fatemeh bavafasefat

In recent years, the uncontrolled increase in fossil energy consumption it has had far-reaching environmental and climate change consequences. Renewable energy technology and development the use of renewable energy sources is a sustainable and internationally agreed solution that the formation and development of the market of these technologies is a key issue and one of the bottlenecks in the development and widespread use of renewable energy. In this regard, this article analyzes the challenges of renewable energy technologies market development in Iran. By examining the development history of the market of renewable energy technologies and using the opinion of 11 experts in the fall of 1400, we extracted 20 key challenges of market formation regarding these technologies. Then by structural-interpretive modeling (ISM), the relationships between challenges, and their influence and dependence, are described benefiting from Micmac analysis. Based on our findings, challenges of renewable energy technologies market formation are categorized in 13 levels and their inter-relationship are elaborated. The most influential challenges include low-scale economics and the high risk of developing these technologies. Weaknesses in technology transfer infrastructure, limited advertising activities, poor government interactions with companies are other key challenges in developing the renewable energy technology market. The main policy implication of the findings of this study is the need for integrated attention to the challenges of market development and the level of each challenge and its impact on other challenges.

Public bodies endeavor to reduce air pollution to improve citizens' quality of life the main interest of social innovations in the area of environment is reducing society’s environmental impact It is the ambition of many social innovation initiatives to bring new solutions to environmental problems in providing a local context to often global environmental problems. Today, bike sharing systems that can be used as a solution to reduce environmental pollution. This new bike sharing system gains in popularity, and develops dramatically all across world. The rapid development of bicycle-sharing systems around the world has been hailed as a sign of environmental movement, with positive implications for transportation, the economy and health in urban areas. The purpose of this article focuses on investigating what the roles of this new bike sharing system are urban mobility in Iran specifically in Tehran and its impact on society. We choose the bike sharing Service Company - bdood, as our case study object to investigate the bike sharing system in Iran major cities, specifically in Tehran. Research method, qualitative type based on library study, interview and discussion with the founders and experts of Bdood were selected in a targeted manner. Descriptive statistics and step-by-step coding with qualitative data analysis software MAXQDA.The findings show that, Traditional bicycle trade still plays an important role in many parts of the world. Unfortunately, the average use of personal bicycles is very low. Public bicycles provided by the government complemented public transportation in a more sustainable manner. However, ..