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Serum paraoxonase (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated esterase that can prevent the formation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). PON1 activity is reduced in cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, distribution of PON1 phenotypes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) was determined. Also, as studies on the association between PON1 activity and the extent of coronary stenosis are limited, the relationship between paraoxonase and arylesterase activities of PON1 with extent of coronary stenosis has been investigated. Sixty one patients with coronary stenosis of <50% and sixty three patients with coronary stenosis of >70% were included in this study. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured using paraoxon and phenylacetate as substrates, respectively. Phenotyping of the PON1 Q192R polymorphism was determined by double-substrate method. In patients with stenosis of <50%, 41%, 46% and 13% of the patients belonged to phenotypes of Q, QR and R, respectively. The corresponding values in patients with stenosis of >70% were 48%, 41% and 11%, respectively. Patients with stenosis of <50% had significantly higher paraoxonase and arylesterase activities (P= 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively) compared to those with stenosis of >70%. The levels of HDL-C in patients with stenosis of <50% were significantly higher than those of >70% stenosis group (P=0.025). In the present study, phenotype distribution of PON1 in subjects with CAD was determined. Also, there were significant differences in paraoxonase and arylesterase activities and also HDL-C levels between patients with coronary stenosis of <50% and those with coronary stenosis of >70%. Therefore, this study provides further support for the important role of paraoxonase activity in coronary atherosclerosis.

Paraoxonase (PON1) can prevent oxidized low-den sity lipoprotein formation and development of atherosclerotic lesions. However, studies on the association between PON1 activity and the extent of coronary stenosis and underlying mechanism(s) are limited. In this study, the relationship between paraoxonase and arylesterase activities of PON1 with extent of coronary stenosis together with determination of PON1 phenotypes in the studied patients have been investigated. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured in 61 patients with coronary stenosis of <50% and 63 patients with coronary stenosis of >70%. Individual human serum phenotyping for the PON1 Q192R polymorphism was achieved through dividing the paraoxonase activity in the presence of 1M NaCl by arylesterase activity. Patients with stenosis of <50% had significantly higher PON1 activity (p<0.05) and HDL-Cholesterol (p<0.03) compared to those with stenosis of >70%. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in the phenotype distribution of males and females. According to the current study, there are significant differences in paraoxonase and arylesterase activities and also HDL-C levels between patients with coronary stenosis of <50% and those with coronary stenosis of >70%. Therefore, this study provides further support for the important role of paraoxonase activity in coronary atherosclerosis.

Aspartate aminotransferase is present in gingivial Crevicular fluid, and there is preliminary evidence that its activity may correlate with the extent of gingival inflammation and tissue destruction. Method & Mateial: This work describes a study in which AST was monitored over a one year in 96 Patients with moderate adult periodontitis. Values for plaque index, gingival index and probing attachment level were recorded, and 30- second 3min samples of gingival fluid harvested. As partate aminotransferase activity was determined by a standar method. Our results showed that Aspartate aminotransferase activity in control group was 432.7526.82 and in patient group was 763.4253.27 unit/min/ ml of GCF. Aspartate aminotransferase activities of 500 units in min in ml of GCF or higher appeared to be associate with active disease. Aspartate aminotransferase activity in GCF is strongly related to human periodontal disease. Our results showed that Ast, as a direct measure of tissue damage, will prove to be useful odjunct in the diagnosis of active periodontitis and ultimately aid in the design of more effective therapy.