fatemeh mohamadian

 One of the important indicators of growth and development is tooth eruption timing, which is influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to assess the relationship between different developmental parameters and eruption time of first primary tooth in infants aged 2-15 months.

 This cohort study was conducted on 873 infants aged 2-15 months in eastern health centers of Tehran, Iran. The height, weight, head circumference, breastfeeding/bottle-feeding practices, vitamin AD supplementation, and maternal age at birth of the infants were recorded. The eruption time of first primary tooth was recorded by monthly examination of infants at the health centers. The effects of qualitative and quantitative variables were analyzed using the independent t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the simultaneous effects of growth parameters on tooth eruption time at a significance level of 0.05.  

 The eruption time of first primary tooth had an inverse relationship with the weight (P<0.001), height (P=0.003), and head circumference (P=0.01) of the infants. The mean eruption time of the first primary tooth was 7.6 ± 1.7 months in normal birth weight infants (above 2500 g) and 9.7 ± 1.9 months in low birth weight infants (below 2500 g). There was no significant correlation between gender and the eruption time of the first primary tooth (P=0.16). However, the eruption time had significant relationships with maternal age, breastfeeding, and vitamin AD supplementation (P=0.001).

 higher birth weight, height, and head circumference, as well as breastfeeding and receiving vitamin AD supplements are correlated with earlier eruption of first primary tooth.

This scoping review allows a better understanding of current evidence regarding mirror therapy (MT) among children to help the future development of MT intervention protocol on children.

PubMed, Science-Direct, Web of Science and ProQuest databases were searched from January 2005 to January 2023 for interventions within the scope of MT for children. Google Scholar was also scanned for additional resources. The process of the present study was according to guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews. The main inclusion criteria were articles in English and Persian language and peer-reviewed empirical studies of MT for children. This study charted methodological information from articles according to participant characteristics, design, intervention, and outcome measures. 

Of 18 studies that were included in this scoping review, 17 studies were conducted in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy, and only two studies were in other conditions. A total of 16 articles were randomized controlled clinical trials, one case study and one single subject. Meanwhile, 33 outcomes were in the body structures (BS) and functions level, and 10 outcome measures were in the activities and participation levels of the International classification of functioning. 

The review indicates that in future studies, it is necessary to pay more attention to other disorders beyond hemiplegic cerebral palsy; furthermore, levels of activity and participation as the outcome need to be used more.

Appropriate behavior management techniques for child patients who refer to dental clinics leads to increased cooperation between children and parents with dentist. The purpose of this study is to determine the attitude of parents about the types of behavior management techniques used in children’s dental treatment and its relationship with personality type and parenting style.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 73 eligible parents in 2022 in Qom city, among parents of children referred to dental clinics, using three questionnaires. Friedman-Rosenman and Baumrind and self-constructed questionnaires. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, T test and Pearson correlation coefficient.

The mean age of parents was 5.97 ± 34.13, the mean age of their children was 2.59 ± 5.91. (27 males and 46 females). Hand over mouth (4.06), Papoose board (4.09), physical restraint (4.8) and general anesthesia (4.4) techniques had lowest, Voice control (4.9) and sedation techniques (5.5) had medium and tell-show-do (7.5), positive reinforcement (6.2) and mouth prop (5.9) techniques had highest mean scores among all. There was a significant relationship between personality type and parenting style with parents' attitude (P=0.04, P=0.028). There was no significant relationship between gender and age with parents' attitude (P=0.655, P=0.3)..

Hand-on-mouth, papoose board, physical restraint and anesthesia techniques showed the least compliance. positive reinforcement, tell-show-do and mouth prop techniques had the most compliance. Parents personality type and parenting style showed relation with attitude towards behavior management techniques in dental clinic.

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a rare inherited disorder associated with self-harming behaviors, delayed mental and motor development, and disturbances such as dysarthria, choreoathetosis, and spasticity. Severe inflicted behaviors in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome often include chewing and biting of the lips or fingers, which often require management. Techniques to deal with these behaviors include using appliances that restrict the behavior or ultimately extracting the teeth.

This case report presents a 6-year-old child with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and self-mutilation. He had chronic wounds in his buccal mucosa due to severe biting. Two acrylic devices with anterior and posterior bite plates were designed for the maxillary and mandibular teeth. At the follow-up visits, the wounds had been healed, but due to shedding of the primary teeth, and poor patient cooperation, the appliance design was slightly changed. The design of the device used for the patient inspires similar devices for patients with self-mutilation behaviors.

Early diagnosis and management of patients suffering from self-injurious behaviors may improve oral health-related quality of life of these patients. Acrylic appliances seem to be effective to minimize injury and to enhance fast healing of oral lesions.

Objective (s): Nanotechnology has gained importance in recent years due to its ability in the enhancement of materials properties and other specifications such as antimicrobial properties. Nano-sized materials have been applied in various fields of dentistry. Nanotechnology can be employed in orthodontics to enhance the quality of treatment. In the current study, a comprehensive review is carried out on the applications of nanotechnology in orthodontics. In the first step, various databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar and Pubmed were searched by using appropriate keywords for the present study. Afterwards, the related resources were selected to be reviewed. Finally, the key findings of the reviewed studies were represented and summarized. Based on the reviewed researches, nanotechnology is applicable in various aspects of orthodontics. By using nanotechnology, improved properties in mechanical and medical specifications are achievable. For instance, by using nano coating in archwires, the friction force between components can be reduced and facilitate its motion. In addition, adding some types of nano particles to the composites resulted in improvement in tensile and shear bond strength. Antimicrobial properties of specific nano particles such as silver makes them favorable for reducing microorganisms in orthodontics treatment. Moreover, nanotechnology can be used in nano-identation test to assess the tools employed in orthodontics. nanotechnology can be broadly employed in orthodontics to achieve better treatment including improved strength of utilized materials, more accurate positioning and reduced microorganisms.

Objective (s): Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are widely used for predicting systems’ behavior. GMDH is a type of ANNs which has remarkable ability in pattern recognition. The aim the current study is proposing a model to predict dynamic viscosity of silver/water nanofluid which can be used as antimicrobial fluid in several medical purposes. In order to have precise model, it is necessary to consider all influential factors. Temperature, concentration and size of nano particles are used as input variables of the model. In addition, GMDH artificial neural network is applied to design a proper model. Data for modeling are extracted from conducted experimental studies published in valuable journals. The dynamic viscosity of Ag/water nanofluid is precisely modeled by using GMDH. The obtained values for R-squared is equal to 0.9996 which indicates perfect precision of the proposed model. In addition, the highest relative deviation for the model is 2.2%. Based on the values of these statistical criteria, the model is acceptable and very accurate. GMDH artificial neural network is reliable approach to predict dynamic viscosity of Ag/water nanofluid by using temperature, concentration and size of particles as input data.

E-cadherin is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which is responsible for cell adhesion and its expression decreases in dysplastic lesions. This study aimed to assess the expression of this marker in oral lichen planus (OLP) with and without dysplasia to assess its potential for use as a predictor of malignant transformation.
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 OLP specimens using immunohistochemistry (IHC) by streptavidin-biotin technique. For this purpose, E-cadherin antibody was used and the intensity score (IS), proportional score (PS) and total score (TS) were calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The relationship between the intensity of expression of E-cadherin and dysplastic changes was assessed using the Mann Whitney U test. P The TS of E-cadherin expression was 3 to 6 and 3 in the superficial and deep layers of 100% of specimens with dysplasia, respectively. The TS of E-cadherin expression was 3 to 6 in the superficial layer of 82.5% of specimens and 3 in deep layers of 81.2% of specimens without dysplasia. According to the Mann Whitney U test, the expression of E-cadherin in the superficial (P=0.90) and deep (P=0.35) layers was not significantly different between the two groups of OLP with and without dysplasia.
No significant difference was found in the expression of E-cadherin in OLP specimens with and without dysplasia. It may be concluded that in contrast to other preneoplastic lesions, dysplastic changes of OLP do not follow other malignant transformation patterns in the oral mucosa.

Children with cerebral palsy may receive various rehabilitative intervention programs aimed at facilitating their development and improving their functional independence in such areas as movement, self-care, playing, leisure and school activities. Occupational therapists working with children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) employ a variety of therapeutic approaches among which neurodevelopmental treatment approach has been traditionally the most common. Considering the expansion of family-centered therapy approaches, the importance of obligation to the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health principles (ICF, WHO, 2001), limitations of current therapy approaches and recent advances from dynamic systems theory, there is an urgent need to develop a new approach in occupational therapy at the present time. The aims of this study were to present a brief description of CP with an emphasis on the role of occupational therapy in it and to explore the benefits of family-centered approach, dynamic systems theory and family-centered functional therapy in the rehabilitation process of children with cerebral palsy. In this study, a comprehensive review of the literature published from 1966 to 2011 was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and Google Scholar data bases. The keywords used in search were “cerebral palsy”, “functional”, “therapy”, “family-centered”. All articles were initially evaluated according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and then selected article were reviewed. Of 128 articles found, 22 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were considered as appropriate for this study. Family-centered functional therapy, which combines theoretical principles of occupational therapy, family centered approach and dynamic systems theory of motor development, is an optimal response to developmental needs of children with cerebral palsy. However, the efficacy of this approach has not been proven empirically.

According to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), children with Cerebral palsy may have considerable impairments and limitations in all levels of body structure and functioning, activity, and participation in social roles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of adapted constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) on outcome measurements based on ICF levels.

In a single-blinded randomized controlled trial, 28 participants who met preset inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into two groups: CIMT and the controls. Subjects in CIMT group were provided with the intervention for 10 out of 12 consecutive days and another group received routine occupational therapy services. Independent-sample t test and paired-sample t test were used for statistical analysis of data.

At ICF level of body structure and function, significant differences in shoulder muscle tone and forearm and wrist passive range of motion (PROM) were found between the two studied groups. At activity and participation levels, similar differences were also indicated in dexterity, bilateral coordination, bimanual coordination and Caregiver Functional Use Survey (how well & how frequently) (P < 0.05).

Implementing the adapted constraint induced movement therapy protocol through a child-friendly approach was proved to improve hand functions and activities of daily living.