fariba shahraki sanavi

Families of persons with disabilities who do not have adequate social support do not have proper mental health, and this puts the health of the community at risk. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on self-efficacy and social support on the mental health of families of persons with disabilities.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on 100 families with a child with a disability, with random sampling, in 2022 in Zabol city. The data collection tool, with appropriate validity and reliability, included demographic information, awareness, attitude, self-efficacy, mental health, social support, and a questionnaire on the experiences of received services. The educational intervention was conducted for four weeks and eight educational sessions in the form of question and answer, pamphlet presentation, educational video display, and group discussion. WhatsApp groups were also created to send educational messages. After one month, the post-test was performed. The obtained data were analysed using SPSS23 software and chi-square, t, and logistic regression tests.

There was a statistically significant difference between the mean change scores of awareness, attitude, self-efficacy, mental health, and social support score in the intervention and control groups after the educational intervention (p<0.001). The results of the regression test showed that only the social support structure had a significant effect on the mental health of families of persons with disabilities (P<0.05).

The educational program based on self-efficacy and social support was effective on the mental health of families with a member with a disability. Therefore, it is recommended to implement educational interventions with an emphasis on social support to promote the mental health of families with a member with a disability.

Health-promoting environments are a key focus of the Ottawa Strategic Charter, which aims to enhance health in the workplace and reduce unhealthy behaviors among employees.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health-promoting interventions on the habits of university staff in Southeastern Iran.

This semi-experimental study was conducted from 2020 to 2021 in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran. A total of 254 administrative staff from the University of Medical Sciences and Sistan & Balochistan University were selected using available randomized methods and divided into control and intervention groups. The study instrument was a researcher-designed questionnaire, which demonstrated a content validity ratio (CVR) of 0.8, a Content Validity Index (CVI) ranging from 0.83 to 0.97, and an internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.85. The questionnaire was distributed online via the Porsline platform. For the intervention, training sessions were conducted online, and the session files and training booklet were made available to intervention group staff through the university's education system. A post-test was administered one month after the pretest. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software, with pretest results adjusted using chi-square and ANCOVA statistical tests.

The study found that the mean age of participants was 40.5 ± 7.4 years. Scores for employee knowledge, attitude, and behavior were 80.0 ± 16.4, 86.6 ± 22.8, and 80.8 ± 17.6, respectively. The most significant factors influencing attitudes were education (P < 0.001) and health status (P = 0.001). Type of employment (P = 0.025), work experience (P = 0.017), and health status (P = 0.037) were also significantly associated with behavior. After adjusting for pretest results, there were significant differences between the intervention and control groups in terms of scores for knowledge, attitude, and behavior (P < 0.001).

The study concluded that employees with correct attitudes and healthy behaviors reported better health outcomes. Additionally, educational interventions effectively improved staff knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. To enhance health status, reduce employee disability, decrease absenteeism, and increase organizational productivity, it is recommended to plan and implement workplace health promotion programs focused on employees.

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women, and human papillomavirus infection is the cause of more than 90% of cervical cancers. Since the spread of this virus is increasing and currently, the program of vaccination and prevention of this virus is not included in the plans of the Ministry of Health of Iran, presenting policy challenges and solutions can be an effective step in formulating a policy brief and implementing the vaccination program. This study was conducted in three stages. Firstly, a survey was conducted to assess women's awareness and attitude toward the human papillomavirus in Zahedan. In the next step, a literature review was carried out on the challenges of vaccination cost, number of vaccine doses, and vaccination coverage. Finally, previous studies were used to examine the social and cultural situation of Sistan Baluchistan province. The results demonstrated that half of the participants had moderate to weak knowledge and attitude about this virus, and participants' level of education had a statistically significant relationship with their awareness and attitudes. In addition, due to the low age of marriage, high prevalence of polygamy, and the presence of the youngest population in this province, policy solutions are presented. Educational interventions based on new methods for the target population to prevent and raise awareness and attitude (clips, teasers, animations, and multimedia content) were designed and provided to comprehensive health, broadcasting, and education centers. Vaccination should be given priority in this province. In order to implement the vaccination program, we also need the support of international health organizations.

Policies can guarantee health through health determinants. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the aim of determining and comparing the measures and policies applied to promote health among public universities in southeastern Iran.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 employees working in Sistan and Baluchistan University and Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2021, using available sampling method. Collecting data using a researcher-made questionnaire of workplace health policies in nine dimensions of management and leadership, organization, psychological work environment, physical environment; Chemical and biological work, service provision, safety and health of the work environment, employees, planning, implementation and evaluation were done with proper validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS23 software and frequency tests, t-test, ANOVA and multivariate linear regression. In all tests, p˂ 0.05 was considered as a significant level.

The mean and standard deviation of the health policy implementation score in Sistan and Baluchistan University and Zahedan University of Medical Sciences were 36.6 ± 22.66 and 32.92 ± 22.66 and 36.6 ± 23.30, respectively, and the t-test showed a significant difference. did not (P=0.16). In the univariate test between health policies score with work experience, education, type of employment and organizational position and based on multivariate regression of work experience (P=0.02) and education of employees (P=0.01) showed a statistically significant difference.

The implementation of health policies is related to the well-being of university employees, and it can provide more educational support to enrich the learning and well-being of students. Therefore, it is suggested that health programs and policies in higher education and universities should be given more attention and policy committees in universities should try to implement these policies well.

 The study aims to determine the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of refractive errors and its related factors among the adult population of southeastern Iran.

 The current study included 9280 individuals aged 35 to 70 years using a multistage random sample method from October 2015 to January 2019 as a part of a Persian cohort study in Zahedan. Uncorrected and corrected vision, objective noncycloplegic, and subjective refraction were measured, with all participants undergoing ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, refraction, and retinoscopy. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 statistic software and described as percentage, odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval. Comparisons between groups and relationships among risk factors and refractive errors were performed with chi-square, nominal, and multiple regression analysis.

 The prevalence of low and moderate myopia, high myopia, low and moderate hyperopia, high hyperopia, low and moderate astigmatism, and high astigmatism was 24.2 (95% CI: 22.40 - 25.90), 1.5(95% CI: 0.00 - 3.53), 16.1(95% CI: 14.20 - 17.90), 1.3(95% CI: 0.00 - 3.30), 35.6 (95% CI: 33.90 - 37.30), and 3.8 (95% CI: 1.80 - 5.70) percent, respectively. The prevalence of refractive errors significantly varied across different age groups overall and by sex (P = 0.01). The proportion of refractive errors also significantly differed by education (P = < 0.001). The prevalence of against the rule, with the rule, and oblique astigmatism was 32.8 % (95% CI: 31.10 - 34.20), 42.1% (40.50 - 43.60), and 24.9% (23.10 - 26.60), respectively. The risk of astigmatism was significantly lower in men than in women (OR = 0.75; 95 % CI: 0.60 - 0.90). Based on multiple regression, the risk of myopia (OR = 2.07; 95 % CI: 1.60 - 2.60) and hyperopia (OR = 25.38; 95 % CI: 18.70 - 34.3) was higher in the age group 65 to 75 years compared to the younger group.

 The present study provided valuable information on the prevalence of refractive errors in the adult population in south-eastern Iran. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive eye care services, particularly for older individuals and those with lower education levels. Further prospective research is warranted to explore the factors contributing to refractive errors and to develop effective strategies for its prevention and management.

Osteoporosis is considered a health problem that can be simply prevented by lifestyle modifications in adolescence. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of protection motivation theory (PMT)‑based training on osteoporosis‑preventive behaviors in female high school students in Zahedan, Iran.

The present quasi‑experimental study was performed on 240 female high school students who were selected by a multistage sampling technique in Zahedan in 2019–2020. To collect the data, a multipart questionnaire was distributed among the participants in three stages, namely at the baseline, immediately, and 2 months after the intervention. This instrument consisted of demographic information, socioeconomic status, knowledge, PMT constructs, and preventive behaviors. The intervention group was subjected to educational content. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) by descriptive and analytical tests (i.e., Chi‑square, independent t‑test, and ANOVA).

Based on the results, the intervention and control groups showed no significant difference in terms of the mean score of knowledge, theoretical constructs, and preventive behaviors at the baseline (P > 0.05). However, the two groups were significantly different in terms of the mentioned variables immediately and 2 months after the intervention (P = 0.001). Mean score of preventive behaviors, the two groups also demonstrated a significant difference (i.e., calcium intake, physical activity, and sunlight exposure) 2 months after the intervention, compared to before the intervention. (P = 0.001).

The findings of the present study were indicative of the PMT effectiveness, which can, therefore, be used as a framework for designing educational programs regarding osteoporosis prevention.

A workplace has an important role in staff health. Besides, it is a suitable place for performing interventions to reduce the risk of suffering from health problems associated with physical inactivity and overweight, and to reduce risks of cardiovascular and non-communicable diseases.

This study aims to investigate the effects of health promotion educational interventions on self-care behaviors of nutrition and physical activity among the selected university staff in Zahedan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The present quasi-experimental research was conducted in 2020-2021 in Zahedan, southeastern Iran. The control and intervention groups included a random selectionof 110 and 144 non-academic staff members of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZAUMS) as well as Sistan and Baluchestan University (SBU), respectively. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, an online researcher-made questionnaire (Porsline, https://survey.porsline.ir) (CVR: 92%; CVI: 90%; reliability: 85%) was uploaded, which had been already approved. Besides, educational booklets were provided to the intervention group via WhatsApp and Soroush messengers, through which the participants were allowed to ask their questions after every session. One month after the intervention, the online questionnaires were re-uploaded on Porsline and recompleted by the participants. The results were analyzed using SPSS V21.0.

The results indicated that the self-care behaviors of nutrition and physical activity increased significantly in terms of awareness, attitude, and performance among the intervention group participants after conducting the educational intervention (P-value < 0.05). Accordingly, the educational intervention resulted in an increase in the level of awareness, attitude, and performance of nutrition and physical activity among the university staff of the intervention group. Besides, the performance of physical activity was significantly affected not only by the intervention (P < 0.001) but also by work experience (P < 0.001). In addition, nutrition behavior was significantly better in female staff than male staff (P = 0.048), but there was no significant correlation between gender and the intervention (P = 0.266).

The educational program executed in the present study was shown to be effective in promoting self-care behaviors of nutrition and physical activity among the university staff. Thus, health programmers and policymakers can have a significant role in promoting staff health by executing interventional educational programs. Accordingly, the efficiency of the whole system will improve by adopting these strategies and programs.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a pervasive disease, and its epidemic is spreading around the world. The only way to effectively fight against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is good-quality health. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational intervention program on HIV/AIDS preventive behaviors based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) in vulnerable women residing in peripheral neighborhoods.

This study was a quasi-experimental research conducted among 200 vulnerable women, randomly selected from four community health centers in peripheral neighborhoods in 2019 in Zahedan, Iran. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, containing demographic information, HIV knowledge, and the HBM constructs. Besides, the data were collected before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention in both groups. Data analysis was performed in SPSS (version 24) using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression.

The findings revealed no significant difference in the mean scores of knowledge and the HBM constructs before the educational intervention (P > 0.05). However, after the intervention, this difference was significant in three time intervals (P < 0.05). Despite the effectiveness of the educational intervention in the mean scores of knowledge and the HBM constructs in the intervention group compared with the controls, the largest effect size was observed, respectively, in knowledge (d = 0.762) and perceived barriers (d = 0.612), and the smallest effect size was reported in cues to action (d = 0.421). As well, the F-statistic ratio (0.847) demonstrated that the selected demographic variables had failed to explain variations in knowledge mean scores (P = 0.497).

HBM-based training interventions were positive for HIV/AIDS prevention behaviors. However, training alone does not seem to have enough effect on behavior persistence. Therefore, further research is recommended to investigate the role of predictive factors, especially social determinants of health and their relationship to different parts of the model, to take more effective measures for behavioral stability at the same time as training.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of school‑based interventions on mental health among adolescents in the southeast of Iran.

This interventional quasi‑experimental study included a total of 420 adolescent girls studying 10th grade in the public schools of Zahedan, Iran. Data were collected using general health questionnaire‑28 questionnaire. After pretest, multidimensional interventions (individual education, group education, individual consultations, modern education, and parents’ educational packages) were given to the intervention group from October 2015 to June 2016. After a 3‑month interval, the posttest was conducted in October 2016. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis.

There was a significant statistical difference between the changes in the mental health scores after the intervention among the two study groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, after the intervention, moderate‑to‑severe mental health problems decreased considerably among the students in the intervention group compared to controls. The greatest impact was on individual psychological counseling.

The results of the study showed that by applying group training and individual counseling in the schools improves mental health. Therefore, identifying student problems and parent–teacher cooperation as well as consulting with specialist counselors can be effective in providing practical and effective solutions in this regard. Therefore, findings suggest that prioritizing mental health and taking action on the field are of utmost importance.

 The current study aimed at examining the association of mental health with family relationships and high-risk behaviors among female students in Iran.

 The current cross sectional study was conducted on 457 10th-grade students from four public female high schools in South-Eastern Iran. Information was collected using the General Health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) of mental health and Self-report questionnair of family relationships and high-risk behaviors with good content validity and reliability (α) 0.71. Data were analyzed by linear and binary logistic regression using SPSS version 15.

 The mean scores of mental health and high-risk behaviors of the subjects were 31.06 ± 16.44 (of maximum 84), and 18.03 ± 3.72 (of maximum 78), respectively. The most prevalent problems were associated with social performance scale. Binary logistic regression showed a statistically significant relationship between mental disorders and communication with parents, as well as relationship with opposite gender and sleeping time. A significant correlation was also observed between mental health, family behaviors, relationship with opposite gender, nighttime sleep, being abused by parent, and high-risk behaviors (P < 0.01).

 The results suggest that parent the education and counseling programs should be designed and implemented to protect adolescents and prevent socio-mental problems and high-risk behaviors in them. Such program should also be used as a basis for healthy growth of students.

Educational justice is one of the fundamental dimensions of social justice, and the progress of each society depends on its realization. Since students are engaged in the educational process, recognizing their viewpoints can provide useful guidance to correct existing problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the observance of educational justice from the viewpoint of medical students in southeastern Iran.

This cross‑sectional study was carried out on 200 students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, southeastern Iran, in 2017 by stratified sampling. The tool for measuring organizational justice was a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity method, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (0.8). Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), Chi‑square test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used to analyze data.

The mean age of students was 21.7 ± 2.91 years. Fifty percent of students assessed the educational justice as good to excellent, and based on a general score, educational justice was observed in 73.2% of cases. The one‑way ANOVA showed a significant difference between the scores of educational justice from the viewpoints of students in different faculties of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (P < 0.001).

According to the results, students’ needs for achieving educational justice have been identified in this study. This study can provide useful guidance to correct existing problems and help policymakers in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences to achieve a full educational justice.

Althoughmalaria is in the elimination phase in Iran, cases imported from Afghanistan and Pakistan asmalaria-endemic regions is challenging. Therefore, the present study investigates the experiences of mobile populations about malaria control in Southeastern Iran. A qualitative study was conducted in October 2015. Participant selection was purposive and criteria-based, and a total of 70 migrants and mobile population were selected from Sistan and Baluchistan province, southeast of Iran. Semi-structured indepth interviews were conducted with all of the participants using ten guide questions based on the concepts of the PEN-3 model to examine the views and experiences of the participants about malaria during their travels. The PEN-3 model emphasizes the culture of preventive behaviors or health-promoting behaviors. Content analysis was used for data analysis. According to the PEN-3 model, the most important cultural impediments were the false beliefs about the usefulness of herbal medicines for the treatment of the disease (negative perception), the wrong attitude of being protected from the disease due to holding certain jobs (negative perception), the belief in destiny and God’s will with respect to the incidence of diseases (negative enabler), and eating native plants for the prevention of the disease (existential nurturer). Malaria prevention program should focus on the cultural characteristics of immigrants for effective interventions to control malaria.

The children working in the streets are at risk of violence, sexual and substance abuse and infectious diseases. Few studies have been done in this field in Iran and around the world.. This study aimed to assess the health status and life situation of street children to encourage and inform interventions and the future research agenda regarding these children in Iran..Patients and This cross-sectional study was conducted in southeast of Iran from January to April 2015. Based on postal map, the city was divided into five districts and 216 male street children were selected using snowball sampling. An unstructured questionnaire was provided by integrating eight previously used questionnaires in different studies with approved validity and reliability and filled with in-depth interview. Data were analyzed in Stata 12 software using independent t-test and chi-square test.. The mean age of the subjects was 12.5 ± 3.2 years and 29.2% and 18.9% of them subsisted by vending and rubbish gathering, respectively. There was significant relation between fathers’ job and type of children’s activities (P = 0.024). The prevalence of smoking and history of alcohol consumption was 42.6% and 2%, respectively. The lowest mean age of initial use and also the most commonly used substance was for cigarette smoking. The mean age of children with illiterate parents that were using substances or had lost both their parents was lower than the mean age of the rest (P < 0.05). Only 38.6% of the children ate meals with their families and the rest ate their meals as snack.. The health status and life situation of street children in this region do not seem appropriate and earning money is the most important motivation to being a street child. Unlike violence, the tendency to substance abuse, especially cigarette smoking, was pretty high. On the other hand, the lower age of illicit drug abuse among these children in this study indicates a higher vulnerability of this group. However, the awareness and educational level of the parents is an important determinant in this regard..

Health Belief Model is a comprehensive model in helping prevent diseases. According to this method, individuals who get sensitive to breast cancer are more motivated for a regular self-breast examination. Considering the 24 % of breast cancer in Iran placing the third leading cause of death in women, the present study was carried out to investigate the impact of teaching two methods of self-examination, based on health belief model, on knowledge, attitude and performance of school teachers in Zahedan. In this quasi –experimental study, the impact of two education methods (lecture & simulation) was investigated on knowledge, attitude (HBM) and performance as pretest and posttest on 100 school teachers in a multi-stage random sampling with inclusion criteria of at least 25 years of age, without a family history of breast cancer, and majoring in fields unrelated to medicine on Zahedan school teachers in 2008-2009’. Data were collected via standardized Champion questionnaire designed based on Health Belief Model and, then, analyzed applying SPSS V.15 and T paired, T students, correlation Pearson and, linear regression tests. Changes of knowledge, attitude (HBM) and performance mean scores obtained by paired T- test was significant in the both groups. However, between the two groups, only the performance mean score of the two groups was significantly different. Perceived severity Structures and self-efficacy showed a direct association with performance, while perceived barriers were inversely associated with performance. The only predictive variable of effective learning based on linear regression was health motivation. The current study confirmed efficacy of health belief model on promotion behavior of self-breast examination. Therefore, this model can eliminate barriers which lower self-efficacy in breast cancer and self-breast examination. It also provides a motivation in learning self-breast examination.

A qualitative study was carried out on 200 pregnant women attending obstetric offices and Imam Ali Women''s Clinic in Zahedan, Iran during January 2010 to August 2011. Twenty-nine focus group discussions (FGDs) with 5-8 participants in each group were formed. The study included women in the third trimester of pregnancy with the intention or decision to undergo elective cesarean section. The women''s views were explored and analyzed in group sessions. Subsequently, the responses were divided into four major categories. The majority (50%) of the opinions expressed were psychological in origin, or stemmed from low perceived behavioral control, improper subjective norms, or wrong attitudes about vaginal delivery. Twenty-nine focus group discussions (FGDs) with 5-8 participants in each group were formed. The study included women in the third trimester of pregnancy with the intention or decision to undergo elective cesarean section. The women''s views were explored and analyzed in group sessions. The responses were divided into four major categories. The majority (50%) of the opinions expressed were psychological in origin, or stemmed from low perceived behavioral control, improper subjective norms, or wrong attitudes about vaginal delivery. It is necessary to hold psychological skills training classes for pregnant women and their husbands to persuade them attend group discussion sessions to increase their control on perceived behavior, highlight their positive attitudes and direct them toward natural vaginal delivery.

Cesarean section is growing increasingly in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to find out an appropriate training method for encouraging pregnant women toward performing vaginal delivery. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of two training methods including educational package plus group discussion, with educational package to encourage pregnant women for performing vaginal delivery. A quasi-experimental study was carried out on a sample of 100 pregnant women who referred to the obstetricians’ offices in Zahedan in 2011-12. Pregnant women included in study if they were in the third trimester of pregnancy with the intention or decision to elective cesarean section. After performing the pretests, they were voluntarily classified in one of the two educational groups including the educational package plus group discussion(group A), or educational package(group B). After a month of waiting time posttest was conducted. Data was analyzed using independent T, paired T and Chi-Square Tests. The Comparison of mean and standard deviation of knowledge scores between pregnant women in two groups showed no significant difference after training. However there was significant difference between attitude (p<0.05), perceived behavior control (p<0.001), behavioral intention (p<0.05), subjective norm and behavior (p<0.001) of women in two groups after training. Both methods increased knowledge of participants. In comparison group discussion method (group A) has more effectively increased other constructs of the model and significantly improved normal vaginal delivery behavior. This might be due to increased motivation, and decision making ability and skills of women experiencing group discussions.

The purpose of this paper was to study the influence of family communication patterns on quality of life in adolescents. The research is a Cross-Sectional study (descriptive-analytical) carried out in Zahedan. Statistical population consisted of 439 high-school students who participated in our investigations through arbitrary sampling method. Family communication pattern questionnaire - based on the revised version of family communication pattern (RFCP) test was used, and, standard KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire was applied in order to analyze the quality of life. Results indicated that, concerning family relation patterns, pluralistic (38, 7%) and then consensual (34, 6%) patterns assumed the largest abundance among the families. Results of enter multivariate regression analysis revealed that there is significant relationships between the independent variables of family relation patterns and all dimensions of life quality, except for the dimension of social acceptance. Also, ANOVA test showed that there is a significant relationship between adolescents’ life quality and family communication patterns (p<0/01). It can be generally concluded that the more family environment provides conditions for easy dialogue, the healthier and richer the children get.