ebrahim molavi

The rapid expansion of cities and uncontrolled population growth have led to numerous challenges. Therefore, urban tourism, especially in developing countries like Iran, presents an economic advantage that can accelerate the development process. Given that the city of Hamedan holds significant potential as a major tourist attraction, this study aims to investigate, identify, and analyze the factors influencing urban tourism development, assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) in tourism, and propose strategies to enhance the tourism industry in Hamedan. The research methodology in this study combines both field and analytical approaches. In the first phase, research hypotheses and indicators were distributed via questionnaires among 355 tourists, and their correlations were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test in SPSS software. The questionnaire's validity was established as face validity, and reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, resulting in values of 0.70 for the first hypothesis, 0.68 for the second, and 0.73 for the third. The results revealed no significant relationship between the development of Hamedan's tourism industry and the indicators of the first hypothesis. Additionally, the third hypothesis, suggesting low satisfaction among tourists with urban services in Hamedan, was rejected. However, the second hypothesis, which posited a significant relationship between the integration of tourism organizations and the development of Hamedan’s tourism, was confirmed. In the second phase, the SWOT analysis and the internal-external factors matrix (IEFM) were used to propose strategies for improving tourism industry in Hamedan. Subsequently, the strategies were prioritized using the QSPM method. The results indicate that attracting private sector investments to enhance accommodation and recreational infrastructure and leveraging the city’s rich historical, cultural, and natural attractions are among the most significant strategies for advancing Hamedan’s tourism industry.

Tourism is one of the most important industries in the world that plays an important role in the economic development of countries. As a result of developed and industrialized countries, many developing countries have now achieved economic growth through the development of the tourism industry. The present study is quantitative and analytical. The required data for the research have been collected through the yearbook of the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization in 2019. Using Shannon entropy model, the weight of urban tourism indicators has been calculated and these weights have been used in Mairca techniques and by using this technique, urban tourism services in Iran have been studied. Mairca technique and calculating the sum of the final values of the total gap show that Tehran province has the highest score of urban tourism with a score of (0/0154). Bushehr province with points (0/0318), Sistan and Baluchestan province with points (0/0318) and Ilam province with points (0/0318) have the lowest points in the field of services related to urban tourism. The coefficient of determination is 0/747 and shows that 74/7% of the changes in the development situation depend on tourism services and Facilities and the remaining 25/3% depend on other factors.

The fabric of the historical centers of Iranian cities along with its physical and semantic works, represents the attractiveness, distinctiveness and unique characteristics of the city's location, history and culture. This is while these valuable and identity -giving pillars in the cities are facing many problems in physical, social, economic, cultural, etc. dimensions, and ignoring the problems of these tissues due to the passage of time and the long life of its valuable buildings. It can lead to the destruction of the culture and identity of a society. The historical and central fabric of Hamedan city as one of the old and civilized cities of the country due to the conflict between the past and modern functions, has suffered from limitations in infrastructure and physical capacity in the fabric and has created heterogeneous relationships between its functional content and physical structure. . In this regard, the aim of the current research is to identify and determine the physical limits of the historical fabric and the central core of the city. The study method is analytical -descriptive and based on map information (1956) and using the expert opinions of research experts, four options were presented for the scope of the historical context of the city. Next, using the Delphi method, the indicators for determining the appropriate physical range were extracted and the proposed ranges were prioritized using the hierarchical method (AHP). Based on the findings of the research and the analysis of the proposed options based on the indicators, the first option (the central ring of the city) with a score of 1.29, received the highest percentage of desirability as the physical area of the historical context of Hamedan city.

Urban walls hold significant influence over the quality of urban spaces, making them one of the most impactful environmental elements. Enhancing their quality contributes to an overall improvement in the physical aspects of a city. While the urban landscape and its aesthetic indicators are well-established, the question arises regarding the influential components that shape the urban landscape. Hence, the objective of this scholarly article is two-fold: to identify effective solutions for enhancing the aesthetic dimension of urban walls in terms of their objective-physical aspects, and to prioritize these solutions based on the perspective of citizens who frequent the Eram sidewalk in Qom city. Determining the sample size was achieved through Cochran's formula, resulting in a total of 384 participants. The research methodology employed was practical and aligned with the nature of the study, employing a descriptive-quantitative approach to answer research questions. To analyze the collected data, the Lisrel software was employed for designing the structural equation. The research findings highlight the need for improvement in various components of the urban landscape when it comes to the walls of the Eram pedestrian area. These components include enhancing the beauty and visual variety in wall decorations, paying attention to facade additions, and diversifying the texture of materials utilized. Notably, citizens rated the absence of disturbances and visual disruptions as positive and appropriate, assigning it a high impact factor of 0.82. This component emerged as their top priority when indicating their visual preferences. By addressing these findings and incorporating the indicated solutions, urban planners and policymakers can effectively enhance the aesthetic appeal of urban walls, thereby improving the overall perception and experience of citizens within urban spaces.

Tourism has turned into one of the most significant and influential industries in the world economy. In addition to its effects on the macroeconomic environment, this industry through its development has had variety of positive and negative effects, one of which is concerned with citizens’ levels of happiness. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate tourism development and its effects on the happiness level of residents in the city of Kashan. The research method is descriptive-analytical. One-sample T-test and a structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data of the questionnaire. The results, obtained from the one-sample T-test, showed the significance of macroeconomic indicators, cultural dimension, social dimension, economic-social dimension, environmental dimension, and the quality of life on the happiness levels of the residents of Kashan. The results of a structural equation modeling displayed that among the measured indicators the social-economic index has the highest factor loading with a weight of 0.91. The cultural and environmental factors are ranked second with the same factor loadings of 0.86. The factors such as macroeconomics, the social dimension, the quality of life, and happiness index are ranked next with factor loadings of 0.71, 0.58, 0.84, and 0.63 respectively. After a more detailed analysis of the indicators, the creation of job and the earning of income, among positive effects of tourism, have led to the well-being and happiness of residents as well as the improvement of their appearance and authenticity.

The Corona epidemic is one of the most important issues in the world today, which has significantly changed urban transportation and highlighted the weaknesses of current transportation methods. This crisis has provided a unique opportunity to redesign urban transportation programs in a more sustainable and resistant way. The main goal of the recent research is to evaluate the impact of contextual factors in the development of active transportation during the Corona epidemic in Durood City. This research is of an applied type and based on the descriptive-analytical method, and with the help of a questionnaire, the researcher investigated the effect of background factors such as age, gender, education, etc. on active transportation during the Corona epidemic. The use of structural equation modelling has been investigated. The statistical population of the research includes 180 residents of Durood City, which was calculated using the required software and with a confidence level of 95%. The analysis of the resulting findings shows that among the factors affecting the development of active transportation during the Corona epidemic, social and health factors with the highest factor load are the most effective factors, and among the background factors affecting the development of active transportation, age is the most influential and Household income had the least influence on the choice of active transportation during the outbreak of the Corona epidemic. The final results indicate that the background factors during the outbreak of this epidemic in Durood City greatly affected the development of active transportation during this period.

Evaluation of different regions in terms of access to the index-service provides a possibility for planning and allocating funds to the programsMaker, consider the facts and consider the development level of the country's regions. This is why the present research aims to status of Iran's provinces in terms of development indices analyze and evaluate communications. The dominant approach of this research is quantitative analysis and techniques used 15 variables to measure the level of concentration techniques, distribution coefficient and coefficient of Williamson. The results showed that the concentration indices of development of communication models in some provinces of the country indicated. Williamson index composite index communication process for fifteen provinces of the country showed the unbalanced distribution of telecommunications services. Decentralization measurement models show that, over time towards decentralization an d distribution an d the signs of ag e an d is becoming a global village.

As other types of tourism, urban tourism has been proposed as a unique opportunity and this source of income and wealth of industry experience in the world and an important element in improving and regulating trade and balance of payments of many countries. Hamadan City consequently Iran our country with many tourist attractions in the area has the potential to attract tourists and can be one of the focal absorber tourists comes to account. Methods In this study a combination of field and analytical methods. The 500,000 population of the study population will equal formation of Hamadan. Sample size according to the number of domestic and foreign tourists entered the city of Hamedan Cochrane 355 numbers through the formula is calculated using SPSS software to analyze data has been discussed. The findings and results of this study show that compared to peers and recognition of the historic attractions the city can plan expansion and tourism development to be able to make targeted at different aspects of economic, social, ecological and others have planned program.