational equity for students in rural schools.

This comparative analysis scrutinized the entrepreneurship education curriculum and social-emotional learning, aiming to distinguish the similarities and discrepancies between the two programs based on the ten components of the Acker curriculum.

This study involved a detailed comparison that was conducted through the utilization of the Brody method.

The study revealed that both initiatives share commonalities concerning the instructor's role, educational materials, group dynamics, geographical setting, and scheduling. Nonetheless, distinctions exist in their underlying principles, goals, subject matter, educational tasks, and evaluation techniques. Nevertheless, both schemes contribute to enhancing the individual and social growth of children, enabling them to cultivate mutual competencies in self-awareness, self-esteem, self-regulation, strategic planning, social consciousness, interpersonal communication, decision-making, and problem-solving skills.

The outcomes of this investigation serve as a foundational exploration and open up the opportunity to amalgamate these two programs, thereby crafting a more beneficial and efficient educational framework to equip individuals with the necessary skills for a productive role in forthcoming societies. Moreover, this integration would avert the need for multiple and/or conflicting programs.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate and analyze the content of the workbook and technology of the sixth grade based on the components of entrepreneurship in the three dimensions of knowledge, attitude and skill. which was done using a descriptive method of quantitative content analysis. The research community is the content of the 6th grade technology book  in 2019.  Its reliability and validity was obtained with the help of experts and triangulation method. The most attention was paid to the skills component (442) and the least attention was paid to the attitude component (51)..Also, under the sub-components of rules and regulations, risk-taking and effective communication, the highest percentage and the components of financial literacy, internal control and critical thinking have the lowest percentage, respectively, in the dimensions of knowledge, attitude and entrepreneurial skills.

The use of virtual social networks has significantly increased in Iran and it has affected various aspects and dimensions of social life. The purpose of this article is to investigate the use of virtual social networks and its determinants among student-teachers of Farhangian university. Data were collected using web-based survey and multi-stage sampling method with a sample of 900 people in 2019. The results showed that the social networks of Telegram, WhatsApp and Instagram are among the most popular virtual social networks among the respondents. Most of respondents access to virtual social networks by mobile phones. Almost half of the respondents spend 2-4 hours a day in virtual social networks. The results of multiple regression and path analysis showed that the most important factors affecting the use of virtual social networks are the attitude, propensity, and trust in virtual social networks. Key words: Cyber space, Virtual social networks, Trust, Gender, Student-Teachers

The creativity has cognitive, motivational and non-cognitive dimensions. Fostering creativity in children has been pursued often in the cognitive dimensions, while motivational and non-cognitive dimensions play a significant role in stimulating the children's creativity. This study aimed to review the effectiveness of coordinated bimanual movements on fostering creativity in the children. The research has been conducted by a quasi-experimental method with pretest and posttest design and a control group including male students of the sixth grade of Imam Hossein Elementary School in the second district of Tehran in the school year of 2018-19. The study sample was selected by convenience sampling method among the sixth grade classes. For this purpose, one class (31 students) and the other class (30 students) were randomly considered as the experimental group and the control group. Torrance and Abedi tests were used to assess the creativity. After performing the pretest by both groups; the experimental group performed bimanual coordinated movements for two months according to the set schedule and then the posttest was executed for both groups. Data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance and the results show that continuous performance of coordinated bimanual activities can significantly increase the components of creativity such as flexibility, originality, fluency and elaboration in students.

Preschool education can have a significant impact on various aspects of children's development and personality, especially in their psychological and personal and social life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of preschool education on self-esteem of first grade elementary students by post-event method on 100 preschool students who did not attend the first grade of Save, Iran. The research instrument was the standard self-esteem questionnaire of Pope et al. (1989) and the research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests (independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and ANOVA). Preschool children were higher than those who did not, and no significant difference was found between family self-esteem and self-esteem among male and female students.

The aim of this study was to analyze the experiences of teachers in the implementation of art curriculum in the context of virtual education in the first elementary school. For this purpose, qualitative research method with phenomenological approach was used. Participants in the study included first grade elementary school teachers in the academic year 1399-1400 .which reached a theoretical saturation by purposive sampling with 11 people. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The data obtained from the interview were extracted by inductive content analysis method and using open coding technique in concept sections, subcategories and main categories. The most important categories extracted included new goals, creative assignments, new teaching methods, use of various games, art education websites, audio file (storytelling). Also, the most important benefits extracted included the use of various resources and materials in education, appropriate and optimal use of teaching time, more teacher communication with individual students.

Self-esteem is one of the most important components of a person's personality and It is an important factor in his growth and prosperity.Pay attention to this component, especially in children.It is important for learning disorders.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mathematical learning disorder and self-esteem for student in elementary school boy.The method of this research is descriptive-correlational.Community statistical The study consisted of 301 male elementary school students in the 97-98th academic year;They are studying at Imam Hussein School in Tehran District No.2 and her sample is 30 Of these students,15 of these students with math's learning disabilities and 15 without They were impaired and were assigned to the control group. Disorders group includes all students with disabilities in this is a school that is trained by a psychologist and a learning disorders counselor and specialist They were diagnosed and selected by purposive sampling and the control group was randomly selected from the whole community statistically selected. Data were collected using a self-esteem questionnaire of Pope et al (1989).Results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Student t test).The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between mathematical learning disorder and self-esteem. It means disorder mathematical learning reduces self-esteem in the group of impaired students and self-esteem in the group no higher disturbance.According to the results of the present study and the importance of increasing self-esteem in children with learning disorders, self-esteem can be improved by identifying these children and improving these disorders.

One of the most important concerns of virtual education is the effectiveness of teaching-learning processes. Due to the prevalence of virtual education and the use of technological tools in the field of education and learning, growing and creative education has become more important than ever. In particular, virtual education for children in primary school faces major challenges in discussing the effectiveness of education and the quality of students' learning. What is important in educating children in the first grade of elementary school is how to cultivate the power of reasoning, judgment and purity in them, through which children learn how to think right, make the right decisions and solve their problems in the right way (Firoozfar, 1395). Overcoming the challenges and obstacles in this field, as well as increasing teachers' skills in how to use technological and creative tools, can, in addition to improving virtual education; Provide children with access to multisensory or multimedia education (Morris, 2006), various information resources, virtual interactive environment and other technological facilities appropriate to their cognitive level and needs in the context of cyberspace (Shafiei Sarvestani et al., 1399 . Teaching elementary students in the context of cyberspace allows teachers and students to use multimedia tools and software and effective communication mechanisms to implement creative teaching and take advantage of appropriate educational opportunities in e-learning. , 2005). What is key here and should not be neglected; Teachers' experiences, attitudes and skills are needed in this field. Many teachers' concerns about the quality of learning in this way will be addressed if teachers have the appropriate creative, innovative knowledge, skills, and attitudes in e-learning (Smith, 2012). According to the author's review of the research topic, no significant research has been done on the lived experiences of elementary school teachers regarding creative teaching methods, especially in the context of virtual education in the first elementary school; Therefore, the present study seeks to examine the experiences of primary school teachers regarding the use of creative teaching methods and how to use them in the virtual learning context, and finally, based on teachers' experiences, a framework for developing and applying creative teaching methods. Provide the first elementary school for children. In this regard, three basic questions were raised; 1- How did the primary school teachers implement their creative teaching methods in the context of virtual education? 2- What problems have primary school teachers encountered in applying creative teaching methods in cyberspace? 3- What have been the achievements of primary school teachers in using creative teaching methods in virtual education? the present study was conducted qualitatively, phenomenologically and with a descriptive approach. The purpose of phenomenological research is to explicitly explain and identify phenomena as they are perceived by individuals in a particular situation. It is a scientific method that summarizes social issues with a mental approach (Horsell, 1938). Based on the purpose of the present study; To study the lived experience of teachers regarding creative teaching methods in the context of virtual education, a phenomenological approach was selected that was appropriate to the purpose of the research. Participants in this study were all primary school teachers in Pardis city in the academic year 1300-1499, which was selected by purposeful sampling of 12 teachers and interviewed by theoretical saturation criteria. Selection condition, willingness to participate in research; Experience in providing virtual education in the context of virtual social networks (such as Happy Network) and the use of creative teaching methods in virtual education. In order to gather information and conduct interviews, teachers were first asked to participate in the research by forming a group on one of the available social networks and conducting the necessary explanations about the research. Then, with the assurance that the subjects will understand the subject, the interview questions will be presented separately and individually (in person) through video, audio or text file presentation, and the answers provided by the teachers will be in the form of a text in the form of a set. Implemented and assembled. Conducting interviews with 12 teachers reached theoretical saturation. The tool of the present study is a semi-structured interview designed by the researcher based on the objectives of the research. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis method. The results showed that creative teaching methods include: presenting a conference by the student, research, brainstorming, field trip (using virtual tours of museums and antiquities), demonstration method, problem solving method, handicraft; Educational tools include: multimedia tools, use of animation, movies, use of play equipment, use of natural materials; Creative teaching techniques include: photography by students, individual and group games, home science trips, storytelling and screen reading; Motivation of teachers in using the creative teaching method includes: maintaining and strengthening the motivation of students to learn in virtual education, creating a happy atmosphere of education during the corona, strengthening the sense of self-learning in students, making the classroom attractive, increasing student participation; Also, the most important challenges and problems of teachers in implementing creative teaching methods included: software weakness, reduced interactions, lack of facilities, lack of parental cooperation and structural weakness. First graders began their first formal learning experience while my world, including Iran, was embroiled in a corona pandemic, and inevitably decided to continue, both globally and nationally, to prevent the spread of the virus. The official education of the country was based on virtual and distance education. The main challenge for the advancement of the educational system, both at the macro and micro levels, was to maintain motivation and the quantitative and qualitative level of education compared to face-to-face education. On the one hand, the infrastructural challenges, including high-speed Internet network, software and hardware appropriate and quality, and on the other hand, the ability and competence of educators to use these tools in order to hold quality classrooms, problems And it was important issues that have plagued the country's education system since the initial outbreak of the Corona virus. Because the focus of this research is on the second dimension of these challenges, namely the competence of teachers, and in particular first grade elementary teachers.

Given the need for entrepreneurship education and the importance of childhood in creating a deep and sustainable attitude about entrepreneurship, childhood education should be targeted and implemented in order to form and strengthen the entrepreneurial attitude. One of the best ways to teach entrepreneurship to children is to play creative games. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of creative games on the formation and strengthening of the entrepreneurial attitude of primary school children. This research is a practical and semi-experimental research method in the statistical population of students of the fourth grade of Imam Reza Boys' Elementary School in Rey city on a sample of 30 people (15 people in the control group and 15 people in the group). Experimental) was performed. The level of entrepreneurial attitude and its dimensions were measured before and after a one-month training course in both experimental and control groups by Robinson et al.'s (1991) attitude questionnaire. After analyzing the data using analysis of variance and T-test, the results showed that: Entrepreneurship education with the method of creative games in the field of entrepreneurship, has been highly appreciated and welcomed by children and strengthens the entrepreneurial attitude in all dimensions. It includes inner control, desire for success, creativity and innovation, and self-esteem. These findings can be effective in educating educators and teachers in the field of entrepreneurship education, as well as in developing educational programs based on the creative and entrepreneurial learning approach.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers' classroom management style and self-regulation and responsibility of sixth grade elementary students. This study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study includes all male students and their teachers in the sixth grade of elementary school in the 4th district of Tehran, which consisted of 4000 people. Using Cochran's formula and available sampling method, 310 students and 35 of their teachers The research sample title was selected. In this study, three questionnaires of Wolfgang and Glickman (1986) class management style questionnaire, Nemati responsibility accountability questionnaire (2007) and self-regulatory questionnaire of Bofard et al. (1995) were used. Pearson correlation test and simultaneous linear regression were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between classroom management style and students' self-regulation (p <0.01). The results also show that the teacher management style in the classroom explains self-regulation in 17% of students. Findings also showed that there is a significant relationship between classroom management style and student responsibility (p <0.01). Classroom teacher management style explains responsibility in 23% of students.

The development of new communication technologies and virtual social networks in the last two decades has led to ideological and attitude changes, especially among the younger generation. In this regard, the present article was conducted with the aim of investigating the trend towards virtual social networks and the factors affecting it. The research method used by the Commission is a survey in which data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire tool among 900 people selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method in 2009. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the most important variables affecting the rate of student-teacher orientation to social networks, respectively, include attitudes towards social networks, religiosity, and the level of trust in social networks. Other variables such as gender, age, and length of time to join social networks have had a significant but slight effect on social media orientation. In total, these variables have been able to explain about 43% of the variance in virtual social media trends.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of children's play song method on the essay writing quality of the 3rd grade elementary school girls. The research method was experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population was the girls' primary schools in the 5th district of Tehran, which were randomly selected as a cluster of several schools, and then 30 students were selected from the 3rd grade classes as a sample. The children in the experimental group sang children's games in six 30-minute sessions, but the control group was not given any training. Vakil al-Tajjar (2015) checklist was used to correct students' essays, the validity of which was confirmed by several professors and experts, and its reliability was 95% through Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed descriptively using multivariate analysis of covariance (Moncova). Findings showed that children's play songs had a positive and significant effect on increasing the quality of students' writing and increasing their vocabulary, structure and writing content. Therefore, it can be concluded that the method of children's song plays has an effect on increasing the quality of students' writing.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate, criticize, and analyze the book in the field of teaching. The analytical method is used in book evaluation. The first example of the book Teaching and Learning Skills (Teaching Methods and Techniques) is the first volume by Hassan Shaabani. The textbook has been studied based on the content and format of academic textbook critique, textbook review, and humanities textbook review. Based on the research findings, this book has some advantages and disadvantages such as the introduction of goals and objectives at the beginning of each chapter, the use of tables and diagrams, the presentation of conceptual models at the beginning of each chapter, students’ professional needs, as well as shortcomings and weaknesses such as lacking a persuasive educational model, lack of new scientific findings, inadequate presentation, lack of motivational and critical thinking questions, and repeated disruption of some book topics with other related lessons. The other shortcomings include how to cite, overlooking new sources, adjust abstract, volume, and book cover design which are inappropriate to reduce book productivity and efficiency for the audience.

In the educational system, the teacher has an impact on the learning rate of different subjects, and in the meantime, students with learning disabilities need the support and attention of teachers. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of teacher attention and feedback on the level of learning of mathematical topics of students with third grade mathematical disorder. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and to perform it, experimental research method with pre-test, post-test design with control group has been used. The statistical population includes all third grade students of Imam Hossein (AS) School in District 5 of Tehran in the academic year of 1397-98. The subjects included 30 students who had a learning disability in the math class who were purposefully selected, 15 in the control group and 15 in the experimental group. The research instrument was a researcher-made test that obtained its formal validity and content and then used it before and after the experimental variable was applied. The results of the research showed that the teacher's attention and feedback increase the learning rate of mathematics lessons for students with learning disabilities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate entrepreneurial education as a new approach to preschool education. This study is considered as a qualitative research type and the method employed included "Speculation" or "Speculative Essay". The data for the present study was collected using the documents review tools and the “Karsul” Thinking method was used for data analysis. According to this study, three groups of teaching-learning methods including: a) teaching-learning methods based on games and activities for children; b) teaching-learning methods based on projects, real life experience, exploration and excavation; and c) creativity and art teaching-learning methods have been chosen as the best practices in entrepreneurship education as a new approach to preschool children education. An entrepreneurial approach supports the full development of children in order to expand their capabilities in the form of an entrepreneurial lifestyle as necessary for their current and adult lives.

This study was aimed at examining the effects of preschool language programs on the development of verbal communication skills of Y1 students. Of a total of 8834 primary school students, a randomly selected sample of 100 students took part in the study. Half of the sample did a preschool program prior to their enrolment at primary school whereas the other half did not. The instrument used for data collection was TOLDP:3. Results indicated that language skills in the group with preschool experience were significantly higher than those of others. No difference was found between boys and girls.