elham amanzadegan

The distinction between historical district and other urban district due to their valuable and heritage attributes is completely evident. Historical district needs to undergo changes in their infrastructure and physical structure in order to update and align with contemporary developments. It is evident that if these valuable historical districts do not adapt to the needs of modern times, they will face the process of deterioration, affecting both the fabric itself and its residents. In fact, this necessitates the conservation and protection of historical districts. addressing the topic of "urban conservation and protection" globally and in Iran itself is a complex and detailed research endeavor, as the existing experiences in this field testify to the extensive range of topics that can be investigated. The developments of the 2010s can be considered as the first practical steps towards establishing a common ground between sustainability and revitalization. in historical districts, sustainability and preservation have been given attention as drivers for development and revitalization in the planning of historical cities. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop a conceptual model for achieving sustainable urban revitalization to be applied in the historical district of Shiraz, by answering the main research question: How can an appropriate model for achieving sustainable urban regeneration be developed based on indicators of sustainability and urban regeneration texts? to address this question, the present paper is divided into two main stages. The first stage involves examining the content of sustainability in the historical district, while the second stage focuses on intervention procedures in the historical district to study the process of achieving classified sustainable regeneration.

The research methodology employed in this paper is based on the content of the research question and the achievement of the research objective, which is the realization of sustainable urban regeneration in the historical district of Shiraz. The approach used is qualitative content analysis and is of an inductive nature. Influential processes related to the concepts of sustainability and regeneration were examined through documentary study, referring to information contained in books, articles, and credible documents, in a structured manner to gather relevant information. The application of a descriptive-analytical method in this qualitative study, based on the practical objective and the collection of data related to the approach of sustainable urban regeneration, seems justified. The main purpose of this research is the growth and improvement of the old district of Shiraz through the realization of sustainable urban regeneration in its historical area, and the outcome of this study is based on a strategic planning process and the analysis of a conceptual model for the realization of sustainable urban regeneration, which can lead to the revival of the historical district of Shiraz.

The protection and development of historical districts, particularly in a sustainable manner, are an integral part of contemporary life and future generations. Hence, if the city of Shiraz develops a conceptual model or intervention approach for itself in relation to sustainable regeneration, the destiny of the historical area will become clearer. A conceptual model that effectively assesses and evaluates the relationship between sustainability, regeneration, and the district will be essential.

in this article, a theoretical framework based on concepts and approaches related to "sustainable regeneration" has been presented, and these concepts have been utilized to propose a conceptual model for achieving sustainable urban regeneration in the historical district of Shiraz. To determine the applicability of this approach in assessing the sustainability of historical district in each urban area, it has been recognized that each study site requires a unique set of indicators based on geographical, economic, social, legal, and environmental structural differences.

In the city of Shiraz, there has been a lot of research on the historical pattern, but the key point has been the lack of strategic and clear vision for the continuation of historical pattern sustainable regeneration. Accordingly, in this paper, using the SWOT Strategic Technique, it has been attempted to answer the key question that considering the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, and threats of Shiraz historical pattern, what is the most appropriate strategy to regenerate this pattern? Strategic Quantitative Matrix (QSPM) was used to prioritize strategies. This research is applied research in terms of purpose and its methodology is descriptive-analytic. Documentary surveys, as well as field studies of questionnaires and interviews with relevant experts, were used to collect the required data. The findings show that the status of Shiraz's historical pattern is in a competitive state among the four aggressive, defensive, conservative and competitive states of the SWOT model, which means, strategies must be formulated to avoid the upcoming threats through the strengths. Therefore,the competitive strategy is a suggested strategy for regenerating the historical pattern of Shiraz. In addition, in the prioritization using Quantitative Planning Matrix (QSPM), among the formulated strategies, the highest attractiveness was related to “paying more attention to the functional values of the pattern as an important part of the main city center of Shiraz and strengthening the buildings against natural disasters” and “Promoting the Role of Historic-Cultural and Religious Valuable Elements and Transparency and Sustainability of Urban Management Policies and Programs and reconstruction of the Region”

Historical areas have rich cultural, social and heritage resources due to the existence of buildings and collections of valuable spaces and the narration and reading of the reality of life and the activities of human beings living in it in the transition of history. The need to intervene in historical areas seems to be undeniable due to the needs of today's urbanization and the process of natural erosion and physical metamorphosis over time. The "sustainable urban regeneration" approach, due to the simultaneous, comprehensive and integrated considerations of physical, functional, economic, social, environmental, managerial, legal dimensions, focus on preservation, protection and development of heritage-identity capital preservation more than other policies. The present article intends to prioritize sustainable urban regeneration policies in the four neighborhoods of Shiraz historical context to create a link between the two concepts of sustainability and urban regeneration in Shiraz historical area neighborhoods, changes in its management and at the same time social, physical, cultural, and environmental regeneration and ultimately lead to vitality, dynamism, and the promotion of status and civic life in the historical area. The data required for the research have been collected through library studies, documents, field studies, reports of organizations involved in urban management and completing a questionnaire by Delphi method and interviews with experts in historical area by exploratory method. The statistical population includes citizens of five neighborhoods of the historical-cultural region of Shiraz, equivalent to 24871 people. The sample size was selected based on Cochran's formula and the questionnaire was randomly distributed and completed. Based on the policy of sustainable urban regeneration, the policies and plans of the historical area of Shiraz were analyzed and evaluated by statistical methods like Fuzzy-Topsis & T test. The results of statistical tests in order to prioritize policies indicate that the components of regeneration and sustainability in the historical area of Shiraz are lower than desired and physical policy with an average of 2.933 as the highest index, socio-demographic policy, environmental, participatory, cultural - Tourism, management, legal and economic are in the next categories with an average of 2.932, 2.920, 2.809, 2.778, 2.739 and 2.628, respectively. Given the need to pay attention to managerial and legal policies in historically valuable areas and the theories of Habermas and Foucault in this regard, there is a need to present a new approach and pay attention to the authority relations and institutions involved in the context.Extended Abstract

        The decline in the quality of the urban environment, due to the prevailing pattern of urbanization of industrial cities and fundamental changes in the structure and function of the central and old urban parts, made the issue of regenerating the historical and ancient parts of cities as an important issue. Many theorists have used various perspectives to solve this fundamental problem, such as attention to culture, modern perspective, neo-urbanism, and so on. Despite many efforts in this field, their goals were focused on the physical part of urban historical contexts and have been presented in the form of various policies. All aspects and indicators of sustainability and regeneration in the historical context have not been considered simultaneously. The basic principles as well as the participation of the people have led to the non-implementation of some executive policies in the historical context (Amanzadegan & Tabibian, 2021: 3). The process of revival and metamorphosis in historical contexts has been subjected to various ideas in the last century, which have been formed based on spatial and temporal conditions and policies governing contexts and have undergone changes in the form of different ideas (Yazdani, et al., 2017: 42-43). Some perspectives and approaches to intervention in historically valuable contexts have sometimes sought to inject new ideas into contexts without addressing the contemporary and up-to-date needs of contexts and people, as well as the main concerns of urbanization today, and this is a reason for failure. Thoughts and views as well as plans and programs that seek to correct and solve the problem of historical contexts. Therefore, in spite of many activities, considering that one of the issues of experts and decision-makers in these matters is the preservation of historical sites and the revitalization of ancient area, and government policies in recent decades have emphasized to correct the ancient texture, but unfortunately what is actually observed in practice is the gradual and uncertainty of these areas (Habibi & Maghsodi, 2017: 55-59). Due to the inefficiency of views and theories related to the historical context, the use of regeneration in the historical area along with the issue of sustainability, will lead to an integrated and sustainable development of the context. The comprehensive approach to sustainable urban regeneration can affect the quality and identity of historical contexts by considering all dimensions and components of sustainability and regeneration affecting the historical context.

SPSS software and t-test were used to analyze the collected data. Fuzzy TOPSIS has also been used to rank regeneration policies in neighborhoods. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinions of experts in the field of regeneration, 30 questionnaires were completed to assess the reliability and Cronbach's alpha of various indicators was more than 0.70. The policies formulated in the approved plans and programs for organizing, improving, renovating and regenrating the historical context of Shiraz in the detailed plan of the historical context, which are facing more incompatibility, were selected.

T-test was used to prioritize sustainable urban regeneration policies. Due to the use of the Likert spectrum, the average is three. If the average is higher than average, it indicates more impact and if the average is lower than average, it indicates less impact. In order to assess the status of urban regeneration policies in the historical context, the one-sample parametric t-test (with the value of test 3) has been used. Given the level of significance obtained, it can be said with 95% confidence that the test results are acceptable. The results show that the average of all dimensions is below average. Physical dimension with an average of 2.933 as the highest average, social-demographic, environmental, participatory, cultural-tourism, managerial, legal, and economic dimensions are in the next categories with the average of 2.932, 2.920, 2.809, 2.788, 2.739, and 2.628, respectively. In order to assess the status of regeneration and sustainability policy in multiple neighborhoods of Shiraz historical context, t-test has been used. The results indicate that among the six components of regeneration and sustainability in the four neighborhoods of the historical context of Shiraz, three components are above average and three components are below average. The physical component with an average of 3.443 has the highest average and in other words is the most desirable component; And the component of public participation with an average of 2.232 has the lowest average and in other words is the most undesirable component. In general, the situation of regeneration and sustainability in the four neighborhoods of the historical area of Shiraz with an average of 2.993 is lower than the desired level. In order to be able to compare and rank historical area’s neighborhoods in terms of sustainable urban regeneration dimensions, the fuzzy TOPSIS model has been used. Also, fuzzy hierarchical analysis technique has been used to weight the indicators. After extracting the regeneration policies using the Delphi method and classifying the causes of non-feasibility of the plans and programs of the historical context of Shiraz in different areas related to the regeneration policy, different stages of fuzzy TOPSIS have been performed.

It can be concluded that in general, the policies of urban regeneration plans and programs in the historical area of Shiraz are in an unfavorable situation, which can be confirmed according to obtained averages. In general, it can be said that the economic dimension includes; Reducing the profitability, efficiency and desirability of reconstruction projects in the historical context before and during implementation, increasing project implementation costs, lack of investor attraction, financial and economic weakness of the residents of the context, etc., are the most important components affecting the implementation of sustainable urban regeneration policies and programs in the city of Shiraz which is considered to be one of the main reasons for the failure of regeneration programs in this area.This result is important considering the ruling planning system of the country and the very important role of the executive and financial power of the employer. It seems reasonable that each of the projects, plans and programs for the regenerations of the historical context of Shiraz in order to succeed in the historical context, need to pay attention to the component of economic and financial power.In order to solve the problems of the historical-cultural context of Shiraz, a set of goals have been considered in the proposed program and plan, and if these goals are realized through strategies and executive policies, a big step will be taken to regenrate and revitalize the historical-cultural context of Shiraz.Encourage indigenous and non-indigenous investments to create sustainable employment in historic neighborhoods.Investing in small businesses to increase economic competition in these neighborhoods.Establishing a direct connection between the historical buildings of the city center and the revitalization of the historical contexts of the city.Special attention to integrated and coordinated local management.Review of the organizational structure and organizational chart of the municipality of Shiraz historical-cultural region.Elimination of parallel organization and establishment of the principle of organizational-institutional balance.

The main issue of the present study is the feasibility of Shiraz sustainable urban regeneration indicators and components. In order to achieve the goals, the status of sustainable urban regeneration indicators are analyzed and evaluated (economic, managerial, legal, participatory, socio-demographic, cultural-tourism and physical-functional) in the target areas of Shiraz's historical district (Darb-shazdeh, Sare-dozak, Eshagh-beig, bazare-morgh and sange-siah). These quarters are selected as target neighborhoods to evaluate the regeneration and sustainability indices, purposefully due to the availability of documentation of rehabilitation, renovation and regeneration programs and the availability of actors, stakeholders, and key elements of plans and programs. The statistical population of this study is 26069 inhabitants of five selected neighborhoods of eight municipality of Shiraz historical district. Then, 384 people were selected using Cochran formula and questionnaires were distributed and completed by simple random method. The required data were collected through FMEA analysis and field studies (questionnaire and interview) and analyzed by SPSS software, one-sample T-test, analysis of variance, test experience (LSD) and Friedman. Research findings show that in Shiraz status qua, physical-functional index with the mean of 3.443 had the highest mean and public participation index with the mean of 2.223 was the lowest. The results of analysis of variance indicate that there are significant differences among the five target neighborhoods of Shiraz historical district in terms of sustainable urban regeneration indices. Also, according to the results of Friedman test, Sare-dozak neighborhood with a mean of 3.53 is the lowest and the Bazare-morgh with a mean of 12.17 is ranked first.

Shiraz historical and cultural area is one of the ancient areas of the country which Due to its unique architecture and urban context has significant architectural and urban planning values. The physical archaism of the historical area and, consequently, the severe complexity and blight, the specific social and economic problems of this area, would be factors in the severe urban decline and continuously less favorable of local inhabitants to renovation as well as housing in the Area.

The present paper intends to use FMEA and fuzzy TOPSIS techniques in ranking Shiraz historical Areas with the aim of assessing the possibility of sustainable urban regeneration policies (including economic, managerial, legal, participatory, socio-demographic, cultural-tourism, environmental, and physical-functional components) in historical Areas of Shiraz (Darb Shazdeh, Sare Dozak, Bazare Morgh, and Sange Siah).

The required data were collected through library studies and questionnaire completion. The statistical population of this study is citizens of four neighborhoods of district number eight of Shiraz about 24871 which 384 people were selected by using Cochran formula, and questionnaires were distributed and completed according to the population of each neighborhood by simple random method. SPSS software and one-sample T-test were used for data analysis and FMEA and fuzzy-TOPSIS model were used to rank neighborhoods, by using AHP method in Expert-Choice Software.

The results of the one-sample t-test indicate that the overall average of urban development policies and strategies with the approach of redevelopment and regeneration at the neighborhood level is undesirable.

The findings of the fuzzy TOPSIS model showed that the Sange Siah neighborhood with a weight of 0.618 was ranked first out of all the studied neighborhoods. Bazare Morgh neighborhood with a weight of 0.470 is in the second place, Darb Shazadeh with a value of 0.265 is in the third place and Sardozak neighborhood with a value of 0.083 is in the last place. At the end of the research, appropriate strategies are presented according to the research findings.