fatemeh karimi

Online gaming platforms foster vibrant communities but are increasingly recognized as environments where harmful interactions, including misogynistic trolling, proliferate. This study examined the linguistic strategies and discursive devices utilized in online misogynistic trolling within specific online gaming communities. The objectives included exploring how power dynamics and gender ideologies are represented in this discourse and analyzing the cognitive processes and mental representations that influence the production and reception of such communications. For the qualitative analysis, critical discourse analysis methods were employed, including Fairclough’s three-dimensional model, van Dijk’s socio-cognitive approach, and the ideological square. The quantitative analysis entailed frequency counts and inferential statistics (chi-square tests) to uncover relationships between variables identified in the qualitative phase, specifically, linguistic features, cognitive processes, and platform type. The dataset for analysis comprised 200 online texts (forum posts, comments, messages) and related data sources (gaming streams, videos, podcasts, social media interactions), primarily sourced from platforms like Reddit, 4chan, and Twitch, alongside interviews and focus groups with affected gamers. The analysis indicated a significant prevalence of misogynistic language, including sexual objectification, insults, and threats, along with notable instances of racist, religious, homophobic, and ableist hate speech. Cognitive processes like stereotyping, prejudice, and emotional reactions drive the creation and reception of hateful messages. Understanding the mechanisms of such harmful discourse is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate its impact, which holds broader relevance for creating respectful interactions in various online settings, including educational ones.

This article delved into the realm of EFL assessment in Iraq by investigating the beliefs of Iraqi EFL teachers about assessment practices they employed in their classroom and determining whether there was any congruency between their beliefs and actual assessment practices. For this purpose, 140 experienced Iraqi EFL teachers were selected by convenience sampling and the data were collected by the Teachers’ Assessment Practices Belief Questionnaire and the Teachers’ Assessment Practices Questionnaire. The findings of Pearson correlation and descriptive analysis revealed that the cognitive level of assessments (e.g., reasoning and application), types of assessments (e.g., portfolios and concept mapping), and evaluation criteria (e.g., improvement and student effort) were highly valued by the teachers. Regarding assessment practices in the classroom, the participants reported obtaining, elucidating, and responding to learning evidence and assisting students to acquire a positive orientation of learning (making learning explicit). Promoting learning autonomy (an expanded opportunity to assume increased autonomy in defining their learning goals and evaluating both their work and that of their peers) was also found in the teachers’ reports. Besides, an interest in assisting students adhere to performance goals stipulated by the curriculum using careful questioning and assessed by scores and grades (performance orientation). Implications and suggestions of the study are discussed in the article.

Improving the mental condition of nurses exerts a direct effect on patient care, duration, and treatment process. Thus, this study aimed at determining the level of occupational burnout and moral conflicts among nurses, as well as the relationship between these two variables.

In this descriptive correlational study, the research population consisted of the nurses working in the intensive care unit of the selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences and the whole population was studied. Demographic Information Questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Falcó-Pegueroles Moral Conflict Questionnaire were used to collect data.

The mean frequency of occupational burnout of nurses working in ICU wards was 41.81 (SD=15.37) and the mean intensity of occupational burnout was 44.77 (SD=15.56). The mean frequency of moral conflict of the samples was 27.36 (SD=11.74) and the mean intensity of moral conflict was 27.46 (SD=10.24). Regarding frequency, there was a positive and significant relationship between moral conflict and occupational burnout and its dimensions except for “Individual adequacy”. Besides, the results suggested that regarding intensity, there was only a positive and significant relationship between moral conflict and depersonalization dimension.

The results of study revealed that frequency of occupational burnout and moral conflict are correlated, and frequency of moral conflicts in nurses working in intensive care unit has a significant effect on creating and increasing occupational burnout. Therefore, one of the most important ways to reduce occupational burnout and moral conflict is to reduce frequency of moral conflicts in intensive care unit and on nurses working in this ward.

This study showed the potential of the electrospinning (in this case electrospraying) technique to produce whey protein concentrate (WPC) micro and nanocapsules for applications in the encapsulation of canthaxanthin. The results showed that the solution concentration, feed solution flow rate and applied voltage had a direct effect  on the encapsulation efficiency. by increasing of the solution concentration, feed solution flow rate and applied voltage, the encapsulation efficiency increased. The results showed that solution concentration was the most effective factor in electrospraying, because its scale estimate was highest. According to the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) for this model, the regression model suggested a significant value for both linear and quadratic terms at P < 0.05. Also in order to obtain 0.93% encapsulation efficiency, optimum  point was found at the emulsion concentration of 39.4%, feed solution flow rate of 12.2 ml/min, applied voltage of 17.5 kV, and 17.1cm distance between needle tip and collector.

The aim of this research is to design a comprehensive model for strategic market-oriented management of Saipa Company, with a focus on export strategies. This research is applied and developmental in terms of its objective, and exploratory with a qualitative approach in terms of its nature. The statistical population of the study includes specialists, senior managers, and experts in the automotive industry and sectors related to automotive product exports. Using purposeful sampling, the sample consisted of 18 academic members (university professors), managers, and experts from the automotive industry. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews and library research. Data analysis was performed using a grounded theory approach, assisted by MAXQDA v10 software, and the coding process took place in three stages: open, axial, and selective coding. The results of the qualitative data analysis led to the design of a paradigmatic model for market-oriented strategic management with an emphasis on exports at Saipa Company. This model includes six main dimensions.

Test-taking can be a significant source of anxiety for learners, impacting their performance and overall educational experience, and effective test-taking strategies are essential for students to enhance their performance and manage anxiety during assessments. The present study explored the use of test-taking strategies, test anxiety, and the coping mechanisms employed by intermediate Iraqi EFL learners while taking English tests. For this purpose, six intermediate Iraqi EFL learners were selected and interviewed on their use of test-taking strategies, sources of test anxiety, and coping mechanisms. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed by constant comparative method. The findings revealed that rereading parts of a passage, guessing based on background knowledge, reading the options/questions before listening, formulating ideas and thoughts in Arabic and translating them into English, and organizing thoughts and ideas before starting to talk were the most frequently employed strategies when taking an English test. Furthermore, fear of low grades, losing concentration, lack of proper time management, praying, deep breathing, speaking, and writing were the seven themes obtained from the interviews about test anxiety and its influential factors. The study underscores the need for targeted support in developing effective test-taking strategies and coping mechanisms to help intermediate Iraqi EFL learners navigate test anxiety and improve their performance. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed as well.

This research was conducted with the goal of meta-analysis on the effect of government education costs and tax burden on the development of high-tech products exports in Iran. The research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of method, quantitative in terms of data type, and based on meta-analysis method in terms of data processing. The studied community includes articles and researches published in reputable scientific journals in the field of research, especially the development of high-tech products exports in the period of 2005 to 2022 AD, which is done using the purposeful sampling method and considering Screening criteria 35 researches entered the meta-analysis process as selected studies. Data and information collection tools include receipts, notes, using checklists and tables. The reliability of the effect sizes of the variables extracted from the selected studies was obtained by examining the significance level and T-statistics in the meta-analysis method. To analyze the data, the statistical indicators of the meta-analysis method and related software were used. The results of the research showed that the effect sizes of the government's educational expenses and the tax burden on the development of the export of high-tech products are equal to 0.518 and 0.483, respectively, in which the government's educational expenses have the greatest effect. Is. Also, according to the findings of the research, the overall effect size of both components on the development of the export of high-tech products is equal to 0.647, which is significant at the level (P<0.05).

The issue of a divorced woman's residence after divorce and her resulting disorientation is one of the challenges faced by women during times of separation and estrangement. Having appropriate housing is one of her most important needs, which is significantly emphasized in the Holy Qur'an, especially during the iddah period following a revocable divorce. Providing this accommodation is recognized as one of her fundamental rights and is incumbent upon the husband. Since the Holy Qur'an is the cornerstone of Islamic legislation, this research aims to examine the approach of this the holy book as the most fundamental source for inferring rights concerning the residence status of a woman during the waiting period after a revocable divorce. To gain a deeper understanding of the issues faced by this group of women and to promote societal health while preventing negative consequences, this study seeks solutions to these problems from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an. For this purpose, this research identifies and examines the foundations, nature, and enforcement mechanisms of this type of residence based on the verses of the Holy Qur'an. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method and gathers library and documentary information. It concludes that the current common practices among couples during the waiting period (iddah) after a revocable divorce contradict the teachings of the Qur'an.

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation about piezoelectric inertia motors. The study progressed with the meticulous fabrication of a rotational piezomotor, allowing for empirical data collection. A mathematical model was then developed, and system parameters were identified. A comparative analysis revealed significant improvements in model accuracy when Lu-Gre friction was employed, reducing the root mean square error (RSME) by approximately six-fold compared to previous models using Coulomb friction. Following model validation, a sensitivity analysis assessed the impact of parameter variations—specifically voltage, frequency, friction coefficient, and duty ratio—on the motor's performance. It provides valuable insights into how the physical parameters influence the motor's movement. Results indicated that the duty ratio had the most substantial effect on rotor speed, followed by frequency and voltage, while an inverse relationship was found between the friction coefficient and rotational speed.

Teacher resilience and work engagement are critical factors in enhancing educational effectiveness and fostering a positive learning environment in today's rapidly evolving landscape of education.The present study aimed to find whether teacher resilience components (i.e., internal motivations, social skills, pedagogical skills, and contextual support) predict experienced Iranian EFL teachers’ work engagement (i.e., cognitive-physical engagement, emotional engagement, social engagement with colleagues, and social engagement with students). For this purpose, 200 novice and experienced Iranian EFL teachers were selected randomly, and the data were collected by the Engaged Teachers Scale and the English Language Teacher Resilience Instrument and analyzed by standard multiple regression. The regression analysis results for experienced teachers indicated that cognitive-physical engagement was predicted by internal motivation; emotional engagement was predicted by internal motivations, social skills, and pedagogical skills; and contextual support predicted the experienced teachers’ social engagement with colleagues. For novice teachers, internal motivations, social skills, and contextual support predicted cognitive-physical and emotional engagement. Furthermore, internal motivations and contextual support predicted their social engagement with students, and social engagement with colleagues was explained by social support. These results suggest that enhancing teacher resilience can lead to increased engagement levels, ultimately benefiting student learning experiences. Besides, the findings underscore the importance of providing support structures in educational settings to bolster teacher well-being and effectiveness. This study highlights the need for targeted interventions that focus on developing teachers' resilience and engagement, which could have lasting positive effects on the education system.

This study investigates the impact of Iranian EFL learners' motivational goal orientations on their behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement in the classroom. Utilizing a mixed-methods design, the research involved 200 intermediate EFL learners from language schools in Iran, who completed the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT), a Goal Orientation Survey, and a Student Engagement Questionnaire. The results show that mastery goal orientations, both approach and avoid, positively predict these engagement dimensions, while performance goal orientations do not significantly affect engagement. The findings highlight the importance of fostering mastery goals to enhance student engagement and improve language learning outcomes. The implications of this study suggest that educators should create a supportive learning environment that emphasizes mastery goals, thereby facilitating deeper engagement and better academic performance among EFL learners. This study investigates the impact of Iranian EFL learners' motivational goal orientations on their behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement in the classroom. Utilizing a mixed-methods design, the research involved 200 intermediate EFL learners from language schools in Iran, who completed the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT), a Goal Orientation Survey, and a Student Engagement Questionnaire. The results show that mastery goal orientations, both approach and avoid, positively predict these engagement dimensions, while performance goal orientations do not significantly affect engagement. The findings highlight the importance of fostering mastery goals to enhance student engagement and improve language learning outcomes. The implications of this study suggest that educators should create a supportive learning environment that emphasizes mastery goals, thereby facilitating deeper engagement and better academic performance among EFL learners.

This research covers the differences in some of the interactional competence components, such as topic management, turn management, non-verbal behavior, breakdown repair, and interactive listening, among Iraqi elementary and advanced EFL learners. In relation to both the face-to-face and virtual environments, this article tries to divulge how the said competencies of these learners change with task types—opinion exchange and jigsaw tasks—and educational setting. A mixed-methods design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data through recordings in both learning environments. Statistical comparison showed that there were significant differences between the interactional competence components for elementary and advanced learners across the two environments. Particularly, advanced learners took turns more efficiently and listened interactively more successfully in face-to-face than in virtual settings; elementary learners struggled to manage topics in virtual compared to face-to-face settings. These findings have implications for EFL pedagogy, particularly in the area of improving virtual learning environments for interactional competence development. The discussion addresses some implications related to instructional design, pedagogical practices, and language assessment in EFL contexts.

The purpose of the current research is to study power in educational organizations with a phenomenological approach. In this article, the phenomenon of power, resources, and its relative ability to explain the behavioral aspects of human resources in the organization have been investigated. Power is one of the important and necessary components in any organization, and how to acquire and apply it correctly and effectively is necessary for the survival of any system in today's world. Today's theorists consider the organization as a set of mutual relations and actions and reactions of individuals, where power is the most important factor in the nature and quality of these mutual relations. Power can be used in different parts of an organization and cause various results and consequences in that organization. Each of the sources of power and the combination of their different situations form different behavioral and conceptual models, and according to them, they create different interactive structures. The distance that those in power feel toward others makes them more likely to disobey the advice they hear. 

Design/Methodology/Approach: 

The current research method is a qualitative phenomenological type, which is based on the lived experiences of the participants about the concept of power and its dimensions, as well as the tendency towards sources of power in the organization with the metaphor of osmotic pressure of chemistry. The participants of the research were the education experts of Semiram City, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with 13 experts using the purposeful sampling method and the theoretical saturation criterion of the findings. The analysis of the findings was done with the thematic analysis method. The evaluation criteria of qualitative research, including trustworthiness, transferability, reliability, and verifiability, were examined, and based on that, the validity and reliability of the research was confirmed. 

By analyzing the findings, 122 basic themes, 25 organizing themes of the first level, and 5 organizing themes of the second level were identified and extracted, which were centered around the overarching theme of the phenomenon of organizational power. 5 organizing themes of the second level, including the concept of power, power sources, orientation to power sources, consequences of orientation to power sources, and power management solutions were identified. The participants expressed their experiences of orientation toward the sources of organizational power, including selection and appointment within the organization, individual experiences, osmosis phenomenon, organizational experiences, and gaining points. The participants expressed their experiences of the concept of power in the form of the concepts of dominance and influence, individual strength, some kind of need, being charismatic, ability and capacity, superiority, communicating, negative approach, positive approach, and position. They have also presented the themes of intercession and nepotism, individual factors, law and superiors as their experiences of sources of organizational power. On the other hand, they expressed their experiences of orientation toward organizational power sources, including selection and appointment within the organization, individual experiences, osmosis phenomenon, organizational experiences, and gaining privileges. The most important consequences of the tendency to sources of power include the marginalization of individual interests and attention to social interests, the use of violence and tyranny, and the ability to influence. Discussion and

The research results showed that some employees, despite weaknesses in their scientific knowledge, experience, and skills, manage to move from less powerful units within the organization towards positions of greater influence. These individuals seek to gain personal advantages through such upward mobility. To address this phenomenon, organizations should implement meritocratic selection processes, enforce regulations decisively, and foster a culture of cooperation, accountability, justice, and ethical conduct. The phenomenon of osmosis shows many legal and illegal functions in an organization. Weakness of people, flattery, unfairness, and most importantly, weakening of the rule of law in the organization are among the factors of the formation of such a phenomenon. The weakening of the rule of law in the organization paves the way for people who lack professional ability but are flattered. Many corruptions and destructions in the organization are caused by this unpleasant phenomenon. People who, without any commitment and expertise, have learned the illegal and inhumane ways of failing and failing to perform assigned duties, according to the experience and attention of some sick people, and they can make themselves respected by the heads of organizations. They place themselves as an efficient force in an organization and in some cases, they don't shy away from objections to taste, opinions and orders.

This study investigates the interrelations among stress coping strategies, foreign language anxiety (FLA), and language achievement among Iraqi EFL students. Utilizing a correlational research design, the study involved 150 upper-intermediate EFL learners from two universities in Iraq. Participants completed the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) to assess their levels of anxiety and coping strategies. The results indicate a significant negative relationship between task-oriented coping strategies and foreign language anxiety, as well as a positive correlation between task-oriented coping and language achievement. The findings highlight the importance of effective coping strategies in mitigating anxiety and enhancing language learning outcomes among EFL learners. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for instructors to foster task-oriented coping strategies to improve language achievement and reduce anxiety, thereby creating a more supportive and effective learning environment.

Using instructional games in vocabulary learning is beneficial, but their effects in the Iraqi EFL context have been overlooked. This study investigated the effects of instructional games on Iraqi primary school students’ vocabulary learning and retention. To fulfill the objectives of the study, a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design was adopted. The present study's participants were 40 Iraqi primary school students selected based on a convenience sampling. The participants were divided into two groups, one experimental (N= 20) and a control group (N=20). The students in the experimental group (EG) received vocabulary instruction in the form of game-based teaching. The control group (CG) was instructed using conventional teaching procedures. In this study, a textbook (Family and Friends 2) was used as the material, and two tests were utilized as the measurement instruments. It was found that the group of Iraqi primary school students who were instructed through the games considerably outperformed the group of students who received the traditional teaching in the classroom. Furthermore, the results revealed that the Iraqi primary school students who received vocabulary through instructional games had much better vocabulary retention than those who underwent the traditional teaching methods. The findings might have some implications for the material developers and EFL teachers in Iraq.

The political and social conditions of different countries have always been referred to as the two dominant arteries in transmitting culture and literature to their respective lands. In the Islamic era, the influence of Arab-Islamic political institutions on the borders of Iran has led to the influence of politics, culture, and literature in the two addressed countries and the emergence of educated scholars and writers who were distinguished with respect to their own ways. Nezami Arouzi and Abu Bakr al-Suli can be mentioned among the distinguished writers in Persian and Arabic literature. Nezami, who is reknowned as one of the most famous writers in Persian literature, has had an attempt to present the duties of four important categories in the political apparatus of the government in an article. One of these categories is concerned with the writer, and more specifically, his conditions and characteristics. Precisely, as it has been noted out by al-suli in adab al-kotab has paid a great deal of attention to the duties of the teacher within the political system. Furthermore, multiple common features can be found in al-suli’s work with that of Nezami. However, this does not mean that the two authors have been influenced by each other. Perhaps the impact of culture of the two poets in their respective lands has given rise to similarities in their teachings, which can be studied and investigated in addition to the differences between them. Accordingly, this research attempted to criticize and compare them from a comparative perspective so as to know the similarities and differences between these two works
In the Islamic period, the influence of Muslim-Arab political institutions in Iran's borders has led to the mutual impact of the politics, culture and literature of the two nations. Furthemore, it has led to the emergence of prominent scholars, scientists and writers who are unique in their kind, even by today’s standards. Among the prominent writers of Persian and Arabic literature, we can mention Nizami Arouzi and Abu Bakr Soli. In Chahar Maqale, Nizami Arouzi introduces the duties of four important classes in the political apparatus of the government, one of which is specific to writing and its conditions and attributes. Abu Bakr Souli also discusses the importance of secretary’s duties in the political system in Adab al-Kutab.
Among the schools of comparative literature, the names of two schools are prominent. French school and American school. In the French school, the issue of influence is of utmost importance, and in the American school, the commonalities and differences of literary works are discussed regardless of the issue of impact and impression have been given the highest priority.This research is an attempt to identify the similarities and distinctions of these two literary works regarding the characteristics and conditions of writing, regardless of their influence and impression via examining the two works of Nizami Arouzi and Abu Bakr Souli based on the American school of thought.
This research is based on the analytical descriptive method and the French school of thought for comparative literature. Furthermore, it reviews the characteristics and conditions of the authors in the Adab al-Kutab by Souli and Chahar Maqale by Arouzi Samarkandi and the similarities and differences of these two works.
The conventional and accepted methods of writing in these two works are based on the fact that both writers have common opinions in alignment with the observance of the writing principles such as observing politeness, knowing the people of the time, and respecting the elders. However, due to the existing cultural and social differences, they also have differences in the field of letter writing and writing methods. As an instance, Rouzi selects features and moral characteristics that cannot be seen in Souli’s book.
AbuBakr Souli shares common features with Nizami Arouzi, but this does not mean that the two authors were influenced by each other; Perhaps the influence of the culture of the two nations on each other's territory has caused similarities between the two, which can be considered and examined in addition to the differences in these teachings. Nizami Arouzi selects the characteristics and moral qualities that are not observed in Abu Bakr Souli and, on the other hand, he chooses characteristics that are related to his nature, innate intelligence, and moral qualities. In case a writer is not a respectable, intelligent, and thoughtful person and chooses the job of writing merely for earning money, he will not succeed in his career. From Abu Bakr Souli’s perspective, there are also principles in the art of calligraphy and writing that Arouzi did not mention. Principles such as the necessity of calligraphy and choosing a good font, selecting a good and suitable compound, paper, and pen, how to seal the letter, and last but not least, editing and revising the letter after finalizing it.

This research explored how pragmatics instruction affected the performance of Iraqi EFL learners in producing directive and commissive speech acts, examining various age groups and learning settings (technology-enhanced versus conventional classrooms). Additionally, the study investigates the perceptions of both EFL students and teachers regarding this pedagogical approach. For this purpose, four groups, each consisting of 50 Iraqi EFL learners, were included in the study. Specifically, two experimental groups (technology-enhanced versus conventional instruction) received pragmatics instruction, and the two control groups did not receive any instruction. These participants were drawn from both a university and a private language institute. The data were collected by placement tests, multiple discourse completion tests (MDCTs), and assessment questionnaires. Qualitative data was collected by semi-structured interviews and subsequently analyzed thematically. The results indicated that learners who were provided with instruction in speech acts demonstrated a notably higher level of performance than those who did not receive any instruction. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the technology-enhanced group performed better than their peers in conventional classroom and adults outperformed teenagers despite no gender differences. Interviews revealed the various benefits and obstacles associated with speech act instruction.

Supply chain disruption is an event that disrupts the production of goods and services. Resilience refers to the ability of an organization to manage disruptions or the ability of the supply chain network to quickly return to its previous state, ultimately positively impacting the company's performance. Many companies cannot maintain productivity during disruptions, losing competitiveness, increasing business continuity risk, and incurring financial losses. Sustainability considerations in supply chain operations have become a key issue. A common concept in sustainability is the triple approach: economic, environmental, and social, which must be observed by supply chain members. Sustainable supply chain management development is not a limiting factor but an approach to improve performance.

This applied research study was conducted using a mixed qualitative-quantitative analysis with a cross-sectional survey method. The qualitative sample included academic and industry experts, while the quantitative sample comprised managers, heads, and experts in the studied company's headquarters, operations, and projects. Data collection tools included documentary studies, expert surveys, and a researcher-made questionnaire. Factors were identified using the meta-synthesis technique, screened with the fuzzy Delphi technique, and validated with partial least squares. The SWARA method was used for weighting and ranking factors. Supply chain processes were defined based on the SCOR model and ranked using the WASPAS method. The thinking process tools identified limitations in the third-level bottleneck process, and improvement solutions were presented.

The meta-synthesis method extracted the desired indicators, which were screened and localized using the fuzzy Delphi technique and confirmed by experts in 7 dimensions and 39 indicators. The initial model was validated with partial least squares. Among resilience and sustainability factors, the "Risk Management" dimension with a weight of 0.2241 and the "Considering the risk factor in decision-making" index with a weight of 0.1224 were the top priorities. It was concluded that risk management is crucial for business continuity and dynamism. Supply chain managers should facilitate their participation in identifying and controlling risks and opportunities while continually increasing their subordinates' knowledge and skills. Evaluations identified the "sourcing and supply process," "goods and logistics supply process," and "purchase planning" as the most critical bottleneck processes. The root of disruptions in the "purchase planning" process was found to be in the identification, estimation, and allocation of human, infrastructural, and financial resources. 

Practical suggestions for company managers and decision-makers include employing expert personnel in purchasing planning, drafting executive plans, using advanced tools for measurement, analysis, forecasting, resource allocation, identifying uncertainties, determining prerequisites, and managing main and support suppliers and changes, and reviewing and modifying the existing mechanism.

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising devices to efficiently produce green electricity. However, one of the challenges hindering their commercialization is the waste heat management in which a great part of the outcoming energy is made of. For this matter, a great deal of emerging research is focused on heat recovery in PEM fuel cells. Thermoelectric generators are one of the technologies that have recently obtained notable attention for their potential for use as waste heat recovery in PEMFCs. Thermoelectric generators are solid state devices that directly convert the temperature gradient to electricity via the Seebeck effect.
In this review paper we will outline the current overview of the use of thermoelectric materials for the waste heat recovery especially in PEMFSc. Advantages and disadvantages of commonly used thermoelectric materials such as bismuth telluride and its alloys are discussed and the capability of alternative thermoelectric materials such as Skutterudite structures, Half-Heusler compounds, carbon nanotubes and their composites and thermoelectric oxides are scrutinized.

Battery Management System (BMS) including measurements errors that causes decrease in ‎the quality of ‎calculated State of the Charge (SOC). It will limit the accurate estimation of ‎the SOC that is a critical challenge in ‎some of the engineering fields such as medical science, ‎robotics, navigation and industrial applications. These ‎facts implies on the significance of ‎SOC estimation from battery measurements that is the matter of the literature ‎through the ‎recent years. Due to the dependency of the EKF to the system model, the change in the ‎battery ‎parameters and noise information cause losing performance in the SOC estimation ‎over the time. In this paper, we ‎assume that the battery parameters including internal ‎resistance and capacitor and also the noise information are ‎varying over the time. To solve ‎that, two separate on-line identification algorithms for parameters and noise ‎information are ‎introduced. In more details, a Recursive Least Square (RLS) algorithm is used to identify ‎the ‎resistance and capacitor values. Moreover, the process and measurement noise covariance are ‎estimated based ‎on iterative noise information identification algorithm. Then all of the ‎updated values are used in the EKF ‎algorithm. This paper aims to address the issue of uncertainty in SOC estimation by proposing two algorithms. ‎The first algorithm focuses on identifying deterministic uncertainty, which refers to uncertainty in model ‎parameters. To address the challenge of uncertain model parameters, RLS is introduced.

Years of life lost (YLL) is commonly used to determine the social and economic burden of loss due to premature mortality. The present study estimated YLL based on general mortality groups in Golestan Province, Iran, in 2018.

In this cross-sectional study, by referring to the province death registration system information and using standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) of the World Health Organization (WHO), YLL was calculated due to premature mortality based on general mortality groups in ICD-10 (international classification of diseases 10th revision).

The total number of deaths in Golestan Province was 8543 in 2018. The overall YLL due to premature mortality was 129838 years, of which 57.4% occurred among men. The major causes of YLL due to premature mortality (YLL%) were diseases of the circulatory system (I00-I99) (32.3%), external causes (V01-Y89) (17.3%), certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00-P96) (14.5%), and cancers (C00-D48) (13.9%). After diseases of the circulatory system, the most common cause of YLL due to premature mortality is external causes (22.9%) among men and cancers (16.2%) among women. In general, the highest YLL rate occurred due to circulatory system diseases (22.5 per 1000 people).

According to the results of our study, most years of life lost in both sexes are related to diseases of the circulatory system, followed by external causes of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the diseases of the circulatory system and its causes, as well as external causes of morbidity and mortality.

Based on Julia Kristeva's theory, intertextuality is mainly a method that shows that each text is formed on the basis of previous texts, and it is a method that introduces history to structuralism and its orphaned and lonely texts and interpretations. Based on this method, some previous articles and researches have considered the novel Symphony of the Dead as a reflection of "the novel of fury and uproar" or "the novel of the city I loved once again". Although all these factors can be discussed and investigated, due to the similarity of some cultural aspects and the similarity of some historical and cultural events, such as the occurrence of world wars, the comprehensive system of fascism and capitalism, many literary texts may be combined in terms of structure and content. slow down But what seems certain based on the opinion of the authors is that the most important work that is close to the novel Symphony of the Dead in terms of content and structure is "The Play Death of a Salesman" by Arthur Miller. . In fact, according to the historical parallels, and the common experience of different nations in historical events, we can boldly say that Symphony of the Dead is an Iranian example of the play Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller.

The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and distress tolerance in women with spouses dependent on substances.

The research method employed was semi-experimental, utilizing a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all women with substance-dependent spouses dependent on substances who were referred to addiction treatment centers in Ahvaz city in 2024. Among these, 32 people were selected using convenience sampling and were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (n=16) and control (n=16). The participants in both groups completed the cognitive emotion regulation and distress tolerance questionnaires in the pre-test and post-test. Cognitive-behavioral therapy was conducted with the experimental group in eight 45-minute sessions, with a frequency of one session per week. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed a significant difference between the two groups. Cognitive-behavioral couple therapy increased distress tolerance and improved cognitive emotion regulation skills in women with substance-dependent spouses.

According to the obtained results, experts in the field of addiction can utilize cognitive behavioral therapy to enhance capabilities related to distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation skills.

The prevalence of psychological problems in the elderly with mild Alzheimer's is high, which requires interventions to solve these problems. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment on executive function and working memory of elderly people with mild Alzheimer's disease.

The research method was semi-experimental and pre-test, post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all elderly people with mild Alzheimer's disease in Kerman city in 2023, 30 people (15 people from the experimental group and 15 people from the control group) were selected by available sampling method. The data collection tool was the executive function questionnaires of Gerrard et al. (2000) and the working memory questionnaire of Enbeck (1985). The treatment intervention of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation in 10 sessions of 20 to 30 minutes and twice a week was performed on the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done with descriptive tests (mean and standard deviation) and covariance analysis using SPSS version 24 software. The level of P less than 0.05 was considered significant.

in the executive function variable, the mean and standard deviation of the experimental group in the pre-test was 146.92±16.74 and in the post-test 192.82±16.37 and in the working memory variable, the mean and standard deviation of the experimental group in the pre-test 36.19 ± 7.40 in the test and 68.59 ± 6.43 in the post-test. The results of covariance analysis also showed that repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment had an effect on the executive function and working memory of the elderly with mild Alzheimer's disease (P < 0.01).

Based on the research findings, the treatment of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation can be used to increase the active memory of the elderly with mild Alzheimer's.

La présente étude vise à analyser la volonté de communiquer des apprenants de FLE en classe virtuelle en contexte institutionnel iranien. L’objectif est d’examiner comment les facteurs situationnels, psychologiques et physiologiques influencent la volonté de communiquer des apprenants dans les situations de communication et interaction en classes virtuelles. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé un questionnaire, destiné aux apprenants de FLE, concernant leur volonté de communiquer, ainsi que des entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de quinze enseignants de FLE sur les stratégies mises en place pour augmenter la volonté de communiquer des apprenants. D’après les résultats, les facteurs transitoires physiologiques et situationnels, ainsi que les problèmes techniques liés aux dispositifs de cours virtuels, comme les problèmes de connexion, ont plus d’influence sur la volonté de communiquer des apprenants. De plus, l’analyse des facteurs influençant la volonté de communiquer des apprenants a montré que cette volonté n’est pas un désir fixe, mais une disposition momentanée et dynamique qui s’adapte et s’ajuste continuellement aux caractéristiques de la situation de communication.