فهرست مطالب fatemeh davari

Secretory antibodies produced by B lymphocytes mediate humoral immunity. B-cells develop after maturation in bone marrow from stem cells to obtain the necessary properties to identify and combat against pathogens. B lymphocytes settle in peripheral lymphoid tissues to interact with foreign antigens. The activation of B cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues lead to the proliferation, differentiation, and production of memory B cells and antibody-secreting plasma cells. The production of memory B cells requires the formation of germinal centers that act as a site for affinity maturation and B cells acquire the necessary changes to detect antigens and produce long-lived plasma cells. In this review, we will focus on related mechanisms of germinal center formation and production of antibodies.

The aim of this study was to identify the microbial profile of Shahri cheese of Pegah Golpayegan and reduce its bitter taste by adding prebiotic compounds of whey and maltodextrin. Microorganisms were identified by macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical and molecular tests. Prebiotic compounds of whey and maltodextrin were used to reduce bitter taste of cheese. Cheese production was optimized by CCD method using RSM software. Sensory evaluation was performed by panelist and proteolysis assay by measuring soluble nitrogen to total nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen to total nitrogen . Based on the results, three bacterial isolates, one fungal isolate and one yeast isolate were identified in Shahri cheese. The results of response level test in proteolysis assay showed that with increasing maltodextrin and whey the amount of proteolysis increased and in sensory evaluation with increasing maltodextrin and whey decreased the amount of sensory evaluation. The effect of maltodextrin and whey on proteolysis evaluation and sensory evaluation was significan. The optimum values for maltodextrin and whey were 0.894 and 1.668, respectively. In the sensory evaluation, the two treatments received the highest score from the panelists . . The amount of maltodextrin and whey in the two treatments were (0.5% and 1.75%) and (1.75% and 0.5%), respectively. Both treatments showed a 22% reduction in proteolysis compared to the control sample. The effect of cheese ripening time and number of microorganisms on proteolysis and bitter taste were significant. The results showed that prebiotic compounds could be effective in reducing proteolysis and bitter taste of cheese.

The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of intraperitoneal infusion of normal saline (NS) and pulmonary recruitment maneuver (PRM) on the reduction of pain in shoulder, upper abdomen, and incision site after elective laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Totally, 280 patients (mean age: 30.5 years) that underwent laparoscopic gynecologic surgery from October 2013 to August 2015 were randomly and equally allocated into four groups. Group A received intraperitoneal infusion of NS 1.5 - 2 mL/kg of body weight; group B received PRM with five manual pulmonary inflations at a maximum pressure of 60 cm H2O; group C simultaneously received two former interventions; and finally the control group D received routine method of gentle abdominal pressure. All patients were assessed in the first 24 hours after surgery. There was an unsteady pattern for pain in shoulder, upper abdomen, and incision site at different time points across the studied groups over the trial. Patients in group B showed significantly lower shoulder pain 24 hours after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery (P = 0.01), while patients in group D had significantly lower incision site pain (P < 0.001). PRM was superior to intraperitoneal infusion of NS for reducing pain in the first 24 hours after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.

To evaluate association between polymorphism rs1670533 in RNF212 gene with the risk of Down syndrome in young women. In a case control study, one hundred pregnant women were evaluated in both group. The case group consisted pregnancy with diagnosis of Down syndrome in women younger than 35 years old. The control group consisted pregnancy with normal neonate. Fifty pregnant women in each group were allocated.one hundred blood samples were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted by salting – out method and polymorphism of rs1670533 were detected by PCR.PCR products were detected on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The TTrs1670533 haplotype was present in 36% of pregnant women with Down syndrome versus 14% of normal pregnant women, (p = 0.003 e-12; CI 95%1.665-5.305, OR = 3.107); TC haplotype was present in 56% of normal pregnancy regarding of16% of pregnancy with Down syndrome (p = 4.288 e = 12; CI 95%: 0.145-0.25; OR = 0.126). It seems that TTrs1670533 haplotype is a risk factor for pregnancy with Down syndrome in young women and TC haplotype has protective effect.

To evaluate the plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level after injection of methotrexate (MTX) as a predictor of treatment success in ectopic pregnancy (EP).
One hundred women treated with single dose of methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy were evaluated in a prospective study, for CPK and ß-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-hCG) levels. They received intramuscular MTX at a dose of 50 mg/m2. The day of injection was considered as day 1 (D1). CPK level on the day of Methotrexate injection was compared between success group who were treated by a single MTX injection, and the unsuccessful groupwho were treated by two or three MTX injections or by surgery.
The success rate of single dose of MTX injection was 78 (78%). The mean of CPK was higher in success group than unsuccessful group. (86 ± 10.7 vs. 73 ± 11.8), the difference was significant
(p = 0.04). The mean of ß-hCG was significantly lower in treatment success group than unsuccessful group (1421.3 ± 443.6 vs. 1925.6 ± 185.4, p = 0.01).
The success of single dose of MTX treatment in ectopic pregnancy may be predicted by CPK levels and the higher levels of CPK may be useful for detecting of patients with successful response to MTX.

Dicephalic parapagus tribrachius conjoined twin is a very rare condition.We present a case of 5-days-old male dicephalic parapagus conjoined twins. The conjoined twins were diagnosed in 4th month of pregnancy by ultrasonography. The pregnancy terminates at 36 weeks by cesarean section and triplets were born. The babies were male conjoined twins and another healthy male baby. Many congenital defects of interest can now be detected before birth. Sever form of this malformation precludes postpartum life. It is supposed that with advances in screening methods for prenatal diagnosis these cases are terminated in first or second trimester of pregnancy.

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO). One hundred and ten women with definite diagnosis of PCO and one hundred and ten age-matched infertile women due to other reasons except for PCO were enrolled in this case-control study. Ten ml fasting venous blood sample obtained to measure fasting glucose، LH and FSH. Height، weight and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were also recorded by an expert technician. A psychiatrist examined all 220 cases in order to determine the prevalence of depression and bipolarity. Mean age of each group participants were not significantly different while FBS، LH and LH/FSH levels were significantly higher in PCO patients. Eighty eight case were depressed in PCO group while 96 were depressed in control group (P=0. 03). Bipolar disorder were higher in PCO group in comparison with controls (8 vs. 0، P=0. 004). Psychiatric disorders should be considered in PCO women.

A32 year-old multigravid patient with 10 weeks of pregnancy was referred to the emergency ward with massive vaginal bleeding and preshock state. Suction curettage, laparotomy, uterine artery ligation, Macdonald cerclage, and hysterectomy was done, in that order. After hysterectomy and massive transfusion she recovered. When a diagnosis of cesarean scar pregnancy is made in the emergency state and especially in the presence of underlying disease, morbidity is high and fertility lost.