fatemeh amirian

While significant randomized clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of bariatric surgery in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, there remains a notable gap in research exploring the potential risks associated with this procedure in patients with both diabetes and obesity. Despite the compelling evidence of its benefits, the associated risks and mortality outcomes specific to this patient population have not been extensively investigated. To better understand the relationship between bariatric surgery and these potential risks, as well as mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes, comprehensive observational studies are essential. 

This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines for article selection. Relevant articles were identified by searching keywords related to bariatric surgery, metabolic surgery, diabetes, and type 2 diabetes. These keywords were combined and searched across databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 4 articles met the criteria and were included in the final analysis. 

Among the 4 articles related to bariatric surgery and adverse diabetes outcomes in patients with diabetes and obesity, it can be concluded that although bariatric surgery offers many advantages, including a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and the achievement of stable glycemic control, it also has certain disadvantages. 

Although bariatric surgery offers many benefits, it also presents significant risks for patients with diabetes and a BMI of 35 or higher. These risks may lead to various complications, including worsening of diabetic retinopathy and severe hypoglycemia.

The purpose of the current research is to design a consolidated curriculum model for the fourth grade of elementary school with a thematic approach. For this purpose, qualitative content analysis has been used. The research community includes all textbooks and teacher's guides for the fourth grade of the academic year 1402-03. In order to prepare a practical guide for the consolidated curriculum suitable for the fourth grade, sampling was omitted and the entire research community was investigated. Information was collected by check. A four-step coding process was used in data analysis. First, semantic units were extracted by carefully examining each book. In the next step, semantic units were coded. In the third step, through grouping, the codes that had something in common were classified. In the last stage of the relationship between the classification of codes, the subject or theme and the main theme were determined. The validity of the integrated themes was assessed by 10 teachers with experience in the fourth grade of elementary school and 5 professors of Farhangian University in the Department of Educational Sciences specializing in elementary school education. The final results showed 9 main themes, which include: important needs, financial literacy, scientific, literary and religious figures, institutions, similarities and differences, change, kindness, effort, protection; is. Finally, based on the theme of the needs, a consolidated model of the fourth grade was set. Therefore, it can be concluded that the skills and concepts of the fourth grade have integrated themes, and it is possible to design and implement a consolidated curriculum model in the fourth grade, which causes students to learn more deeply.

This research has investigated the position of cultural capital components in elementary school textbooks.Metods: For this purpose, the method of content analysis has been used. The statistical population of the research included the content of all the textbooks of the second elementary school in the academic year 2023-24, including the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades, and from this population, Persian books, social studies, and heavenly gifts were selected as samples. The research tool includes the content analysis list of cultural capital components according to Bourdieu's theory, which was prepared before this research, and its validity was recalculated through content validity and its reliability through Scott's method with 91.20%. Descriptive statistics and Shannon's entropy method were used to analyze the data.

The findings show that among the components of cultural capital, which include objectified cultural capital, institutionalized cultural capital, and embodied cultural capital; Objectified cultural capital has the largest share with 1837 frequency and 54.25%, and the lowest is related to institutionalized cultural capital with 86 frequency and 2.53%. The embodied cultural capital also consists of 1463 abundance and 43.20%. Also, the lowest information load and the importance factor related to the institutionalized dimension are equal to 0.25 and 0.03, and the highest information load and the importance factor related to the embodied dimension are equal to 0.37 and 0.18.

Therefore, it can be concluded that considering By allocating 33.73% of the content of the elementary course books to the components of cultural capital, the authors of the textbooks of this course have been able to use the capabilities of the textbooks to reflect the components of cultural capital.

This study aims to design an air purifier façade as a secondary skin façade for the five-story Pars Hospital. The main purpose of this study is to equip the existing buildings’ facades in urban areas with a high percentage of air pollution by an air purifier skin to increase the lifecycle of facades and improve those buildings’ users’ well-being. To choose the case study, three factors were taken into consideration. First, based on the statistics of the air quality monitoring stations, district 6 of Tehran was selected as one of the most polluted and sensitive areas of the city. This is rooted in its central location in the structure of the city, the concentration of administrative, commercial, educational, and recreational zones, as well as the high volume of daily traffic in it. Then, this research focuses on the medical centers and hospitals located in this area and specifically along Keshavarz Boulevard, which is home to many medical centers and hospitals, and from this point of view, it is one of the sensitive and fragile axes in front of air pollution. Eventually, among the medical centers located on this axis, Pars Hospital was selected as the case study due to its specific visitors, patients with respiratory and lung malfunctions, and their priority need for fresh air. Simulation based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used as the research method. In this process, through several stages of simulation and analysis of different parameters with the use of Energy Plus software and Design Builder user interface (v6.1.0.6), an optimal design is presented for a secondary skin, accompanied by a significant increase in air velocity and a decrease in the concentration of pollutants. At simulation time, attention to the studied climate and considering the principles of passive design, are the most important factors in determining the optimal behavior of the building façade, for this purpose in the simulation process, weather information of Tehran city will be used as a database using Energy Plus software with Design Builder user interface.Findings are:1- The optimal distance of the cavity is 150 cm, if the depth of the cavity is less than 150 cm, the cavity of the double-skin façade will benefit more from the stack effect and lead to more heating of the cavity, and if the depth of the cavity is higher than 150 cm, the cavity of the double-skin façade, will not benefit from the stack effect and the temperature of the cavity will decrease, but according to the simulations if the depth of the cavity is considered to be 150 cm, the temperature and size of the cavity will be suitable for growing air pollution absorbing plants and also, the amount of air circulation is done well. 2- For equal distribution of airflow in the cavity, this space should be separated by the floors. 3- Optimal ventilation mode is outside to inside. In this ventilation mode, the purpose is to provide, clean air for breathing, reduce the concentration of pollutants in the cavity, and remove pollutants and polluted air from Pars Hospital. With the increase of fresh air exchange, the concentration of air particles also decreases. 4- The ratio of the area of the air inlet and outlet openings to that of the wall should be 0.075 so that while increasing the speed of the airflow, the age of air in the cavity will be reduced. 5-The optimal form of the secondary skin is grooved in the direction of the wind. With an optimal design of an air purifier skin, the speed of natural airflow in the cavity can be increased and the concentration of pollutants can be reduced. the curved grooves on the facade cause suction and direct the airflow upwards like an air channel, which causes the airflow to continue and increase its speed on the facade. with an optimal design of an air purifier skin, the speed of natural airflow in the cavity can be increased and the concentration of pollutants can be reduced, Research findings in these 5 modes have the most optimal form and function. It should be noted, that the influence of the variables is dependent on others. and all these variables together follow a specific purpose.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of elementary teachers about virtual education during the Crohn's disease epidemic. For this purpose, a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach was used. Among primary school teachers in Alborz, Markazi, Tehran, Ilam and West Azarbaijan provinces, 67 teachers were selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semi-organized interview and analyzed by Miles and Haberman method using NVivo program. . The results of data analysis are in 4 main areas including: educational strategies, challenges, support, teacher motivation, student interest. The results show that teaching strategies, educational media, training time and evaluations need to be changed. Teachers face challenges due to technical barriers, student participation, student conditions, and online learning experience. To succeed in e-learning, they need the support of administrators, administrators, and parents, and must maintain the motivation and interest of themselves and their students during the e-learning process.

The Intertextual Reading of Lalehzar Context Based on Event-Space Concept for Improving Its Spatial QualityAbstract: As valuable traditional pieces of the past, historical and cultural contexts are indispensable parts of any society, highlighting the importance of their preservation and restoration. Generally, historic sites carry the bio-codes of generations who left their distinct traces at a point in time. Without a shadow of a doubt, these unique footprints shape the cultural capital of any nation, including memories and mental images of citizens, leading to the basis of their identity. This article aimed to determine the most influential factors in improving the spatial quality of valuable urban context based on the concept of “event-space” through an intertextual reading. The selected area in this study was the Lalehzar context, one of Tehran's oldest historical and cultural streets. Reminiscing with vivid memories from the past citizens, Lalehzar street was a representation of modern life. This is why it consists of a significant number of cinemas, hotels, cafes, boutiques, and markets as modern functional representations, being an appropriate container for various social-cultural events and modern behavior. However, during the last seven decades, this area has lost its identity because of the city development and its negative consequences. Unfortunately, a large part of this historic district has been damaged due to the absence of social and cultural activities and an unfit neighborhood. Many symbolic spaces in Lalehzar have been destroyed or are on the verge of destruction. The place is now mainly used for everyday activities, entirely in contradiction with the physical body of the street in the form of electronics stores, resulting in intensified visual pollution. Given its rich history in Tehran and its exceptional location neighboring Baharestan Square and Toopkhaneh Square, Lalehzar Street has a brilliant capacity to accept new uses befitting its cultural and historical status. In doing so, the spatial quality and its improvement as an area of theoretical study in contemporary architecture were put into consideration, and the research and views of experts like Bentley, Rogers, Bell, and Golkar have been compared and analyzed. Some architects and urban designers believe that current factors are insufficient for the quality improvement of valuable contexts. Considering that the history and backgrounds of buildings are crucial in urban design and quality improvement, the intertextual approach was chosen to reinforce available potential and eliminate disharmonious parts. Intertextuality refers to the various relationships of texts, and intertextual reading allows studying different layers of a text and utilizing hermeneutics, the science of interpretation and change. Meanwhile, what is so important about this area was the events that took place here granted a lively atmosphere, almost equal to its physical representations and history that the built environment historians usually pay attention to. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to find the hidden dimensions of the effects of event space on spatial quality in Lalehzar through intertextual reading. The main research question was posed as follows: How can we determine the reliable and influential factors in spatial design quality improvement in valuable contexts through intertextual reading? In this qualitative interpretive research, the views of experts in event-space and spatial quality were first studied. To collect the data, in addition to the library resources and documentary research, interviews were conducted with the space users and audiences, whether at the buildings or in their neighborhood. To narrow down the study for accurate results, five landmark event spaces (Grand Hotel, Nasr Theater, Pars Theater, Pars Café, and Alborz Cinema) were selected through purposeful sampling, and they were studied and analyzed over two years. The data were coded via interpretive and content analysis, and eventually, SPSS and MAXQDA were used to analyze the extracting data. The former was used for quantities analysis resulting in a diagram of crucial factors for improving the quality of space based on the theorists’ writings, while the latter was used for creating some graphical coding diagrams for both the conducted research and interviews. The study’s results indicated that space perception, attachment to the natural flow of life (proportion, order, dynamicity), and spatial formation (variety and hierarchy) were the most influential factors in improving the quality of valuable contexts.Keywords: Intertextual Reading; Event-Space; Space quality enhancement; Lalezar; Valuable historical context.

The purpose of the present study is to analyze the content of the series of elementary school books named Hedye-hāye Āsemāni (Heavenly Gifts) from the view of their regard for the components of social and emotional needs of students. The method of study was qualitative-descriptive content analysis and in this regard, five volumes of books named Hedye-hāye Āsemāni (Heavenly Gifts) taught in the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth grade of elementary school in 2020-2021 were taken into consideration. Sampling was not used in this research and instead, all the sentences, pictures, tasks, and questions in the books were studied. The research instrument used in this study was a researcher made checklist for content analysis based on some selected components including 2 main and 24 supplementary ones. The results showed that among the 24 components under study, social needs had the highest frequency in all 5 books under research. The highest frequency was related to the components of invitation to religion, encouraging the spirit of enjoining good and forbidding evil, helpfulness, and kindness. Among the social and emotional needs under study, the least attention has been paid to the components of disappointment and hopelessness, autonomy, patience and tolerance, freedom of choice, justice, respect to law, assistance, and collaboration. Unfortunately, these components have no suitable place in either texts or pictures or questions of the books. The component of educating the spirit of patience and tolerance was reported to be -0- in all three sections of texts, pictures, and tasks of the books under study. Furthermore, among the components of social needs, the highest frequency was related to invitation to religion, encouraging the spirit of enjoining good and forbidding evil, helpfulness, and kindness.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges of e-learning in social studies in elementary school. For this purpose, qualitative study and phenomenological method of description have been used. Data were collected through semi-organized interviews and purposive sampling. The study became saturated after interviewing 30 teachers in Markazi province. In-depth analysis of the interviews led to the identification and categorization of 11 educational challenges, including: reduction of students 'group activities, lack of teachers' time to teach social studies, reduction of attention to ethical, social and legal issues, increase of negative emotions caused by quarantine. Decreased quality of assessment, lack of media literacy of teachers in teaching social studies, unattractive educational content for students, diminishing importance of social studies lessons, parental interventions, slow internet speed, heavy costs of buying internet packages. In addition to the main topics that addressed the challenges of teaching social studies in cyberspace and the answers to the main research question, some other topics emerged from the interviews that pointed to the opportunities for teaching social studies in cyberspace. Includes: increasing the speed of information transfer, students 'interest in participating in teaching social studies, increasing students' media literacy, achieving social goals outside the textbook.

The advancement of science and technology has contributed to the richness of cities by providing the citizens with a wide range of educational, health-therapeutic, cultural-social services and etc.; however, this trend has led to excessive levels of environmental pollution in these cities which threaten the health of citizens in comparison with the past and increase the risk of various types of mental and physical illnesses. This also can be viewed in statistics provided by the World Health Organization. This urban life exists with all its dimensions in the urban spaces, and there has always been a mutual relationship between these two. In this way, urban life of the citizens builds the city and on the other hand, the city builds the life and current interactions in it. In this way, as degradation of life quality among urban citizens leads to degradation of urban spaces, the picture state of this issue can also be true. This means development of the built environment of the city and its spaces can be a ground for improving the urban life of citizens and reduce the different dimensions of urban life problems. Furthermore, it is important to note that improvement of city built environment quality depends on the promotion of the hard and the soft infrastructures in the urban area; however, addressing soft infrastructures in urban spaces design is often neglected by specialists in this field. This is because the factors shaping it are hidden and are non-physical in many cases. They are also defined at various levels. This study aims to study life-giving events as one of the soft infrastructure that shapes the space as well as improving quality of life in built environment. The main question of this research pertains to what events are considered as effective events, and what are the efficient factors in their formation. In this regard, a qualitative analysis method has been selected for this research in order to study and analyze the visions of theorists about different levels of life manifestation in space via a literature review. The results indicate certain factors in defining this category of events, which are “features,” “capabilities,” and “providing the possibilities.” The results show that there are three levels of life-giving components:(1) Features that include dependence on the natural process of everyday life and its spatial freedom, diversity, impressive atmosphere, forming a chain of actions, and meanings organized in a whole, associations and symbols, as part of society; (2) capabilities that include inclusiveness and synergies, coherence-giving capability, growth and place making and; (3) providing active participation of different social and age groups and social interactions among them, the active physical presence of the human as an interface between subjective and objective worlds, active use of the movement element for shaping space, sensory perception, and multifaceted perception. Effective events (Life-giving events) can be reached if the events are defined in accordance with the levels.

In order to study of the effects of gibberellin, corm weight and phosphoric fertilizer on flowering and other traits of saffron an experiment was conducted using factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2011. The factors were including: A (corm size with three levels as 4, 6 and 8 gram), B (treatment in gibberellin as 0, 200 and 400 ppm) and C (consumption phosphoric fertilizer as 0 and 120 kg.ha-1) that studied on 9 morphological traits on Ghaen echotype. The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences on the most of studied traits at 1% levels. Based on comparison of means, the interaction of AB showed (consumption of 200 ppm gibberellic acid on the corms with 8 gram of weight) had the highest mean of Stigma length and (consumption of 400 ppm gibberellic acid on the corms with 8 gram of weight) was in the second grade. In comparison effect of A factor on mean of dry weight of Stigma , (the corms with 4 and 6 gram in weight) were the effective factors. The effect of C factor on dry weight of Stigma showed (consumption of 120 kg/ha phosphoric fertilizer) had the highest mean at 1% level. The mean comparison of the effect of interaction AB showed (consumption the corms with 6 gram in weight, without consumption gibberellic acid) was the first grade. The evaluation of effects of BC on dry weight of Stigma showed (consumption 120 kg/ha phosphoric fertilizer without gibberellin consumption) had the highest effect on mentioned trait and (consumption 400 ppm hormone with 120 kg/ha fertilizer) was in the second grade. The consumption of intermediate gibberellin levels on the corms with median weight was better response on Stigma yield generally.