fateme rahimikian

Labor pain is an unpleasant experience for most women and can affect their birth satisfaction. This study investigated the effects of ice pack application on pain intensity in the active phase of labor and on birth satisfaction among primiparous women.
Methods & Materials: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on ninety primiparous women. Participants were randomly allocated to either an intervention or a control group. In the intervention group, an ice pack was placed on the sacral area of each participant in the active phase of labor for ten minutes. This intervention was repeated every thirty minutes up to the beginning of the second stage of labor. In both groups, labor pain intensity was assessed before and every one hour after intervention onset and birth satisfaction was assessed 24 hours after delivery. Data were analyzed through the SPSS software (v. 22.0).
Groups did not significantly differ from each other respecting participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics. Throughout the study intervention, labor pain intensity increased in both groups; however, the increase in the control group was significantly greater than the intervention group (P Without any significant side effects, ice pack application can significantly reduce pain intensity during the active phase of labor. Thus, this intervention is recommended for labor pain alleviation.

Burnout is a breakdown that affects on person's biopsychosociallife. Midwifery has stressful nature therefore the purpose of this study was evaluation of burnout dimensions and their relation with professional and personal factors in midwives.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 on 300 midwives working in educational hospitals and health centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher made questionnaire including professional and personal factors and the Maslach burnout inventory questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16, independent t-tests, ANOVA, Tukey, and multivariate regression.P value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant.

Significant relationships were found in age and number of children with depersonalization (p=0.003 and p=0.013, respectively); education, shift work and overtime rate with emotional exhaustion (p=0.05, (p=0.003 and p=0.003, respectively); housing status with individual failure (p=0.004); workplace with three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion (p=0.00), depersonalization (p=0.05) and individual failure (p=0.04)) and also interest in job with three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion (p=0.00), depersonalization (p=0.004) and individual failure (p=0.002)). In regression analysis, age, housing status, workplace, shift work and interest in job showed significant positive correlation with dimensions of burnout (p≤0.05).

Level of decreased personal accomplishment in midwives is high and professional and personal factors such as age, education level, number of children, housing status, workplace, shift work, overtime rate and interest in job have significant relationship with burnout and its dimensions.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is defined as “individual behavior that is discretionary، not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system، and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization.” The concept of organizational citizenship behavior، despite the highly importance especially in the midwifery، has received a little attention in the literature. This research was aimed to study OCB among midwives in Lorestan province. This cross-sectional، descriptive study was conducted among 384 midwives working in state hospitals and health centers in Lorestan recruitedby a multi stage cluster sampling. The respondents were asked to complete Podsak off organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire which encompasses five dimensions of OCB including sportsmanship، civil virtue، conscientiousness، altruism and courtesy. The data obtained was analyzed by using SPSS21 software. The results of this research showed that most of the respondents had desirable total Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The quality of dimensions of conscientiousness and courtesy were desirable while the quality of sportsmanship، civil virtue and altruism were relatively desirable. This research demonstrates the existence of high level of OCB among the midwives. The results can be used for furtherdevelopmentof health management strategies for enhancement of OCB. Researchers hope that the results of this study provide new possibilities for future studies to assess work ethic and organizational citizenship behavior (definition، related factors and outcomes).