fahimeh kooshki

 One of the important indicators of growth and development is tooth eruption timing, which is influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to assess the relationship between different developmental parameters and eruption time of first primary tooth in infants aged 2-15 months.

 This cohort study was conducted on 873 infants aged 2-15 months in eastern health centers of Tehran, Iran. The height, weight, head circumference, breastfeeding/bottle-feeding practices, vitamin AD supplementation, and maternal age at birth of the infants were recorded. The eruption time of first primary tooth was recorded by monthly examination of infants at the health centers. The effects of qualitative and quantitative variables were analyzed using the independent t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the simultaneous effects of growth parameters on tooth eruption time at a significance level of 0.05.  

 The eruption time of first primary tooth had an inverse relationship with the weight (P<0.001), height (P=0.003), and head circumference (P=0.01) of the infants. The mean eruption time of the first primary tooth was 7.6 ± 1.7 months in normal birth weight infants (above 2500 g) and 9.7 ± 1.9 months in low birth weight infants (below 2500 g). There was no significant correlation between gender and the eruption time of the first primary tooth (P=0.16). However, the eruption time had significant relationships with maternal age, breastfeeding, and vitamin AD supplementation (P=0.001).

 higher birth weight, height, and head circumference, as well as breastfeeding and receiving vitamin AD supplements are correlated with earlier eruption of first primary tooth.

Oral and dental hygiene plays an important role in the health and well-being of our bodies. Failure to apply basic measures to maintain oral and dental hygiene not only damages the health of teeth and gums but can also greatly increase the risk of heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax are reported as anaerobic parasites detected in the human mouth. These parasites are transmitted across saliva, contaminated food containers, drinking water, and or other tools. Since the observance of personal hygiene and discipline in taking care of oral and dental health is less in children and this affects their performance in school and their success in the future, we aimed to evaluate a parasitological and molecular survey of E. gingivalis and T. tenax among children (2 to 15 years) in Lorestan province, in Western Iran. This descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out from October 2021 to October 2022 on 660 children (aged 2–15 years) referred to health centers of Lorestan province, Iran. The total prevalence of the parasites was 108 (16.4%) and 117 (17.7%) by microscopic and PCR, respectively. No meaningful association was reported among age (P=0.716), gender (P=0.289), parent education (P=0.812), tooth brushing (P=0.170), and prevalence of these parasites in children. Conversely, a significant association was reported among settling in rural districts (P=0.002), mouthwash (P=0.001), and the prevalence of these parasites in children. By multivariate test, settling in rural districts (P=0.007) and mouthwash (P<0.001) were considerably linked with the rate of these parasites. We found a significant prevalence of these parasites in children in Lorestan province, Western Iran, indicating that dentists as well as children's parents should pay special attention to oral health strategies in children.

 The efficacy of fluoride varnish in preventing dental caries has been well documented. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of four different fluoride varnish brands containing 5% sodium fluoride on the sound enamel of permanent teeth.

 In this experimental study, 40 sound human premolar teeth were randomly assigned to four groups (Fluorilaq®, FluoroDose®, Preventa®, Kimia®; N=10). Each tooth was sectioned into buccal and lingual halves, corresponding to the control and the experimental subgroups, respectively. In the experimental halves, a semi-circular shaped area of the enamel was treated with the designated fluoride varnish. All specimens underwent Acid Etch Enamel Biopsy. Fluoride and Calcium concentrations were measured using a Potentiometer and Inductively Coupled Plasma optical emission spectrometer, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA at P<0.05.

 There was a significant difference between the enamel fluoride content of experimental and control halves in all groups (P<0.05). Preventa® Fluoride varnish caused the highest Fluoride uptake, followed by FluoroDose®, Fluorilaq®, and Kimia®. All pair comparisons were statistically significant (P<0.05), except for Preventa® vs. FluoroDose® (P=0.36).

 Since all examined Fluoride varnishes increased the Fluoride content of the tooth enamel, they potentially qualify for caries prevention. Furthermore, Preventa® could be considered a good domestic alternative for other brands investigated in this research, in terms of enamel fluoride uptake.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption pattern of dairy products and early childhood tooth decay among six-year-old preschool children in Districts 3 and 5 of Tehran during the academic year 2015-2016.

This descriptive-analytical research was conducted on 384 six-year-old preschool students in Districts 3 and 5 of Tehran studying in the academic year of 2015-2016. After obtaining the approval of the Faculty of Dentistry and Deputy of Health at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, as well as consent from the Ministry of Education and school principals, in collaboration with the health teachers, the examination schedule was established. The sampling of students was done in two stages and randomly. Initially, Districts 3 and 5 were randomly selected from among the education Districts under the supervision of Shahid Beheshti University, followed by the selection of 7 schools in the subsequent phase.

The average dmft of the samples was estimated to be 4.17. The consumed dairy products in descending order were ice cream (76%), low-fat milk (75%), dough (68%), butter (64%), cheese (63%), cocoa milk (56%), full-fat milk (47%), cream (44%), curd (39%), high-fat yogurt (37%), and traditional ice cream (33%). Among all dairy products, the consumption of ice cream and cocoa milk was associated with caries risk (P<0.01). Based on the results of the research, gender, parental age, and maternal education were related to the occurrence of early tooth decay in children. It was also found that high-fat milk, cheese, dough, and various types of yogurt were associated with reducing early tooth decay in children, while ice cream and cocoa milk had a relationship with increasing early tooth decay in children. The results of the structural equation modeling showed that dairy consumption has a decreasing effect on dmft.

The results of this study demonstrated that among dairy products, high-fat milk, cheese, dough, and various types of yogurt were associated with reducing early childhood tooth decay, whereas ice cream and cocoa milk are related to increasing this decay in 6-year-old children in Tehran. Despite these findings, there is still a need for additional research in this area.

Due to the importance of using more effective varnishes to prevent dental caries, this study aimed to compare the effect of conventional casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and CPP-ACP with 1 and 2 w% nanosilver particles on microhardness of enamel of primary canines.

  The initial surface micro-hardness of 36 intact human deciduous canines were measured by a Vickers hardness tester, then samples were immersed in demineralization solution for 24 hours, and then the microhardness of samples was re-measured. All samples were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=9): (A) control group(without therapy), (B) conventional CPP-ACP, (C) CPP-ACP  with  1% nano silver, and (D) CPP-ACP  with  2% nanosilver. Then samples were entered into pH cycles for 7 days. At the end of pH cycling, the surface microhardness of samples was measured, and the mean for each group was calculated. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey analysis.

The mean enamel micro-hardness in all groups after demineralization decreased significantly (P<0.05), but this reduction was significantly less in all three experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of surface microhardness changes between the three experimental groups (P>0.05).

Conventional CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP with 1 and 2 w% Nanosilver particles were equally effective on the enamel surface microhardness of human deciduous teeth. Silver Nanoparticles have no negative effect on enamel microhardness.

  Vesiculobullous diseases (VBDs) are a category of disorders resulting from the production of antibodies against the connection of epithelial cells to each other and the underlying connective tissues. The prevalence of these diseases in individuals under 18 years old is significantly lower than in adults, and limited studies have specifically addressed the frequency of these lesions in this age group. This study aims to assess the prevalence of VBDs in patients under the age of 18 at Shahid Beheshti Dental School and Razi Hospital in Tehran from 2010 to 2020 based on age, gender, location of involvement, clinical diagnosis, and histopathology.

 A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed based on the available data in the archives of Shahid Beheshti Dental School and Razi Hospital from 2010 to 2020.

 A total of 2021 cases of VBD were identified, with 29 cases (1.45%) observed in individuals under the age of 18. Lesions showed a slight preference for females, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.23. Adolescents (13-18 years old) were the most affected age group (51.72%). The combination of lesions on the trunk and oral cavity was the most common combination observed in this study (44.82%). Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) (27.58%) was the most prevalent type of VBD, followed by erythema multiforme (EM) (24.13%), epidermolysis bullosa (EB) (20.68%), and bullous pemphigoid (BP) (17.23%).

 In summary, PV was the most common type of VBD in our study region, predominantly affecting females. EM and EB had the highest frequencies, with EB being the most common lesion in the birth to 5 years age group. BP had a lower prevalence in these age groups compared to the general population.

This survey was designed to study the molecular epidemiology and risk factors of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax in children with underlying malignancies and those on chemotherapy in Lorestan province, West of Iran.

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on children who suffering from different types of malignancies or receiving treatment by chemotherapy referring to oncology section of hospitals of Lorestan Province, Iran during May 2021 to April 2022. The frequency of oral cavity protozoa was investigated using microscopic and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

E. gingivalis and T. tenax parasites were found in 23 (25.5%) by microscopic method and 28 (31.1%) using PCR in children with malignancy. Among positive samples, 20 (71.4%) were infected with E. gingivalis; whereas 8 (28.6%) of the participants were positive for T. tenax. In the multivariate model, living in rural regions (OR= 3.437; 95% CI= 1.22-9.63; p=0.019) and using mouthwash (OR= 0.082; 95% CI= 0.018-0.37; p<0.001) were significantly related with the frequency of oral cavity parasites.

Our results showed the high frequency of oral cavity parasites in children who suffering malignancies or receiving treatment by chemotherapy in Lorestan province, Iran. The awareness of the main risk factors for oral cavity parasites particularly using mouthwash is necessary in improving public and oral health strategies in children with cancer. Consequently, oncologist and dental practitioners must be aware to identify and manage oral health concerns in in children who suffering from different types of malignancies to prevent the oral diseases and infections.

This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of mothers of elementary school children toward pediatric dental care in Iran.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on mothers of 254 elementary school children between the ages of 6 and 12 years residing in Qom City, Iran, in 2021. Data collection was performed using a standard questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability for the Iranian population, which was distributed to mothers online. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, Mann-Whitney Kruskal-Wallis, one-sample colmogorov smirnov.

The response rate was 30.97%. The mean age of mothers was 35.88±6.62 years. The majority of them had a Bachelor's degree, while 21% had a high school diploma or lower degree, and 79% had a degree higher than a high school diploma. The mean knowledge score of mothers was 31.71±4.17 out of 40, and their mean attitude score was 24.19±4.20 out of 30. Among the children, 35.7% were girls, and 64.3% were boys. About 26.8% reported brushing their teeth more than once a day, while 73.2% reported toothbrushing once a day or less. Mothers' age showed no significant correlation with their knowledge (P=0.691) or attitude (P=0.155). Similarly, their educational level showed no significant correlation with their knowledge (P=0.355) or attitude (P=0.155).

The mothers of elementary school children assessed in this study demonstrated a relatively high level of knowledge and attitude toward pediatric dental care. Additionally, mothers' educational level had a significant correlation with the frequency of toothbrushing reported by their children.

Tooth decay as the most common infectious-nutritional disease in the world. The current work aims to investigate the antibacterial effect of thymol-loaded chitosan nanocomposite (TLCN) against Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus as the main cariogenic bacteria.

Antibacterial activity of TLCN was assessed on S. mutans and A. viscosus. The effects on protein leakage in the tested bacteria, as well as its cytotoxicity, were studied by Bradford’s method and cell viability assay, respectively.

The size of the nanocomposite varied from 100 to 600 nm. The best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) related to nanocomposite + chlorhexidine was reported 2.66 for both bacteria. TLCN dose-dependently increased the protein leakage (P < 0.05). The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of nanocomposite against on normal (HGF1-PI1) and cancer (KB) cells were 149.6 and 68.4 μg/mL, respectively.

TLCN, especially in combination with chlorhexidine, displayed potent antibacterial effects against the main cariogenic bacterial causes. Nevertheless, other examinations are required to illuminate the precise mechanisms and its toxicity mainly in clinical settings.

Objectives The aim of the present study was to document the frequency and clinicopathologic features of intra-osseous jaw lesions in an Iranian pediatric population over a 20-year period. Methods Data were obtained from the archives of the Oral Pathology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The lesions were classified into four groups: (A) odontogenic cysts, (B) odontogenic tumors, (C) benign bone pathologies and (D) malignant bone tumors. The patients were divided into two age groups of (A) children (≤12 years old) and (B) adolescents (13 to 18 years old). Results Of 5,722 biopsy samples, 475 (58.2%) were diagnosed as intra-osseous lesions in patients aged 0-18 years with a male (55.2%) and mandibular (60.6%) predilection. The patients’ age ranged from 3 months to 18 years with a mean age of 12.5 years. Odontogenic cysts presented the most prevalent subgroup (51.3%) followed by benign bone pathologies (26.5%), odontogenic tumors (18.9%) and malignant bone tumors (3.1%). The most frequently observed lesions in descending order were dentigerous cyst (25.2%), radicular cyst (18.3%), central giant cell granuloma (14.9%), ameloblastoma (7.7%) and odontogenic keratocyst (5%). Conclusion Comparing our results with available data showed similarities in odontogenic cysts and benign bone pathologies. However, differences in odontogenic and malignant bone tumors were evident, which may be due to racial and geographical characteristics. Considering the limited data, further studies are recommended in this respect.

Lysozyme and lactoferrin are salivary proteins which play an important role in innate defense mechanisms against bacteria. This study investigated the association of salivary lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations with early childhood caries (ECC). This study was carried out on 42 healthy children (age range, 36 to 71 months), of whom 21 were caries free (CF) and 21 had ECC. Disposable needle-less syringes were used to collect unstimulated saliva from buccal and labial vestibules. Fifteen children who had ECC were treated completely and their saliva was collected in the same way for the second time, three months after treatment. Lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations were measured and recorded by the ELISA method. The intergroup comparisons were carried out using chi-square, Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon signed ranked test. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The mean concentration of lysozyme was significantly higher in CF group compared with that of ECC group (P = 0.04). Although the mean concentration of lactoferrin in ECC group was higher in comparison with ECC group, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.06). After dental treatment, the mean concentrations of lysozyme and lactoferrin did not change in comparison with their concentrations before treatment. ECC may have a relationship with lower concentrations of unstimulated salivary lactoferrin and lysozyme and reduced amounts of these two salivary proteins may be a risk factor for dental caries in children.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a severe type of dental caries affecting infants and pre-school children. Because of the infectious nature of the disease, the immunologic response by the host plays an essential role in its development. This study investigated the association between the presence of salivary sCD14 and ECC. This study was carried out on 40 healthy children, of whom 20 were caries-free (CF) and 20 had ECC, within the ages of 36 to 71 months. Unstimulated saliva of the children was collected with disposable needle-less syringe from buccal and labial vestibules. Seven children with ECC received complete treatments. Saliva was collected for a second time after 3 months from this group. The sCD14 levels in salivary samples were analyzed by ELISA method. Mean concentrations of sCD14 in ECC and CF groups were 57.82 and 31.92 ng/ml respectively (p=0.008). After three months, the mean concentration of sCD14 among the treated children decreased to 11.38 ng/ml, which was significantly lowercompared to that of ECC children before intervention (p<0.001), and also CF children(p<0.05). The increased levels of sCD14 can be considered as a markerof inflammation and innate immune response during ECC.