behnoush kamali

Considering the critical input of the vestibular system to the hippocampus as an area involved in cognition, and vestibular disorders reported in patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), we aimed to investigate the effects of Vestibular Rehabilitation (VR) with and without noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (nGVS) on cognitive function in patients with aMCI.

In a randomized controlled trial, twenty-two patients with aMCI were randomly assigned to two groups receiving: 1) VR for four weeks (VR group); 2) VR for four weeks with nGVS for three sessions (GVS+VR group). Outcome measures were Rey's Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Corsi blocks, Visual Search (VS), and match to sample tests.

Mean immediate and delayed recalls of RAVLT, all of the outcomes of Corsi blocks and VS tests, and the error rate of the match to sample tests improved significantly after intervention in VR and GVS+VR groups. Between-group differences were observed for learning and delayed recalls of RAVLT (p=0.001, d=0.444 and p<0.001, d=0.512 respectively), reaction times 1 and 2 in VS (p=0.007, d=0.325 and p=0.001, d=0.446 respectively), the total correct trial of Corsi blocks (p=0.026, d=0.235), and error rate of the match to sample (p=0.017, d=0.266) tests.

The synergistic effect of VR and GVS suggested that simultaneous use of both stimulations improves verbal and visuospatial memory in aMCI patients. Study protocol location: https://irct.ir/trial/47249 Trial registration number: IRCT20160131026279N3

Planting at the right time and supplemental irrigation are considered as the effective management practices in increasing rain productivity and rainfed lentil yield and have been discussed in several studies. In this study، the suitable planting date and supplemental irrigation time for lentil in Qazvin weather conditions were examined in a computerized model. In this model، soil water content and water requirement of lentil crop were calculated by meteorological and geographic data، information of slightly soil and plant and according to FAO relations and then were compared. Finally، the planting date with the least amount of stress to the plant during the growth period and sensitive stages was identified as the most suitable planting date. The time of supplemental irrigation also was determined in order to minimize the amount of stress to the plant in the intermediate stage of growth. Based on the results of the model among the planting dates (March، 15th; March، 24th; April، 3th and April، 13th) the suitable planting time for spring lentil was March، 15th from the review times and the suitable time for supplemental irrigation was 10-15 days after the start of the sensitive growth stage (intermediate stage).

Patients with type I diabetes mellitus commonly complain about dizziness، floating sensation، tinnitus، weakness، and sweating. The aim of this study was comparing vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) between these patients and normal people. Twenty-four patients with type I diabetes mellitus and twenty-four healthy volunteers with the age range of 15-40 years were enrolled in this study. A tone burst of 500 Hz، with the intensity of 95 dB nHL، was delivered through a insert earphone and vestibular evoked myogenic potential was recorded. The t-test was used to compare the results between the two groups. To investigate the effect of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on VEMP responses (latency، absolute and relative amplitude)، the regression analysis was used. The mean p13 and n23 latency were significantly more in patients with type Ι diabetes mellitus (for P13 latency، p=0. 013 in right and p=0. 010 in left ear، and for n23 latency، p<0. 001 in right and p=0. 005 in left ear). There was no significant difference between two groups in absolute and relative amplitude and prevalence of the VEMP (p>0. 050). There was no correlation between VEMPs and HbA1c in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (p>0. 05). Prolonged latencies of the VEMP in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus suggest lesions in the retrolabyrinthine، especially in the vestibulospinal tract. Nevertheless، due to the limited number of examined samples، further investigation with more patients should be performed.

Diabetes mellitus type Ι is a metabolic disorder that affects multiple systems including the inner ear. Patients with diabetes mellitus commonly complain about dizziness, floating sensation, tinnitus and sweating. The aim of this study was to compare vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) between diabetic patients with or without neuropathy. Subjects included 14 patients with diabetes mellitus type Ι with polyneuropathy, 10 patients with diabetes mellitus type Ι without polyneuropathy and 24 healthy volunteers. Range of age in participants was 15-40 years old. The VEMPs were recorded with 500 Hz tone bursts with intensity at 95 dB. There was statistically significant difference between the groups in P13 and N23 latencies (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in absolute and relative amplitudes. Prolonged latencies of the VEMP suggest lesions in the retrolabyrinthine, especially in the vestibulospinal tract.