dr. ferena sayyar

Chronic liver diseases especially cirrhosis may cause different complications in patients, such as periodontal disease. The purpose of the present case – control study was to examine the effect of chronic liver diseases on the periodontium. Methods & Materials: The experimental group consisted of 60 patients with diagnosed chronic liver disease. 60 systemically healthy subjects formed the control group. Age, gender, level of education, socio – economic level and cigarette smoking were not statistically different between the two study groups. (P>0.05) The Ramfjord index teeth were recorded for plaque index (PI), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and gingival bleeding (GB). CAL in the test group was significantly greater than the control group (P<0.05) which showed that the hepatic patients were 3.3 times more at risk of moderate to severe attachment loss than the healthy subjects (Odds ratio = 3.3), however, mean PI and GB were not statistically different between the study groups (P>0.05). Patients with chronic liver disease demonstrated more CAL than the healthy subjects with the same PI and GB. Thus liver disease might be assumed as a risk factor for periodontal diseases.

The effect of periodontal disease on blood cells and hematopoises mechanisms has been focused during recent years, and based on researches on this field, leukocyte and platelete production are changed by the periodontal disease which in turn is believed to be an etiologic factor for thromboembolic phenomenom and cardiovascular disease. Due to lack of information about the possible changes by periodontal disease and blood indices in our country, this study was done on the patients referred to the oral medicine and periodontic wards of Azad Islamic dental faculty during 1381-82. This study was a historical cohort study. The patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontits (Bone loss & CAL > 3 at more than 30% sites) without systemic diseases and infection and history of using any drugs and/or antibiotics, surgery, recent trauma or tooth extraction selected as test group, meanwhile, among the patients reffered to the oral medicine ward who were periodontally healthy (CAL < 1) samples were selected as control group. The interventional variables, (age, gender, education, smoking habit and remained teeth) were matched between two groups. After describing the procedure of research to all of the participants, consent forms were signed. Base line data, consisted of “CAL” and “PI” in the both groups were recorded. Samples of 2ml venous blood were collected in standard tubes containing EDTA, send immediately to the laboratory for analysis of blood cells with automatic cell counter (Sysmex K1000). The smear blood sample was taken from each patient, and evaluated by pathologist, to determine differential counting of WBC. The study was done on 60 participants (test=30, control=30). There was no significant difference between the test and control group in interventional variables. Laboratory tests showed significant differences in some of blood indices, leukocytes were elevated in periodontal patient compare to healthy controls (P<0.001). This finding was primarily explained by higher numbers of neutrophils in periodontitis (P<0.001). Periodontal patient had a higher number of platelet compared to control group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences in other indices. (RBC, HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC) between two groups (P<0.05). This study showed that periodontal diseases due to its influence on hematopoises mechanisms and blood cell production, may cause increased WBC count, neutrophil and platelets, without alteration on RBC, HGB and other blood indices.

There is an increasing of prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). A lot of researches have shown the relation between periodontal and some kinds of systemic disease. To determine the relation between periodontal disease and COPD this research was performed on patients in Labafinejad hospital and their match control group at 2001-2002. Method & Material: In this case-control study, test group consisted of patients with diagnosed COPD and control group was selected same as test group except for having COPD. Periodontal examination was done which was included: Pocket Depth measurement (PD), Bleeding on Probing (BoP), Probing Attachment Loss (PAL) and plaque index (Loe and Silness). By use of statistical analysis, the above measurements were interpreted. This study was done on 130 attendants totally, 65 persons in each group. The group (case and control) were matched based on age, gender, smoking, socio-economic condition. In the control group, 9.2% and in the test group 29.2.% had PD>3mm (P<0.05) that means COPD patients were 3.4 times more at risk of PD>3mm. In the control and test group, BOP were 49.5 ± 11.7 and 63.5 ± 15.2 (P<0.0001) respectively and COPD patients are 1.8 times more at risk of gingival bleeding in comparison to the control group. PAL>2mm in the control and test group were 61.5% and 80% respectively (P<0.02) that means in COPD patients there is 2.5 times more risk to have PAL>2mm than the control group. Moderate and advanced PI in the control and test group were 24.6% and 44.6% (P<0.02) respectively which shows COPD patients are 2.47 times more at risk of moderate and advance PI. There is a direct relation between periodontal disease and COPD. We recommend an experimental study to show the efficacy of periodontal treatment on progression and prognosis of COPD.

Incidence of periodontal pockets, their Problems and limitations of irrigating jet tips. Presentation of design and production of an irrigating appliance in abbreviation and testing its ability to irrigate pockets depth. Method & Materials: The study was done in the first stage according to exploratory way of descriptive method and in the second stage according to non - control trial method. Using common materials in dental office and Laboratory, the irrigating appliance was produced and its ability to irrigate pockets depth was tested on five patient with 29 pockets totally. A radiopaque liquid was used as the irrigant and its penetration in pockets was defined by its opacity on RVG (radio visio graphy) vision. The irrigating appliance was designed and produced. 5 Patients involving two men and three women with average of 43.6± 10.6 years old that had 29 pockets with average of 4.7± 0.8 millimeter depth, was selected. In all pockets, the radiopaque liquid was penetrated Completely %100 of depth. This appliance could push the irrigant into pockets. It is recommended to study the effects of new appliance on pockets treatment and periodontal maintenance in refractory periodontitis.