fatemeh momeni

Experimenting is one of the ways to learn the general principles and results of science, which can make students think, discuss, draw conclusions, and ultimately make learning desirable. Helping students understand many topics of chemistry textbooks ensures sufficient attention and intelligent implementation of the guidelines of each experiment to learn topics even more deeply. The present research was conducted with the aim of exploring the ways of increasing students' interest and learning in chemistry by conducting chemistry experiments during the academic year of 1402-1403. The statistical population of the research was selected from among 24 female students of the twelfth grade of the experimental field of Mahbobeh Danesh school in Ashtian, Iran. This research was investigated with the action research method and using individual findings, observation, interviews with experts, study of scientific sources, and researcher made questionnaire among twelfth grade students. The findings indicate that conducting chemistry experiments while teaching chemistry led to more learning in the 12th chemistry lesson and increased students' interest in chemistry. It also caused an increase in their motivation and consolidation of the 12th chemistry content in students’ minds.

Textbooks are one of the most important sources of learning in the educational system, and they also form the main materials of the school curriculum. Textbooks play an important role in the formation of students' national identity. The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the national identity in the chemistry book (3) of the twelfth grade of high school. The research method is quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The data collection tool includes a checklist in content analysis, and the unit of analysis is the theme. The components of national identity in this research are: symbol, value, cultural heritage, celebrities and personalities, events. The statistical population of the chemistry book (3) is the 12th grade of high school in 1401-1402. The results of the qualitative analysis show emphasis on national symbols, especially the Persian alphabet, attention to national values, especially social values, attention to places and buildings in terms of cultural heritage, and little attention to contemporary celebrities and personalities, especially contemporary chemists and their books, as well as events. and events. According to the results, 224 cases have been referred to the concept of national identity. among the dimensions of national identity, symbols have the highest frequency with 45.99% and personalities have the lowest frequency with 0.44%.

Aging is a natural phenomenon in the path of human evolution. The elderly face many challenges at this stage. Anxiety, depression, and grief over the loss of loved ones can affect the general well-being of an elderly person. Structured reminiscence therapy is one of the therapeutic methods used to improve mental health and general well-being of the elderly. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of structured reminiscing on the dimensions of general well-being of elderly women in Yazd.

The quasi-experimental research method was a pretest-posttest type with a control group, and the statistical population included all the elderly women in Yazd city in 1402. Among them, 46 people were selected by purposeful sampling and assigned to two experimental and control groups. The tool used in this research was general well-being questionnaire of Harold G. and Dapoy. Structured reminiscing was conducted on the experimental group during 8 sessions of 60 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The results were analyzed using statistical software Spss25 and Manova test.

The results showed that structured reminiscing had an effect on the dimensions of general well-being, including anxiety, depression, positive well-being, feeling of self-control, and general health. Regarding the feeling of vitality dimension, the training could not be effective and there was no improvement in this dimension.

Therefore, structured reminiscence is used as an intervention to improve the dimensions of general well-being of the elderly women, and mental health of the elderly.

Subject and purpose of the article: Improving the quality of disclosure is one of the effective factors for achieving an efficient capital market and optimal capital allocation. Considering the importance of sociological theories in accounting knowledge and using Islamic theoretical foundations, the current research tries to investigate this importance. The current research aims to explain the concept and components of disclosure quality in accounting from the perspective of Islam, focusing on the Structuration Theory.Research This article is in the category of qualitative research, which was carried out in line with the purpose of the research by examining scientific and Quranic texts and interviewing 12 experts and members of the academic faculty of the accounting department with research experience in the fields of sociology and Islamic sciences. In this study, the obtained information was analyzed using the theme analysis method. The research tools in the qualitative part were in-depth and semi-structured interviews, and the research sample was selected using a combination of non-probability, purposeful judgmental, and snowball methods. Research According to research findings, disclosure approach, disclosure framework, disclosure strategies, disclosure levels, and disclosure dimensions were identified as the main themes of the research, which explain the components and quality model of disclosure from the perspective of Islam in the framework of Structuration Theory.Conclusion, originality and its addition to knowledge: the accounting system with the priority of disclosure over moral and social obligations and responsibilities in the framework of the usefulness of information for decision-making, as well as the usefulness and ethics of the accounting system according to the explained components, a new and comprehensive model for Provides quality exposure

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the different assignments of the 10th chemistry lesson on increasing students' learning and familiarity with the applications of chemistry in the lives of the 10th grade experimental science students of Shahid Mahbobe Danesh School in Ashtian city in the academic year of 1401-1402. This research was investigated with the action research method and using the researcher-made questionnaire tool among the students. The validity of this research was confirmed by asking the opinion of 2 senior teachers of Arak city and its reliability was also confirmed by retesting. The findings indicate that giving divergent assignments to students leads to an increase in students' learning and more familiarity with the applications of chemistry in their lives, as well as more stabilization of the contents of the chemistry lesson in their minds, as well as a deeper understanding and understanding of this lesson. . It is suggested that teachers use divergent assignments to increase learning in chemistry.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of impulse control training on problem solving, frustration and social competence of adolescents with behavioral disorders. The experimental research method was of experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group.The statistical population of the research included all the students of Nowshahr high school in the academic year of2018-2019, whose number was2060. The research sample consisted of36 students with behavioral disorder who were randomly selected from among the students with behavioral disorder and replaced by simple random in two experimental and control groups.To collect data, the revised checklist of behavioral problems,the short form of the social problem solving questionnaire, the frustration questionnaire and the social adequacy test were used.The results of covariance analysis showed that impulse control training in the experimental group has been associated with an increase in positive and logical problem solving and a decrease in negative,impulsive,avoidant problem solving,frustration,and an increase in the social competence of adolescents with behavioral disorders.

Impulse control training gives adolescents with behavioral disorders the ability to control their destructive behavior, which can reduce their impulsive and destructive behavior and increase correct problem-solving skills,which in turn It can improve relationships with peers in the long term,which ultimately reduces their sense of frustration,which results in an increase in their sense of social competence.In the end, based on the findings of this research, it is suggested that the effectiveness of impulse control training on other interpersonal and academic problems and adolescents be investigated.

Abstract</span></span></span></span></span></span>
Background &

</span> Anxiety, as an integral part of people's lives, is an unpleasant and widespread feeling and state of concern with an unknown source and is accompanied by physiological and physical symptoms. It becomes a disorder when experienced abstractly and continuously and affects a person's daily functioning. One of the most common anxiety disorders is social anxiety disorder. About 7% of people experience social anxiety disorder during one year, which makes it one of the most common mental disorders. This disorder limits the quality and lifestyle of a person with social anxiety. It affects essential decisions in the person's life and, in most cases, causes the loss of many vital opportunities, especially for students. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of virtual reality therapy, relaxation, and cognitive–emotional regulation strategies on social anxiety and its symptoms among university students with social anxiety.</span></span>

</span> This quasi–experimental study employed a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The independent variable in this study was treatment with three methods (virtual reality therapy, relaxation, cognitive–emotional regulation), and the dependent variable was the symptoms of social anxiety disorder. The statistical population of the present study included all undergraduate students of Mazandaran University, Iran, in the academic year of 2019–20. Of these students, 48 samples were selected and randomly divided into four groups: virtual reality therapy (12 people), relaxation (12 people), cognitive–emotional regulation strategies (12 people), and control (12 people). The inclusion criteria were as follows: being a student at the undergraduate level of Mazandaran University, having social anxiety based on DSM–5 diagnostic criteria found on a structured diagnostic interview, and providing informed consent to participate in the research. Non–cooperation during the experiment and absence in the treatment sessions were considered the exclusion criteria. We used the Structured Clinical Interview (</span>Mennin et al., 2002</span>) and the Social Anxiety Scale (Liebowitz, 1987) to collect the study data. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and univariate covariance (ANCOVA) were used</span> in SPSS software version 21. The hypotheses were tested at the significance level of 0.05.</span></span>

</span> The findings showed that virtual reality, relaxation, and cognitive strategies of emotional regulation therapies were effective in reducing social anxiety and its symptoms (anxiety and avoidance) in students with social anxiety (p<0.001). Also, virtual reality therapy and emotional regulation cognitive strategies therapy were more effective than relaxation therapy in reducing social anxiety subscales (p<0.05).</span></span>

</span> Virtual reality therapy, relaxation therapy, and emotional regulation cognitive strategies are effective treatments to reduce the symptoms of social anxiety disorder. Among them, virtual reality therapy and cognitive–emotional regulation strategies are more effective and can be used more. </span></span></span></span>

One of the areas of criminology in recent decades is victimology. With the spread of cyberspace, we are confronting with a new type of victims called cyber victims. Cyberspace for various reasons allows a variety of crimes and victimization of criminals. It can have unfortunate consequences in the individual and social spheres. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors affecting cyber victimization with emphasis on the theory of daily life. This study was conducted on survey and data gathered from 384 citizens of Babol city.by using multi-stage cluster sampling method and questionnaire. The results of the correlation test show that There is a significant relationship between the variables of daily life theory and the experience of victimization in cyberspace (diversity of cyberspace use, high-risk behaviors in cyberspace, physical protection, personal protection, attractiveness, experience of near-by victimization and lack of security and control). At the same time, the relationship between physical support and personal support is the opposite of victimization. Beta = 0.12), cyber security Beta = 0.11 had a significant effect on cyber victims, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) is calculated as 0.26%, respectively. This means that 26% of the changes in the "cyber victimization experience" are explained by the variables in the equation

Performing sports exercises at any age can improve physical and mental health and boost self-confidence. Creating an environment for group and movement games can help enhance children's executive functions and attention. Thus, the present study was conducted to compare the impact of activities based on executive and perceptual-motor functions on the anxiety levels of 9-7-year-old children.

The statistical sample of the current research included 3 groups of 20 people, consisting of 10 girls and 10 boys, who were selected through available sampling. The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) was used to measure the children's anxiety levels. The first experimental group performed activities based on executive function in the form of abacus training and practice, and the second experimental group performed perceptual-motor activities in 16 sessions of 45 minutes for 8 weeks (2 sessions per week). The control group had no continuous, purposeful mental, perceptual-motor, or physical activities. At the end of the intervention, a posttest similar to the pretest was performed for all participants. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance, the Bonferroni post hoc test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney test in SPSS software at an error level of α ≤ 0.05.

The results showed that by controlling the effect of the anxiety score in the pretest, the average anxiety score in the executive functions group (P < 0.001) and the perceptual-motor functions group (p = 0.006) was significantly lower than the control group. However, the average anxiety scores of the two experimental groups were not significantly different (P = 0.176).

Since executive and perceptual-motor function activities effectively reduce children's anxiety, it is suggested that these exercises be included in sports and recreational programs for children with anxiety.

Today, eating disorders are a major issue in society and are considered to be the most important psychological disorders that are rooted in biological, psychological, social and cultural issues. These disorders cause physical and mental health problems and impair the quality of life of the sufferer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT) on self-concept and depression in people with binge eating disorder. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all people with binge eating disorder in Tehran, of which 30 people were selected by targeted sampling method and then assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group used Beck Depression Infection (BDI-II) and Overeating (BES) and a covariance analysis test was used to test the research hypotheses. According to the rate of 1600F = 700. In the variable of self-concept and 587 / 997F = in the variable of depression, it can be stated that there are significant changes between the experimental and control groups in the posttest. Acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT) has been shown to improve self-concept, reduce depression, and significantly reduce the symptoms of overeating in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results of this study showed that acceptance-based therapy (ACT) is effective in improving self-concept and reducing depression and symptoms of binge eating, and the use of this treatment seems to be beneficial.

The present study, entitled "Children 's role modeling and behavior with regard to the important and vital role of the media", tries to investigate the positive effects and negative consequences of children' s dependence on television. Communication between individuals, which causes the transfer of concepts, thoughts and information from one person to another, is the main condition for the emergence and continuation of collective life; Because the collective life of human beings has no meaning without the existence of values, norms, goals and even conflicts that arise through communication. In addition, the emergence and perpetuation of group (social) values, norms, cultural content, as well as social learning processes and at the same time social contradictions, arise only through communication. Individuals need to be aware of the goals, intentions, awareness, and thinking of others in order to be able to respond to them. Although speech is the most common way of communicating between people, it is done in different ways. It should be noted that non-verbal communication also plays a major role in communication between individuals.

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of restless legs syndrome amongst patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Participants were 384 patients aged more than 18 years who had a history of admission with a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the gastroenterology hospital in Guilan, Iran. The diagnosis of restless legs syndrome (RLS) was confirmed based on DSM-V, and its severity was identified using the International Restless Legs Scale (IRLS) questionnaire. The participants were assigned into two groups; patients with a history of IBD and RLS (n=61) and IBD without RLS (n=323). The prevalence of RLS, as well as demographic variables, have been analyzed between groups using the Chi-square test.

The prevalence of RLS was 15.9%. It was significantly higher in; women (P=0.042), primary/secondary, and high school graduates (p<0.0001), married (p =0.011), and retired (p =0.021) patients. The prevalence of RLS in patients affected with anemia was significantly more (p =0.043). Increasing age (OR=1.06) and the duration of IBD (OR=1.08) were associated with increased risk of RLS.

Our findings indicate RLS frequently happens in patients with IBD. As RLS can affect sleep quality, it should be considered as one of the causes of sleep disturbance in patients with IBD.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of resiliency training on life expectancy and psychological well-being of mothers with children with special learning disabilities in Tehran in 1398. The method of this study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study was all mothers with children with learning disabilities in Tehran. Using available sampling method, 30 individuals (15 for each group) were selected from mothers of children with specific learning disabilities in Tehran and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 minutes of 90 minute resuscitation training and the control group remained on the waiting list. Data collection was done based on Life expectancy Schneider (2000) Questionnaire and Psychological Well-being Reef (1980) Questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPSS software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (covariance analysis). The results showed that the mean of experimental group increased in life expectancy and psychological well-being of mothers with children with specific learning disabilities compared to control group. It can be said that resilience education has been effective on life expectancy and psychological well-being of mothers of children with specific learning disabilities, so the results represent new horizons in clinical interventions and can be used as an effective intervention method.

Periostin acts as necessary protein in tissue development and has a key role in tooth-supporting tissues such as periodontal ligament. The effect of inflammation on reducing periostin level has been shown in some studies. The aim of this study was to compare the salivary and Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) periostin levels in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy peers.

In this matched case-control study, 106 participants (53 patients with chronic periodontitis and 53 healthy controls) were studies after signing a informed consent form. They were matched for age, gender, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The GCF and salivary samples were collected from all participants and were assessed using standard Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The statistical analysis was conducted in Stata V. 11.

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.34).

 The salivary and GCF periostin levels was significantly lower in patients than in healthy subjects (P<0.001). Moreover, the periostin levels was significantly different based on periodontal parameters (P<0.001).

 There is association between the incidence of chronic periodontitis and salivary and GCF periostin levels. Hence, the periostin may act as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis  of chronic periodontitis and prevention of its progression.

Based on the passion of autism spectrum disorder children to social story, it is important way to handle them and learn relation to them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of social stories on increasing social skills of children was with autism spectrum disorder.

Method of study was experimental and pretest–posttest design with control group. The statistical population was 10 students with autism spectrum disorder (8–11 years, son) was born in Kermanshah (Western of Iran). They randomly selected were located in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 35 sessions of 30–minute sessions and was conducted during two and a half months, while the control group did not receive such training. Both group were evaluated by social communication questionnaire (SCQ) in two pre–test and post–test and by use of independent samples t–test. 

The results showed that the use of social story on the experimental group has a significant effect in improving their social skills (p<0.05). 

The results of this research can be concluded that the use of social stories can be an appropriate way to improve the social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Cognitive impairment is one of the most common, severe, and life-threatening complications aftersurgery that understanding the factors affecting it, reduces the incidence of this complication. Therefore, the aimof this study was to investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment after anesthesia in patients over 60 yearsof age, and determination of risk factors.
The study included 384 patients older than 60 years of age undergoing surgery. Mini mental state
examination (MMSE) questionnaire was used to assess demographic and cognitive impairment before, and one and three days after the surgery. To compare quantities and qualitative data, t, chi-square, and Mann-Whitneytests were recruited.
Findings: The frequency of mild and moderate cognitive impairment was 21.6 and 1.8, 38.8 and 12.5, and 46.6a nd 5.2 percent before, and one and three days after the surgery, respectively. The high prevalence of cognitive
impairment after surgery had significant correlation with older age, female gender, low education levels, being
single, smoking and alcohol consumption, general anesthesia, and longer hospitalization (P Based on these findings, we can say that the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly was
high after surgery. Moreover, we found that older age, female gender, low education, single people, history ofsmoking and alcohol consumption, general anesthesia, and length of stay in hospital increased cognitiveimpairment in patients over age 60 years of age.

Humic acid is a trihalomethane component in water supplies, causing various health disorders in humans.
This study was performed to examine humic acid adsorption on saturated activated carbon and to evaluate adsorbent regeneration through ultrasonic processes.
In the present study, effects of various parameters, including initial concentration of humic acid, pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and temperature, on the adsorption stage were investigated. Also, effects of different parameters, such as regeneration time, pH, and number of saturation-regeneration cycles, were studied in the regeneration stage.
The highest percentage of humic acid removal was reported at pH of three and initial humic acid concentration of 10 mg/L. The highest adsorption capacity of activated carbon was 29.7 mg/g at adsorbent dosage of 0.1 g/L and contact time of 10 minutes. The results of thermodynamic experiments showed that removal of humic acid by saturated activated carbon was endothermic. Also, maximum regeneration occurred at pH of 11 and contact time of 60 minutes. Finally, the adsorption capacity of saturated activated carbon changed from 42.94 to 42.14 mg/g after five cycles of saturation and regeneration.
The results of this study showed that activated carbon is an effective adsorbent in the removal of humic acid from water. Also, the ultrasonic process is effective in regeneration of activated carbon, saturated with humic acid.

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the e?ectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) on pain and ankle?hindfoot scale of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score of patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy (AT).
In this double?blind clinical trial, 43 patients with chronic AT were selected and randomly allocated in two groups to receive a basic treatment with ESWT or sham SWT (radial and focused shock waves, four sessions once a week for 4 weeks). AOFAS and pain scores for each patient were recorded at baseline (before intervention), immediately after intervention, and 4 and 16 weeks after intervention using AOFAS and visual analog scale (VAS) scaling method.
A total of 43 patients (22 ESWT and 21 sham SWT) were participated in this study. Both groups improved during the treatment and follow?up period. Te mean VAS score decreased from 7.55 to 3 in the intervention group and from 7.70 to 4.30 in the sham SWT group. Mean AOFAS and VAS scores were signifcantly di?erent between ESWT and no ESWT groups at 16 weeks of follow?up (P = 0.013) (P = 0.47). Tere was no signifcant di?erence in terms of AOFAS and VAS scores between both the groups in the other follow?up times.
Overall, ESWT causes decrease in VAS score and increase in AOFAS score. However, due to the small sample size, the results were not statistically signifcant. It is recommended to plan more interventional studies with larger sample size in the future.

We aim to compare the degree of pain control and complications in three types of anesthesia using periprostatic nerve block (PPNB) plus intrarectal local anesthesia (IRLA), low?dose spinal anesthesia, and intravenous (IV) sedation in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)?guided prostate biopsy.
In this clinical trial study, 106 patients were participated from December 2015 to December 2016 at Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Patients were randomly allocated into three groups to receive PPNB plus IRLA (n = 36), low?dose spinal anesthesia (n = 35) and IV sedation (n = 35) before TRUS?guided prostate biopsy. Pain scores were recorded using a 10 point visual analog scale right after the biopsy was done. Early and late complications were assessed using a questionnaire after the procedure and in follow?up of patients.
Overall, the pain score in the low?dose spinal anesthesia group was signifcantly lower than PPNB plus IRLA and IV sedation groups (P Tis study demonstrates that low?dose spinal anesthesia is superior to PPNB plus IRLA and IV sedation in terms of pain controlling and was associated with higher tolerance of the examination and patient comfort.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of accidental extracardiac findings in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography of coronary arteries.
Patients with suspected coronary artery disease were evaluated with multidetector computed tomography during injection of contrast material. Images were reviewed for extracardiac findings which were classified as therapy needed, further workup needed, follow-up needed, and no further action needed.
Findings: Extracardiac findings were detected in 24.30% of patients. The frequency of the findings classified as needed therapy, needed workup, needed follow-up, and no further action needed was 1.94%, 8.02%, 10.94%, and 3.40%, respectively.
The prevalence of noncardiac findings on cardiac multidetector computed tomography was noticeable. To avoid missing clinically important findings, all the fields of cardiac multidetector computed tomography should be evaluated carefully.

Te link between autoimmune thyroid diseases and Vitamin D defciency has been reported. However, there are controversies in this regard. We conducted a double?blind randomized placebo?controlled clinical trial to investigate the e?ect of Vitamin D defciency treatment on thyroid function and autoimmunity marker (thyroid peroxidase antibody [TPO?Ab]) in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
ifty?six patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Vitamin D defciency (25?hydroxyvitamin D level ?20 ng/mL) were randomly allocated into two groups to receive Vitamin D (50000 IU/week, orally) or placebo for 12 weeks, as Vitamin D?treated (n = 30) and control (n = 26) groups, respectively. TPO?Ab, thyroid?stimulating hormone (TSH), parathormone, calcium, albumin, and creatinine concentrations were compared before and after trial between and within groups. Te data were presented as mean (standard error [SE]) and analyzed by appropriate tests.
Mean (SE) of Vitamin D was increased in Vitamin D?treated group (45.5 [1.8] ng/mL vs. 12.7 [0.7] ng/mL, P = 0.01). Mean (SE) of TPO?Ab did not signifcantly change in both groups (734 [102.93] IU/mL vs. 820.25 [98.92] IU/mL, P = 0.14 in Vitamin D?treated and 750.03 [108.7] [IU/mL] vs. 838.07 [99.4] [IU/mL] in placebo?treated group, P = 0.15). Mean (SE) of TSH was not changed in both groups after trial, P = 0.4 and P = 0.15 for Vitamin D?treated and control groups, respectively. No signifcant di?erence was observed between two study groups in none studied variables (P > 0.05).
Vitamin D treatment in Vitamin D defcient patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis could not have signifcant e?ect on thyroid function and autoimmunity.

Over the past several years our laboratories have investigated different aspects of the challenging issue of the alterations in bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics induced by physical stresses.
To explore the bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics in samples of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium), Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae after exposure to gamma radiation emitted from the soil samples taken from the high background radiation areas of Ramsar, northern Iran.
Standard Kirby-Bauer test, which evaluates the size of the zone of inhibition as an indicator of the susceptibility of different bacteria to antibiotics, was used in this study.
The maximum alteration of the diameter of inhibition zone was found for K. pneumoniae when tested for ciprofloxacin. In this case, the mean diameter of no growth zone in non-irradiated control samples of K. pneumoniae was 20.3 (SD 0.6) mm; it was 14.7 (SD 0.6) mm in irradiated samples. On the other hand, the minimum changes in the diameter of inhibition zone were found for S. typhimurium and S. aureus when these bacteria were tested for nitrofurantoin and cephalexin, respectively.
Gamma rays were capable of making significant alterations in bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. It can be hypothesized that high levels of natural background radiation can induce adaptive phenomena that help microorganisms better cope with lethal effects of antibiotics.

Although the aim of cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is to visualize the cardiac, coronary, and great vessels, portions of noncardiac structures such as lung, mediastinum, bones and abdomen are visible on the scan. some have suggested that the scans should be evaluated in all field of view. Some other believe that reporting accidental findings can lead to unnecessary follow up and anxiety. prevalence and seriously of the findings can guided the need for reporting the accidental findings or not. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence and seriously of accidental extracardiac findings on MDCT angiography of coronary arteries.
A total of 411 patients with suspected coronary artery disease were evaluated with MDCT during injection of contrast material. Images were reviewed for extracardiac findings which were classified as therapy needed, further work up needed, follow up needed and no further action needed.
Extracardiac findings were detected in 24.33% patients. findings were classified as needed therapy (1.94%), needed work up (8.02%), needed follow up (10.94%), no further action needed (3.40%). Among the findings, which needed treatment, were lung infiltration and pulmonary emboli and one case of malignancy. hiatal hernia was the most common finding, followed by pulmonary nodules which were seen in (2.9%) of patient.
Coronary artery MDCT can reveal important findings and disease in extracardiac structures. On other hand the prevalence of noncardiac findings on cardiac MDCT was significant. To avoid missing clinically important findings, all the field of cardiac MDCT should be evaluated carefully.

Currently، several methods are used to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions; one of which is the adsorption process. Graphene oxide nanoparticles، due to their high adsorption capacity، have caused major concerns. The current study aimed at assessing the role of these particles in removing Chromium and Lead from aqueous solutions. This empirical study investigated the effect of the initial concentration of pollutants، their PH، adsorbent dose، time and temperature on graphen oxide nanoparticles capacity in removing Chromium and Lead from aqueous solutions. Maximum adsorption efficiency occurred at PH=9 with initial concentration of 4 mg/L and at PH=3 with initial concentration of 3 mg/L for Lead and chromium، respectively. Maximum efficiency of Lead and Chromium adsorption by graphen oxide occurred at 0. 01 g dosage of the adsorbent and after 15 minutes of contact time; i. e. 90% and 42. 33%، respectively. Results showed that adsorption of the two metals was better in accord with Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic reaction results revealed that Cr adsorption reaction was exothermic and that of Pb was endothermic. The adsorbent Graphen Oxide has got a favorable role in removal of the two contaminants; Lead and Chromium from aqueous solutions and waste waters.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of music therapy (lullabies) on physiological parameters and growth of premature infants during the " Kangaroo mother Care" (kmc).
method design was experimental and population were premature infants of babol city from esfand 1392 to bahman 1393. Because of the difficulties of achieving a sample of premature infants, available sampling was used. The sample consist of 24 premature infants(12 in control group and 12 in experimental group).first fertility specification questioner completed and physiological parameters, including heart rate (per minute) and arterial oxygen saturation were recorded on “symptom form” on a daily basis . Growth indicators, including height and head circumference were recorded on “Fenton growth curve" on a weekly basis.
data analysis showed that the effect of repeated weight was significant but the interactive effects of repeated weight in groups was not significant while the effect of repeated head circumference and height was significant and the interactive effects of head circumference and height was significant .differences between two groups in (ratemax), (changemin) ,(changemax) ,(Spo2min) and (Spo2mid) were significant.
results suggest that (kmc) with lullaby have an important role in improving infants and maternal comfort and can serve as a complement to environmental protection along with medical support.