farid barati

Superovulation is a crucial component of assisted reproductive technology. Inducing superovulation with Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) can lead to ovarian hyperstimulation, potentially affecting reproductive outcomes.

This study aimed to examine the effects of GnRH treatment on superovulation response and embryo recovery in Holstein heifers.

Twenty-one Holstein heifers (age: 135.15 months; weight: 361.05 kg) were selected based on their general health status and ovarian function. All heifers received two consecutive doses of prostaglandin F2α and underwent superovulation. The heifers were inseminated twice: Once at the onset of standing estrus and again 12 hours later. In the treatment group (13 heifers), a single dose of GnRH was administered simultaneously with the second insemination. The superovulation response was evaluated based on the number of corpus luteum (CL), unovulated follicles (UoF), total recovered embryos/ova, and the number of transferable embryos, using logistic regression with the GENMOD procedure in SAS.

The mean number of CL was not significantly greater in the control group (13.6) compared to the GnRH group (11.4). The average number of UoF was similar between the two groups (P = 0.1853). However, the control group had a significantly higher average total number of recovered embryos/ova (7.7) compared to the GnRH group (2.1). Additionally, the control group progesterone more transferable embryos, with an average of 2.5, while the GnRH group averaged 0.7 (P < 0.0062).

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone likely deactivated the oviduct by disrupting the balance of estradiol and estrogen, leading to a reduction in both the total number of embryos and the number of transferable embryos in heifers.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines may contribute to physiological, e.g., tissue reconstruction and vascularization, or pathological, e.g., inflammation or some metabolic disturbances, processes during pregnancy establishment. The current study aimed to investigate IL-6 plasma levels at 30 and 45 days post-insemination (dpi) in pregnant and non-pregnant dairy cows. The cows were examined for pregnancy diagnosis at 30 and 45 dpi. Cows (n=71) were assigned into four groups: Non-pregnant at 30 dpi (n=16), pregnant at 30 dpi (n=36), non-pregnant at 45 dpi (n=11), and pregnant at 45 dpi (n=8). Blood samples were collected at 30 and 45 dpi for IL-6 assay. Results showed high levels of plasma IL-6 at 30 dpi either cow-conceived or not. Cows with healthy embryos at 45 dpi had lower concentrations of IL-6 than cows with late embryonic death. The plasma IL-6 concentrations showed different patterns of changes in dairy cows during the first two months of pregnancy.

Bromocriptine ((BRM); as a dopaminergic agent) reduces the serum prolactin, and is one of the most routine drugs to induce a successful estrus cycle in bitches. Some clinical side effects are accompanying this drug. This study aimed to investigate the hemodynamics of the uterine artery (UA) following administration of the increasing doses of BRM. In a case-control study, five non-pregnant bitches of mixed breeds in the anestrus stage received daily oral doses of BRM on days 1 and 2 (100, µg/kg), days 3 and 4 (200 µg/kg), and days 5 onward (400 µg/kg) until turning into proestrus. Three bitches, with expressed estrus without any intervention, were considered as control. The vaginal cytology, the ultrasound examination, and the serum progesterone (P4) assay were performed at 2-3 day intervals. Proestrus was induced within 6.6±1.17 days following BRM treatment. BRM significantly lowered the serum P4 to 15.1±0.78 compared to the control group (21.5±1.13 ng/mL) during induced estrus. BRM significantly changed UA hemodynamics over the days before proestrus. Mean UA pulse index, resistance index, and peak systolic velocity in BRM-induced estrus were significantly lower than the control group. The results of this study showed lower serum P4 levels and some alterations in the canine uterine hemodynamic during BRM-induced estrus compared to naturally expressed estrus. Induced cycle in dogs with lower serum P4 levels and altered UA hemodynamics must be considered for subsequent pregnancy outcomes in the BRM induced-estrus.

Regarding expansion of Litopenaeus vanamei culture in Iran, and the necessity to work on its reproduction system, conducting a research on its biological reproduction and sexual properties is of high value and sexual properties. Then in this study morphological properties of L. vanamei's sperm were evaluated using phase contrast microscope, Atomic Force Microscopy technique and Electronic microscope. Wight of testis and spermotophore as well as density and survival rate of sperms were measured in L. vanamei.  For this purpose, 20 mature male L. vanamei (35.37 ±4.3) were transferred from a local shrimp hatchery to laboratory. Biometrical indices as well as reproductive properties of shrimp (density, diameter and size of sperms, spermatophore weight and melanisation) were measured. Correlation coefficient between all indices were measured too. Results showed that testis and spermatophore weight were 0.18±o.01g and 0.08±0.01g respectively. Sperm count, survival rate and diameter of sperms were 41.19±3.83 per µl, %69.69±%2.39 and 39.36±10.8 respectively. The highest correlation coefficient was seen between shrimp weight and testis weight (R=0.958), sperm diameter (R=0.91) and sperm survival (R=0.716) respectively, although there was no significant correlation between abnormal sperm or melanized spermatophores and other biometrical indices.

The necessity of success and sound performance of companies is the existence of a strong corporate governance structure to better monitor management and use conservatism to improve financial performance. Present study investigates the effect of corporate governance and political connections on accounting conservatism of companies of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical sample of the study is collected by systematic deletion from the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2013 to 2020, the size of which is 140 firms. To test the research hypothesis pooled data regression method is used. The results of the research hypothesis test indicate that the board size does not have a significant positive effect on accounting conservatism. Board independence, audit quality and management ownership have a positive and significant effect on accounting conservatism of companies listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Also the results show that government ownership and political connections have a negative and significant effect on accounting conservatism in firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange

Uterine diseases are common problem that influence the reproductive output in dairy farm. Different factors include metabolic disturbances may affect the uterine defense mechanism and contribute at postpartum uterine disease occurrence. The routine metabolic profile is measurements of net values of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and glucose (Glc) in cow serum. The present study aimed to look at the ratios of the energy metabolic products during the transition period and investigate their relationship with bovine clinical endometritis. The weekly serum samples were collected from 100 dairy cows during the transition period (2 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks postpartum). In the clean test (Day 30 postpartum), 16 cows were selected, and assigned in a case-control repeated measure design into two groups as clinical endometritis (CE: n=8) or healthy cows (n=8). The respective serum samples of the cows were assayed for NEFA, BHBA, and Glc. All the measurement units were converted to mM/L and the ratios were calculated. The trend of changes in the ratios of NEFA to BHBA was in a steady state in healthy cows during the transition period, while it raised at the time of parturition in the CE group (P<0.05). While the significant increase in NEFA to Glc ratio started after parturition in healthy cows, it was begun to increase before parturition in CE. The trend of changes in the energy metabolite ratios during the transition is different in CE compared to healthy dairy cows.

Effective internal audit performance, with the help of management and board members to assess and improve corporate governance, internal control and corporate governance processes, create an added value for an organization. the aim of this study is investigating the moderating role of audit committee characteristics on the efficiency of internal auditors performance and the effectiveness of internal controls in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The hypotheses of the study were investigated by sample of 120 in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 1392 to 1398. in this regard, two hypotheses were formulated.the results of the first hypothesis indicate that the size of the audit committee will moderate the positive and significant relationship between internal audit unit size and internal controls effectiveness as well as the results of the second hypothesis of study indicate that the audit committee financial expertise is positively and significant between internal audit committee characteristics and internal controls; thus, it is necessary to provide a more serious consideration of the quality of the internal audit committee.

Vitrification removed many of the problems related to cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos. On the hand, some problems related to in vitro produced embryos may indicate any alteration in embryonic genome transcription. The present study aimed to investigate whether oocyte vitrification may alter expression of a gene that can change following environmental stress, i. e., HSP70 or not. Total of 120 immature germinal vesicle stage ovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) were retrieved from abattoir collected ovine ovaries. The COCs were subjected to vitrification in HTCM based (with 20% FBS) media as V1: DMSO (10 %), Ethylene glycol (10 %) for 30 min, V2: DMSO (10 %), Ethylene glycol (10 %) and 0.5 M sucrose immediately left on the cryotop device and immersed within liquid nitrogen. At least after 48 hrs of vitrification, the oocytes were warmed in warming solutions as W1: basic medium with 1 M sucrose, W2: basic medium and 0.5 M sucrose and W3 basic medium and 0.25 M sucrose, each of them for 5 min. The vitrified-warmed COCs (n=60) and fresh COCs (n=60) were subjected to routine IVM, IVF and IVC procedures of the laboratory with SOF based media. The developmental stages of oocytes were compared and the expression rate of HSP70 to an average of β-actin and B2m genes expressions were compared between blastocysts and oocytes before and after vitrification. The results of the study showed the impact of vitrification of germinal vesicle stage oocytes on the next developmental competence of the respected embryos in all stages. The expression of HSP70 was significantly different between oocytes and blastocysts; however the vitrification of immature ovine oocytes did not affect the expression rate of HSP70 in oocytes the respective blastocysts. In conclusion, vitrification does not affect  the vitrified ovine immature oocytes and the next developed blastocysts.

Catgut was enriched with copper sulfate nanoparticles (CSNPs@Catgut), in order to develop a new composited suture with antibacterial and healing properties. Introducing copper sulfate nanoparticles to catgut was performed using a reverse micro-emulsion technique. It is an interesting method because of easy handling and relatively low costs. In the revers micro-emulsion medium, nano-spherical structures containing the salt solution are created. The nano-spheres penetrate into catgut fibers and precipitate after drying to form the salt nanoparticles. The prepared CSNPs@Catgut was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XDR) technique, tensile strength, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity tests. XRD and SEM confirmed the CuSO4 nanoparticles formation and grafting on catgut surface. Antibacterial properties were illustrated by E. coli inhibition zone and CSNPs@Catgut showed a significant antibacterial activity compare with catgut. Results of cytotoxicity tests showed no difference between CSNPs@Catgut and catgut. The mechanical strength was improved and increased from 4.16 mm to 10.00 mm. Tissue reaction showed that necrosis and inflammatory cells were reduced from acute to subacute on day 14. Therefore, CSNPs@Catgut can be introduced as a reliable candidate for wound management.

Since the the natural delivery mechanism is related to the immunologic process, it is possible that level of different Inflammatory factors involved in immune responses (IL-6 as Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine) may change in the near-parturition time (before and after parturition). The aim of this study is evulation of IL-6 level change in the ewe, one week before until one week after Parturition. For this purpose a total 4 pregnant ewes in the second term of their conception, are selected. Preservation and feeding was same for all of them. Blood sampling were taken from Jugular vein by means of nonobjective and vacuum pipe (5-7cc each 24h, one week before parturition until one week after it). The blood samples for serum separation, were transferred to laboratory and after serum separation, for prevention of otolysis and destruction of immune chains were put in -70ċ. IL-6 was measured useing of specific kit and by Elisa test (Enzyme-linked immunodeficient assay). Results were showed that in the different days before and after parturition the level of IL-6 has slightly changed that is insignificant (P = 0.7625). In total result showed that serum level of IL-6 in different times of parturition doesn’t affect.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of curcumin nanoparticles (CNP) on stress oxidative following experimental ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat testes.

Experimental Study Animals- Seventy-seven healthy male Wistar rats Procedures-The animals weighing approximately 250 g were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n = 18): Ischemia: torsion group (created by 720° rotation of testis on both sides for 2 h). Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R): torsion for 2 h followed distortion, CNP 10: received 10 mg/kg IP administration of CNP 30 min before surgery then remaining testes were twisted and untwisted, CNP 20: received 20 mg/kg IP administration of CNP 30 min before surgery then remaining testicles were twisted and untwisted. Unilateral orchiectomy of left or right testicles was performed on days 0 and 12 with immediately sampling. Some twisted then untwisted testicles were remained and sampled 60 days after surgery. An additional group was considered (n=5) to be sampled without any operation as control group. The samples of testicular tissue homogenates were taken on Days 0, 12 and 60, and their liquid extracts were collected and assayed for Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The effect of treatment and day of sampling on the variables was analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA.

The results of the study showed an ameliorated balance of GPX, SOD and MDA following testicular torsion in this study. The CNP treated animals (with both administered doses) showed significantly improved the balance of the enzymes compared to untreated animals (p<0.0001). Conclusion and clinical relevance- In conclusion, IP administration of CNP may be helpful in minimizing oxidative stress related enzymes following testicular ischemia-reperfusion in rat.

Scorpion envenomation is a main general health problem in developing countries, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Hemiscorpius lepturus as a member of the Hemiscorpiidae family is cause of the most scorpion sting lethality in Iran. In the present study, the oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in serum of envenomated sheep with the venom of Hemiscorpius lepturus were investigated. Nine sheep were randomly divided into three groups (three in each). Groups A, B and C received 0.10, 0.05 and 0.01 mg kg-1 of H. lepturus venom subcutaneously, respectively. Blood sampling were performed 30 min before envenomation (control) and 30 min, 1, 2, 3 and 6 hr after envenomation and serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malonedialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) were determined. The TAC was significantly increased at the doses of 0.10 mg kg-1 (at 3 hr) and 0.05 mg kg-1 (at 6 hr) compared to pre-injection time. However, no significant differences were observed in serum levels of MDA and PCO in different groups. It can be concluded that the dose of 0.01 mg kg-1 of venom had no effect on stress factors of serum, but according to increased level of TAC at the doses of 0.05 and 0.10 and no significant changes in serum levels of MDA and PCO, the oxidative damage has been prevented by the antioxidant defense system response.

 In the developed countries, one of the leading causes of death is cancer. Cancer cells with their unique and destructive characteristics impose high costs on communities.

 In this study, we will review the latest cancer researches and diagnostic tools.

 Existing technologies, using clinical markers and studying the polymeric screeners of cancer cells, have created kits that make cancer diagnosis at early stages. The study of the survival mechanism in malaria and honey bee and the development of bacterial engineering has created new approaches to create powerful tools for cancer detection and control.

 The completion of these processes will create the potential for cancer eradication. Study of the survival mechanisms in nature and purposive modeling of it will lead to provide many solutions to solve the problems. These studies can lead to develop accurate diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

The thyroid gland, as one of the important endogenous glands of the body, controls the physiological function of other organs by secretion of T3 and T4. Alteration in thyroid hormone concentrations may influence the function of different organs and express various clinical symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different environmental and physiological parameters on serum thyroid hormones (T4, T3, FT4 and FT3) concentrations of Arab horses in Khuzestan province. Blood samples were collected from 240 horses during four different seasons. The ELISA method was used for hormone assay. The results were analyzed using SAS software. The results indicate that the serum concentrations (Least square means±standard error of mean) of T4, T3, FT4 and FT3 were 45.1±1.4 (nmol/L), 1.5±0.03(nmol/L), 13.6±0.31(pmol/L) and 5.5±0.12 (pmol/L), respectively. The serum levels of the hormones were higher in winter (cold season) than summer (warm season). There was no significant difference between female and male. Foals had higher serum levels of the hormones than other age groups (p<0.05). The environmental and physiological conditions significantly influenced the serum concentration of hormones as in pregnant horses it was less than non-pregnant females.

Objective (s): The last evaluation of addiction conditions in Iran in 2008 showed that 70% of the addicts in Iran are employed and about 10% of them have started drug taking in their workplaces. The addiction prevention program in workplaces were practically piloted in 5 provinces in 2003 and generalized to the whole country from 2004. This study was carried out to evaluate the program in order to improve its implementation. This analytical descriptive research has been implemented according to health program evaluation method. Data has been collected through reviewing documents of the program history and monitoring since it was established, intensive group discussion sessions with Welfare Organization local authorities, interviewing 10 well-informed individuals, and interviewing program intermediary experts in 58 workplaces. All data were classified in three general categories as achievements, challenges, and techniques to promote the program; and it was finalized in the project steering committeel, and future trends were proposed to develop and promote the program. The most important achievement of the program from the viewpoint of individuals studied has been awareness and sensitivity increase in employers and employees on addiction. The secondary effect was decline in addiction in workplaces and increase in productivity, absenteeism and leave reduction. The most important challenges of the program have a nearly equal contribution in all three legal-political (macro), operational- structural (middle), and cultural- behavioral (micro) domains. The most important proposed techniques to promote the program were service pack revision, preparing simple and comprehensive style sheet with all stakeholders’ incorporation, signing an agreement with employers and employees representatives, and applying encouraging methods for employers at local levels. Although there was inadequate periodic data to compare indicators of addiction incidence and prevalence in workplaces, evaluation relied upon ideas of three stakeholders (authorities, intermediary experts, and local facilitators) who were satisfied with the program implementation and required it to be continued and amended. Long-term intervention are needed to include addiction prevention program into health promotion programs in work places and attempt to legalize them. However, in short term service pack revision of addiction prevention in workplaces with incorporation of employers’ representatives, employees, workplace intermediary experts, provincial authorities; environmental rehabilitation and justification at local level and workplaces, are recommended.

There are many studies focused on long or short storage time of epididymal sperm (EPS) of different species. There are limited studies on preservation or cryopreservation of the domestic goat EPS. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ex vivo cold-storage on freezing of EPS from goat (Capra hircus). In a split-plot design the caprine testes-epididymides (40 pairs) were divided to 4 storage-time groups equally (0, 24, 48 and 72 h), then subjected to cryopreservation using Bioxell. Sperm parameters were analyzed before and after freezing. Duration of cold-storage as well as freezing at all storage-time points reduced sperm viability and progressive motility while increased sperm tail abnormalities (p<0.0001). Freezing reduced the percentage of cytoplasmic droplets (p<0.0001). The percentage of detached heads was increased at all storage-time points following freezing (p=0.0019), except at time 0 h. It can be concluded that cold storage [in refrigerator (4oC) for 72 h] of epididymides efficiently protected the goat EPS in terms of progressive motility and viability. However, cold-storage may not protect the goat EPS against cryopreservation with Bioxell

Sesame seeds contain large amounts of antioxidants and phytoestrogens، and it has been shown that the leaf extract of this plant may have some beneficial effects on the reproductive parameters of male rats. Thus we tested the effects of the sesame oil on these parameters of reproductivity in male rats.

Fifteen mature male Wistar male rats were divided into the control and sesame oil groups. For eight weeks the control and sesame oil groups were fed the basic rat diet and basic rat diet supplemented with 5% sesame oil respectively. Following blood collection and euthanasia the epididymal sperm were counted، the morphology of testes was accessed، and leydig، sertoli، spermatogonia and spermatocyts cells were counted in histological sections of the testes. The level of testosterone and estradiol 17- β were measured.

Consumption of 5% sesame oil compared to control group، decreased blood glucose and increased the epididymal sperm count and progressive motility and the number of spermatogonia of seminiferous tubule (P<0. 05)، but had no effect on weight and testicular morphology.

This study showed that the sesame oil consumption improves some reproductive parameters، which may be related to the antioxidative and phytostrogenic properties of the sesame oil or insulin action improvement.

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of histologic thyroids lesions and the respective thyroid hormones changes of ewes in an endemic goiter region and to find out any impact of this condition on the fetal thyroid structures and serum thyroid hormones. In the present study a total number of 100 pregnant ewes and their fetuses slaughtered at slaughterhouse were selected for the study. The sera were prepared from the jugular vein blood of ewes and fetuses umbilical cords. The ewes and fetuses thyroids subjected to histopathological examination and radioimmunoassay procedure was used for sera T3 and T4 assay. The results showed a high prevalence of thyroid lesions in ewes and their fetuses. The different kinds of lesions including cysts, follicular hyperplasia, hemorrhage and inflammation were seen in ewes. In the fetuses thyroid structural changes were cysts resemble structures; hemorrhage and hyperemia. Mean T4 concentration was significantly higher in the ewes with pathologic thyroid compared to normal animals. However, there was not any significant difference between pathologic and normal ewes’ thyroids on serum T3. Although, existence of lesions on fetal thyroids did not affect the serum concentrations of T4 and T3, there was a significant correlation between T4 and T3 serum concentrations of fetuses and their age. In conclusion, the significant prevalence of fetal and maternal thyroid pathological changes in the endemic goiter region raises a question about probable congenital source of these variations. The thyroid lesions significantly influenced the functions of mothers'' gland but not fetuses.

Control of the medium osmolarity and temperature during long or short time sperm manipulation is essential.

The objectives of the present study were to find the effects of different osmolarities of modified Tyrode's solution and milk on the bull sperm during incubation at above zero temperatures.

Semen samples were collected twice from five Najdi bull. Centrifuged and most parts of seminal plasma were removed. First experiment: The concentrated semen were splited into nine aliquots to incubate in three different osmolarities (200, 300 and 400 mOsm) at three temperatures (5, 25 and 39°C) for 15 and 60 min of incubation. Second experiment: The semen samples were splited, mixed with the same volume of whole cow milk (5 and 25°C) and milk with 7% glycerol (5°C) and incubated for 15 and 60 min.

Sperm motility severely affected (p<0.05) by incubation at low ionic tension (200 mOsm/l) especially at low temperature (5°C). The impact of low osmolarity on sperm viability can reduce by increasing the incubation temperature to 39°C. The decreased sperm motility, which was induced by lowering osmolarity, was not improved (p>0.05) by increasing temperature during 1 h of incubation. Milk can protect the sperm viability and motility at cool conditions and there is no beneficial effect of glycerol in combination of milk on sperm incubation at above zero temperatures (p<0.05).

Iso- and hyper-osmotic solutions protect bull sperm motility and viability at 25 and 39°C, while milk can be used for protecting sperm at 5°C.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of communication skills and social problem solving training on self- esteem and Intelligence Quotient (IQ), in third grade students. A pre test and post test experimental design were chosen in this study. Forty eight, third grade students were randomly selected and divided into case and control groups. The intervention group was trained through a communication and social problem solving skills program for 15 sessions. The WISC-R and Pope and McHale self-esteem questionnaire were used obtaining for data collection. T-test was utilized for data analysis. The statistical analysis of the pretest and post-test scores revealed that the training did significantly improve IQ and self-esteem scores among the case study group (P<0.05). The finding indicates a positive relationship between communication and social problem solving skills with self esteem and IQ.