faramarz amjadian

With the end of the Cold War, a new chapter in relations between governments began. Among other things, the criteria that existed around the recognition of a newly established government were changed. Emphasis on concepts such as peace, democracy, self-determination and human rights caused democratic legitimacy to be proposed as a new element for the recognition of a government. This article aims to examine the place of democratic legitimacy in the field of government recognition. The hypothesis of the research is based on the fact that the criterion of democratic legitimacy has to a large extent been able to challenge the “exercise of effective power” which was the basic criterion for the recognition of a state in classical international law. The findings of the research indicate that with the passage of time, international actors, including countries and international organizations, have implicitly always included democratic legitimacy in identifying new governments more than in the past. The results of this study also confirm the fact that currently the position of democratic legitimacy in the identification institution is surpassing the criterion of effective control and the international instruments and mechanisms in this field, although implicitly, are trying to support it as much as possible. This article has been compiled by collecting and reviewing the documents and literature produced around the topic under discussion in a descriptive-analytical method.

This article seeks to examine the characteristics of soft power between Iran and the United States in modern Iraq from 2016 to 2020. And the United States is trying to manage and control the developments in Iraq using soft power, and Iran is trying to export the values ​​of the Islamic Revolution to Iraq. This leads to a confrontation between two soft powers, political Islam led by Iran and Western liberal democracy In the new realm of politics, soft power is one of the tools that political units use to achieve their national and strategic goals and interests. A power that, according to its theorists, is more effective than hard power. As Trump's inauguration marks the decline of soft power in the United States and his government with the first American discourse, magnify it again, trying to serve American interests by distancing itself from liberal and democratic values ​​and using neorealist approaches. And Iran, as an independent country in order to achieve its goals in the Middle East, and Iraq is one of the countries that has a very important place in Iran's foreign policy, and has more harmony and ideology with the values ​​of Iraqi society, and It uses its soft power capacities to improve relations with this government. this article, in the framework of Joseph Nye's theory, the two countries of Iran and the United States, and while examining and explaining the components of soft power, will compare these characteristics in the political and cultural dimensions in Iraq.

The main purpose of this article is to compare the soft power of Iran and the United States in different dimensions from 2014 to 2019 in modern Iraq. The study and analysis of the concept of power is one of the main topics of interest to political scientists, and the exercise of hard and soft power from the beginning of the military occupation of Iraq has been on the US agenda in this country, so in the new field of international politics one The tools that political units use to achieve their national and strategic goals and interests are soft power. At present, Iraq is one of the countries in the Middle East that has a very important place in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Uses its soft power capacities. And this article is explained in the framework of soft power theory and according to the approaches of this theory, the necessities and requirements of the foreign policy of Iran and the United States in Iraq. The present study, using descriptive, analytical and library study methods, has tried to answer the main question and evaluate and analyze it using reliable scientific and research sources.