fatemeh yari

The current and alarming situation of the COVID-19 pandemic may cause anxiety in pregnant women.

Given the importance of both physical and mental health for expectant women, this study investigated COVID-19 anxiety among pregnant women referred to Asalian Hospital in Khorramabad during 2021 - 2022.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women referred to Asalian Hospital in Khorramabad. A total of 253 pregnant women were included in the study based on the study criteria and the available sampling method. The Corona Virus Anxiety Scale was used to collect data through a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t -tests were employed to examine the data, with the significance level set at 0.05.

The mean age of expectant women was 27.7 ± 3.56 years. The average anxiety score among the pregnant women was 4.39 ± 3.99, with physical and mental dimension scores of 1.67 ± 1.89 and 2.71 ± 2.15, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the average anxiety scores related to COVID-19 based on education, place of residence, and the number of pregnancies (P < 0.05).

The present study found that pregnant women experienced a low level of anxiety in response to COVID-19. The average score for the psychological aspect of COVID-19-related anxiety among these women was greater than that for the physical aspect. Therefore, by increasing public awareness about COVID-19 and providing positive psychological programs in the media aimed at managing stress, anxiety in pregnant women can be effectively reduced.

 Breast cancer threatens the lives of many women around the world each year. Although mammography is considered the gold standard for early detection of early-stage breast cancer, different diagnostic methods such as the Breastlight device have been proposed for cancer screening in recent years. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Breastlight and mammography in women referred to clinics in Khorramabad, Iran in 2018.

 In this clinical trial, 252 women older than 40 years of age who were eligible for breast cancer screening or had breast complaints were included. The breast tissue was first assessed using a Breastlight device in a dark room. Then, all participants were re-examined by mammography. The results of Breastlight and mammography methods including true positive rate, true negative rate, false positive rate, and false negative rate were compared. The main bases of comparison were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of mammography and Breastlight methods. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22.

 Compared to mammography, the Breastlight method showed a sensitivity of 78.3%, specificity of 99.5%, PPV of 97%, NPV of 95%, and diagnostic accuracy of 95.6%.

Although mammography is more effective than other common methods in diagnosing early-stage breast cancer, Breastlight is a simple and cost-effective device that can be considered a valid tool in breast cancer screening.

Immune responses are pivotal in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, where Regulatory T cells (Treg) can contribute to sustaining the infection by suppressing immune responses. Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) is the central regulator of Treg cells. In this case-control study, we investigated the role of FoxP3 -3279 (rs3761548) C/A polymorphism in the context of HBV infection. The study encompassed 140 healthy individuals as the control group and 70 individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus (CHBV) as the case group. The rs3761548 polymorphism was analyzed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR (PCR-RFLP) method. Furthermore, we evaluated FoxP3 gene expression in both HBV-positive and control groups using Real-Time PCR. The results revealed that the frequency of the AA genotype in the case and control groups was 52.9% and 44.3%, respectively, yielding an odds ratio (OR) of 1.411 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.793 to 2.509. However, this difference did not achieve statistical significance (P = 0.242). Notably, the AC genotype was significantly more prevalent in the control group compared to the case group (P = 0.000). Moreover, FoxP3 gene expression was significantly higher in CHBV infection cases compared to the control group (P = 0.000). These findings suggest that the observed polymorphism may play a role in the pathogenesis and persistence of HBV infection. Nevertheless, further research is warranted to comprehensively investigate this phenomenon.

This research examines the role of managerial ability in relation to integrated risk management and business continuity risk of companies through the use of the support vector machine (SVM) model to determine the business continuity risk index.

The support vector machine has been used to determine business continuity. The number of 180 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and 2160 years/ company observations from 2008 to 2020 (12 years) were investigated. The support vector machine model was used to measure the business continuity risks. The Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) was used to test the research hypothesis. The support vector machine (SVM) model was used to measure business continuity risks.

The results indicate that the greater the managerial ability, the lower the business continuity risks. They also confirm that managerial ability is an important indicator in reducing business continuity risks. In addition, the managerial ability has a positive and significant relationship with Enterprise Risk Management.

Single umbilical artery (SUA) is an uncommon yet clinically noticeable anomaly that has been suspected to be correlated with a wide range of pregnancy complications. We hereby present a 30-year-old pregnant woman who was diagnosed with SUA fetus in the 20th week of her pregnancy and was admitted to our center in the 33rd week. During the hospitalization, Doppler studies were performed to monitor fetal development. Later, fetoplacental insufficiency and brain-sparing effect were reported on Doppler ultrasound, indicating asymmetrical Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). SUA might be associated with concurrent fetal anomalies including cardiological, nephrological, gastrointestinal, and nervous disorders. Moreover, there is an increased risk of small for gestational age and IUGR compared with normal pregnancies. It is crucial to assess the umbilical cord anatomy during pregnancy to diagnose SUA at lower gestational ages and schedule a precise follow-up to prevent adverse outcomes.

Various methods have been used to isolate red blood cell (RBC) membrane antigens. In this regard, obtaining the antigen and preserving its structure is of special importance. However, limited studies have been conducted to purify cellular membrane antigens such as Rh proteins.

In this experimental study, Rhc antigens of the RBC membrane was purified. Here, the RBC membrane was solubilized through the lysis buffer. Next, dialysis and affinity chromatography were performed using polyclonal anti-human RhCcEe antibody to isolate Rhc/e antigens from the RBCs with the following blood group characteristics: Rhc+, RhC-, Rhe+, and RhE-. The purified proteins were evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and dot blot methods. The immunization process was performed in Balb/c mice using the Rhc antigen as an immunogen. After the last injection, the mouse serum was used to titrate antibodies.

Protein bands of the purified antigen were observed in the silver-stained SDS-PAGE gel (region of 25-35 kDa). The OD405nm = 0.56 ± 0.05 results showed the reactivity with Rhc antibody. The specificity of the purified protein was evaluated using the dot blot assay. The anti-sera titration was greater than 1/10,000 against Rhc-coated microwells. Rh antigens can be isolated from the RBC membrane using the non-ionic NP-40 detergent and affinity chromatography.

The Rh antigen can be isolated from the RBC membrane with proper purity by solubilization with the non-ionic NP-40 detergent and purification by affinity chromatography. It seems that the membrane antigen maintains its antigenicity and structure. As a result, it can be detected by blood group-specific antibodies used in the hemagglutination method. Purified antigens may be used to generate antibodies or to study the protein structure.

The DNA fragmentation index (DFI) is an essential marker in evaluating male fertility. Lifestyle is supposed to have a remarkable effect on enhancing this index and, subsequently, male fertility.

This study investigated the relationship between lifestyle habits and sperm DFI in infertile men admitted to Shahid Rahimi and Shohada-ye Ashayer hospitals in Khorramabad, Iran, from 2020 to 2021.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 222 infertile men. The samples were divided into three groups based on their sperm DFI: < 15%, 15 - 30%, and < 30%. In each group, alcohol consumption, smoking, age, and body mass index (BMI) were compared. The analysis was performed by SPSS software (version 22) using the chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.

The mean age of patients was 37.45 ± 5.99 years. The DFI was < 15%, 15 - 30%, and 30% < in 119 (53.6%), 69 (31.1%), and 34 (15.3%) individuals, respectively. The mean age in the DFI groups of less than 15%, 15 - 30%, and more than 30% was 35.88, 38.17, and 41.52 years, respectively. The analysis showed a significant difference in the mean age of the three groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, and BMI with DFI (P > 0.05).

There was no significant relationship between lifestyle factors and DFI. However, large-scale studies are required to evaluate the role of these factors, as if their role in infertility is proven, lifestyle modification might be a potential method for managing infertility.

Some countries experience lower or higher life expectancy than what is predicted based on their income. This study examines why life expectancy deviation is experienced with the aim of exploring which factors and conditions contribute to better health outcome (life expectancy) at low cost.

In this study at the first stage, the well-known Preston curve is reproduced and updated using the cross-sectional data of variables of life expectancy at birth (years) and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) by purchasing power parity (PPP) of 182 countries around the World in 2018 based on the latest available data. After estimating the deviation of each countries life expectancy from the curve, the characteristics of countries with more than four years of positive (group 1) and negative (group 2) gaps from the curve were compared by applying the mean comparison test of two independent groups (t-test).

The identified drivers of gains or losses in longevity relative to income included using at least basic sanitation (P = 0.012) and drinking water services (P = 0.045), Universal Health Coverage (UHC) (P = 0.012), access to electricity (P = 0.004), CO2 emissions (P = 0.037), inequality in income (P = 0.003), health expenditure per capita (P = 0.000), non-communicable (P = 0.000) and communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal, and nutrition conditions (P = 0.000), literacy rate (P = 0.057), and road injuries (P = 0.001).

Better health outcome in countries and regions with relatively low income or few resources can be achieved that would be critical for global improvement in population health. However, it needs to take effective measures and is of great importance for policy-making.

 Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is considered as a chemokine mainly strode in the granules of platelets. Its important role in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) was the basis of many investigations about this chemokine. High affinity to heparin was used to extract of PF4 from platelet concentrates (PCs). Despite many advantages of recombinant PF4 (rPF4), some researchers prefer to purify rich proteins of platelets from outdated PCs mainly because of cost effectiveness. The main aim of this study was introducing a home-made method to purify PF4 from PCs in blood banks.

 In this experimental study, we presented a customized procedure based on immunoaffinity chromatography to isolate PF4 that may be useful for laboratory access of PCs from blood bank centers. Briefly, platelet lysate (PL) was extracted from PCs by freeze/thaw cycles and then treated with anti-PF4 antibody to elute PF4 extract in the final product. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 26). Student t-test was used to compare the results. A probability of < 0.05 was accepted as significant statistically.

 Our experiments showed that immunoaffinity chromatography might be considered as an alternative source to provide PF4 particularly in view of cost effectiveness.

 PF4 is one of the most bulk growth factors stored in platelets. It has the versatile applications both in diagnosis of HIT and in the study of platelet biology. A home-made protocol presented in this investigation can be helpful to obtain PF4 from blood bank in a reasonable scale.

Based on evidence of links between health expenditure and healthcare efficiency, this study aims to measure the performance of the health system in terms of macro-efficiency of healthcare expenditures in Iran over the period 2000-2019, and to investigate efficiency drivers. To this end, at the first stage an input oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) under the assumption of variable return-to-scale is developed to measure health expenditure efficiency scores with the use of historical data during 20 years. We explore the efficiency of health expenditure by estimating the contribution of healthcare spending to life expectancy, infant survival rate, and cause of death. Next, we examine the link between the efficiency and its determinants through Tobit regression analysis. According to DEA results, it is revealed that the efficiency score of 20 years is 0.82 on average and the standard deviation is 0.11. Findings of the Tobit regression indicate per capita GDP and public health expenditure (% of GDP) have significant negative effect, while control of corruption, and population density are found to have a statistically significant and positive effect on the efficiency of healthcare expenditures in Iran (P<0.05). But education is not statistically significant in determining efficiency. Variation in the efficiency during the years suggests significant potential for improvement in population health status given the current level of health resources allocated to the healthcare. Also, positive impact of governance measures on efficiency indicates that management of the resources is important in the healthcare system, especially in the existence of corruption.

In the current study we have aimed to find the effects of Resveratrol treatment on platelet concentrates (PCs) at the dose dependent manner. We have also attempted to find the molecular mechanism of the effects.

The PCs, have received from Iranian blood transfusion organization (IBTO). Totally 10 PCs were studied. The PCs divided into 4 groups including untreated (control) and treated by different dose of Resveratrol; 10, 30 and 50 µM. Platelet aggregation and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were evaluated at day 3 of PCs storage. In silico analysis was carried out to find out the potential involved mechanisms.

The aggregation against collagen has fallen dramatically in all studied groups but at the same time, aggregation was significantly higher in the control versus treated groups (p<0.05). The inhibitory effect was dose dependent. The aggregation against Ristocetin did not significantly affect by Resveratrol treatment. The mean of total ROS significantly increased in all studied groups except those PCs treated with 10 µM of Resveratrol (P=0.9). The ROS level significantly increased with increasing Resveratrol concentration even more than control group (slope=11.6, P=0.0034). Resveratrol could potently interact with more than 15 different genes which, 10 of them enrolled in cellular regulation of the oxidative stress.

Our findings indicated that the Resveratrol affect the platelet aggregation at the dose dependent manner. Moreover, we have also found that the Resveratrol play as double-edged sword in the controlling oxidative state of the cells. Therefore, Using the optimal dose of Resveratrol is the great of importance.

Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency can be regarded as a crucial public health obstacle that affects about 50% of the world’s population. Pregnant women are at a relatively high risk of developing deficient concentrations of vitamin D, which can result in detrimental pregnancy outcomes. This survey was designed to evaluate the correlation between serum vitamin D concentrations and first-trimester spontaneous abortion. This was a case-control study conducted at the Asalian Referral Gynecological Hospital in Khorramabad, Iran, from April 2021 to March 2022. Forty-two women hospitalized due to spontaneous pregnancy loss in the first trimester were recruited as cases, and 100 individuals referred for routine pregnancy care constituted the control group. Demographic and clinical data were recorded for all subjects, and blood samples were taken from both groups to determine serum vitamin D levels. The data were recorded on a researcher-made checklist. The chi-squared test and logistic regression were used for analysis in SPSS version 22. The frequency of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency was higher in the case group (n=10, 23.8%) than in the control group (n=21, 21%), although this difference was not significant (P=0.899). Logistic regression revealed a significant link between vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and age (P<0.001), gestational age (P=0.005), and body mass index (P<0.001). The results suggested no significant association between vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and miscarriage during the first trimester.

Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) as membrane vesicles are procoagulant. They play a role in surgical hemostasis. In this study, the correlations between the circulating level of cell-derived MPs and surgical variables in heart valve surgery were investigated.

The present prospective case-series study was conducted in Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center from January through March 2021. Forty patients undergoing heart valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled. Before the induction of anesthesia and 30 minutes after the administration of protamine sulfate, venous blood samples were collected. After MP isolation, the concentration of MPs was determined via the Bradford method. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to determine the MP count and phenotype. Intraoperative variables and postoperative routine coagulation tests were defined as surgical variables. Postoperative coagulopathy was defined as an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ≥48 seconds or an international normalized ratio (INR) >1.5.

The total concentration of MPs and the MP count increased significantly after surgery compared with before surgery. The postoperative concentration of MPs was positively correlated with the CPB time (P=0.030, ρ=0.40). The preoperative concentration of MPs was significantly lower in patients with higher postoperative aPTT and INR (P=0.003, Ρ= −0.50 and P=0.020, Ρ= −0.40, respectively). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the preoperative MP concentration (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.01; P=0.017) was considered a risk factor for postoperative coagulopathy.

The levels of MPs, especially platelet-derived MPs, rose after surgery, in correlation with the CPB time. Given the role of MPs in the induction of coagulation and inflammation, they can be considered therapeutic goals for preventing postoperative complications. In addition, the preoperative levels of MPs are a risk factor for predicting the occurrence of postoperative coagulopathy in heart valve surgery.

Forecasting health status of populations aims to explain the most likely futuretrends in health, such as the life expectancy trend. Life expectancy has grown notably duringthe past 150 years. Extended survival leads to population aging that is a world-changingevent. Planning and investing in health and social services require anticipating future lifeexpectancy and the corresponding drivers. As a developing country, Iran has experienced animprovement in health and longevity. This study aims to model and forecast life expectancy atbirth up to 2035 and review the economic and policy implications of aging in Iran. This study presents a dynamic simulation modeling of life expectancy and proposesa system dynamics model to give decision-makers an understanding of the interactionsbetween different variables. The equations in the model are estimated using least-squaresalgorithms. The data are derived from the websites of “World Bank”, “Our World in Data”, and“United Nations Development Program.” The computerized simulation results forecast that total life expectancy increases byabout 4.5 years from 2018 to 2035, reaching 81.06. Although improvement in life expectancy is a success and a key goal of a healthsystem, it also suggests a rapid pace of aging in Iran with many social and economic challengesin managing the upcoming situations. However, executing appropriate policies can convertsuch threats into opportunities.

Imam Ali (a.s.) as the ruler and leader of theIslamic society, used to issue governmental decrees invarious fields, and these decrees were accepted in warsand other occasions. Analysis of the rulings of Amir alMu'minin and especially the rulings in the political field,because he was the leader of the Islamic society for a shortperiod of time and because of his position of infallibilityand immunity from mistakes, we can benefit from hisruling measures. It seems necessary.

The present study aims toanalyze the rulings of Amir al-Mu'minin (AS) in thepolitical sphere by adopting the descriptive-analyticalmethod.

The researches show that government decreessuch as amnesty to the survivors of the Battle of Jamal,acceptance of arbitration in the Safin War, failure toreturn Fadak to the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), disclosure of badrecords of some people, removal of the title of Amir alMu'minin in the arbitration agreement and acceptance ofit from Hazrat district is a government decree that wasmade with specific goals and interests of Hazrat district.

Each of the aforementioned governmentdecrees was issued with specific goals, the mostimportant of which was to preserve the nascent Islamicsystem.

The rulings of the government have evolved in three stages during the studies of the jurists. Thus, Sheikh Mofid and Sheikh Tusi established it in jurisprudence and the first martyr made a change in it, and in the light of the theories of the jurists of the Safavid era, its relationship with specific expediency And Imam Khomeini showed a comprehensive plan about it. The present study intends to study and analyze the theories of the first martyr about the rulings of the government by adopting a descriptive-analytical method. Studies show that the first martyr, in addition to raising jurisprudential issues in the field of expediency such as the jurists before him and refining his view of mixing with Sunni theories, examined other aspects of this issue in the form of jurisprudential rules. In this way, he gave them a general state and for the first time, the vile expediency proposed an independent title. He took new steps in recognizing the concept of expediency and dividing it into different types and expressed their relationship with government rulings in the form of jurisprudential rules and considered expediency as the basis and rule of government rulings and the importance of observing He also emphasized the importance of implementing the Shari'a rulings, and for the first time divided the purposes of the Shari'a into the preservation of the soul, religion, intellect, generation and property, and considered expediency from three angles to have three types of necessity, pilgrimage and perfection

Orthognathic surgery not only changes the appearance of the face and the occlusion, but also changes the biomechanics and force of chewing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the maximum changes in byte force after orthognathic surgery in class III patients.

 

In this clinical trial study, 20 class Ш skeletal patients referred to the School of Dentistry of Isfahan Azad University in the academic year 97-98 were selected and were divided into two groups before orthognathic surgery and 3 months after orthognathic surgery. The surgical technique in these patients was 2-jaw technique (Lefort 1 and BSSO). The area of the first right maxillary molar and the left maxillary first molar were measured at two intervals before surgery and three months after surgery. The sensor was first placed on one side of the first maxillary molar, then on the other side, and vice versa. The measurements were repeated three times on each side and the highest number was recorded as the patient's MBF (Maximum bite force). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests (α = 0.05).

Mean maximum dental bite force was significantly decreased 3 months after surgery (p value < 0.001); this did not lead to a significant difference between maximum bite force and gender (p value = 0.244).

Maxillofacial surgery in class III skeletal patients reduces the byte force in 3 months after maxillofacial surgery.

Microparticles (MPs) are small vesicles released from the cell membrane. Accordingly, these contain active molecules to mediate biological processes, including cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. The fusion of myeloma cell lines with immunized B lymphocytes is a critical step of hybridoma technology. MPs modulate lymphoproliferation, thereby facilitating B cell expansion and successful immortalization. Human alloimmune B cells are considered valuable sources of monoclonal antibodies, and peripheral blood is a pool of B lymphocytes. The present study aimed to investigate the role of myeloma-derived MPs in the proliferation of alloimmune peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).

In the current experimental study, ultracentrifugation isolated MPs from three different myeloma cell lines, including U266, P3x63Ag8, and SP2/0. PBMCs were extracted from the whole blood of a patient with thalassemia alloimmune exposed to MPs. Thereafter, both the proliferation and cell viability were evaluated using inverted microscopy and the trypan blue staining method.

MPs derived from the P3X63Ag8 myeloma cell line were shown to have the most effects on cell proliferation and viability (p=0.0005). MPs of the SP2/0 cell line initially increased the proliferation of PBMCs, but viable cells were drastically reduced in the following weeks. As well, U266 cell-derived MPs increased the proliferation of PBMCs (p=0.0001), but it was half of the group receiving P3x63Ag8 derived MPs. However, the viability of treated cells remained almost constant for 5-weeks.

Altogether, the obtained data indicated that P3X63Ag8 and U266 derived MPs could increase the viability of PBMCs. If the complimentary examination is confirmed, these MPs could also be used as the potential agents in B lymphocyte proliferation, thereby helping in immortalization and antibody production.

Although cold storage of platelets (PLTs) could decrease the risk of bacterial growth, it could affect on the PLTs viability and hemostatic function. At cold temperatures, trehalose can be used to substitute water, inhibit the solid-liquid transition phase of the PLT membrane, and stop Glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) polymerization. In this study, we evaluated the potential of trehalose for reducing the negative effects of cold storage on the apoptosis and the clearance rates of PLTs after long-term storage at cold.

Materials And Methods:

In this experimental study, PLT concentrates (PCs) were maintained for five days in the different circumstances. PLTs were subsequently counted by using an automated hematology analyzer. Also water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay was performed to estimate the viability of PLTs. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH) was determined by a biochemical analyzer. And human active caspase-3 levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Also, we applied flow cytometry technique.

PLTs count and viability were higher, while LDH amount was lower in trehalose-treated PLTs when compared with two other groups (P=0.03). The highest increase in the amount of caspase-3 levels in the PLTs was observed at 4°C. However, trehalose-treated and 4°C PLTs had a lower amount of active caspase-3 in comparison with 4°C PLTs. The level of PS expression on PLTs was lower in the trehalose-treated PLTs in compared with the two other groups (P=0.03). PLTs ingestion by HepG2 cells was enhanced in the 4°C-stored PLTs. However, the ingestion rate was significantly reduced in the trehalose-treated PLTs on day 5 of storage (P=0.03).

Trehalose can moderate the effects of cold temperature on the apoptosis, viability, and the survival rate of PLTs. It also decreases the ingestion rate of refrigerated PLTs in vitro.

Imam Ali (AS) as the ruler of the Islamic society at a special and sensitive time, sent agents in various fields such as economic and military for the Islamic government, and in line with explaining the duties and drawing the governmental policies, the rulings and orders for the Islamic government They communicated in the form of letters.

The present study aims to analyze and analyze the government decrees in the economic and military fields in the letters sent by Imam Ali (a.s.) to his agents by adopting the descriptive-analytical method.

Investigations show that government economic decrees are addressed to brokers with the aim of protecting property, preventing embezzlement, encouraging simple living, etc. Government decrees addressed to officials in the military field were also in the field of military tactics training, proper treatment of prisoners of war, how to divide war spoils, how to choose war commanders, etc.

Therefore, the impeachment and government installations of His Holiness were based on specific criteria and criteria, and the main criterion for installation was all-round competence, and the main criterion for impeachment was crossing moral and economic red lines.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of organizational entrepreneurship in organizational performance with regard to strategic entrepreneurship in Steel Kurd Ilam. The statistical population of this research is the employees of Steel Kurd Ilam Company, whose number is 1664 people. In this research, Morgan table has been used to determine the sample size, and the sample size was determined to be 313 people using Morgan table. Research method In the present study is a descriptive-survey method. The tool of this research is a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.850). Formal and content validity were used to determine the validity of these tools. In this study, LISREL software and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that organizational entrepreneurship has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance with regard to strategic entrepreneurship in Steel Kurd Ilam. Finally, practical suggestions were provided

The present study investigates the role of Managerial ability in designing and using the risk appetite document as one of the new and developed management tools to reduce the risk of continuing the company's activities.The findings of this study show that in companies where management design the level of risk appetite and use risk appetite documents in the company's activities significantly reduces the risk of continuing the company's activities. Companies that have not designed and used the risk appetite document Have been challenged to reduce the risks of corporate business continuity.Risk appetite documents actually develop an integrated approach to the prevention of business continuity risks in all important activities of the company .The more capable the management is in developing and applying risk appetite documents, the more activities will be covered by the risk management process and the more parts of the company will be involved in preventing and countering the risks of business continuity. Finally, the results of this study show that the ability of management has emerged as an important indicator in reducing the risk of business continuity of companies.

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are one of the major causes of mortality. One of the major causes of ADR is drug–drug interactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of ADRs caused by the drug interactions in the nephrology departments.

This cross-sectional prospective study was carried out in the nephrology department on 117 patients who received at least two medicines. Drug interactions were determined, and the patients were evaluated for the presence of a drug complication.

A total of fifty ADRs were observed in 39 patients, whereas 26% of total ADRs (13 drug complications) were due to drug interactions. About 69% and 31% of complications were classified in terms of severity, in the category of “severe” and “moderate” complications, respectively. Warfarin had the highest contribution to major interactions (33.33%).

ADRs, which specially occurred due to drug interactions, are particularly important for patients taking multiple medications (e.g., patient with renal insufficiency). Therefore, special attention should be paid to preventing and reducing ADRs in these patients’ population.

Extensive Eocene–Oligocene magmatic rocks in the Lut–Sistan region, eastern Iran crop out as a huge magmatic province (Pang et al., 2013). Skarnification in Paleocene- Eocene limestones in the Sistan suture zone is very popular (e.g. Nakhaei et al., 2013; Nakhaei et al., 2015; Zarrinkoub et al., 2011) and the Kalate Shab skarn is one of them. Geological and geochemical studies and the results of magnetic measurements in the area of interest and its applicability in exploration of other potential iron deposits in the neighboring areas (Saadat, 2016) are of interest. Metamorphic (the Siah Kamar Skarn) edge of the Mount Rigi granitoid intrusion is calcium type (Biabangard et al., 2015). This skarn is located 105 kilometers east of Sarbisheh, north of the Kalate Shab village. This area is a part of 1: 100,000 geological map of Mahirud (Guillou et al., 1981), with 60° 31' to 60° 35' longitudes, and 32° 21' to 32° 26' latitudes, in the southern Khorasan province (Figure 1), and in the northern part of the Sistan suture zone (Tirrul et al., 1983) in the east of Iran. The Sistan suture zone represents a deformed accretionary prism that was emplaced during the destruction of a small Neotethyan ocean basin, referred to as the Sistan Ocean, which once separated the Lut and Afghan continental blocks from each other (Tirrul et al., 1983). Late Cretaceous adakitic granodiorites and Early Eocene A-type granites have been emplaced in the suture (Zarrinkoub et al., 2012). This was followed by widespread Eocene–Oligocene calc-alkaline volcanic activity in the suture zone and to the west in the Lut block (Pang et al., 2013). Oligomiocene intrusive and sub volcanic bodies (Guillou et al., 1981) have intruded into the sedimentary units and caused skarnification in the north of the Kalate Shab.

This study was done based on 140 thin sections, 1 polished section and 5 polished thin sections with 3 XRD analysis at the University of Birjand laboratory. 3 samples for fluid inclusions have been studied in the laboratory of the Payame Noor University of Mashhad. Microprobe analysis on 4 samples have been done at the Laboratory of Iran Mineral Processing Research Center.

Intrusive and sub volcanic bodies with composition of diorite and quartz diorite have intruded into limestone and have produced Fe skarn in the Kalate Shab area. Mineralogical evidence suggests two stages of progressive and retrograde metamorphism in the region. Microprobe analysis of minerals in the skarn zone shows that garnets are andradite and pyroxene is of diopside- hedenbergite type. Average salinity and temperature of fluid based on micro thermometric data in the Kalate Shab are 13.2 wt% and 222oC, respectively. Magmatic and meteoric waters mixing and chemical changes in carbonate host rock are the main factors for genesis of Fe deposit.

An intermediate magma has intruded into the Paleocene- Eocene limestone, and has caused Fe- skarnification in the Kalate Shab region. The intrusive and sub volcanic rocks are diorite, quartz diorite, porphyritic quartz diorite and porphyritic diorite. Skarnification has occurred as exo skarn with pyroxene, garnet, idocrase, epidote and magnetite minerals. Pyroxenes are diopside- hedenbergite type and garnets are andradite based on EPMA and XRD analyses. Micro thermometric data in the Kalate Shab skarn show temperatures ranging from 171 to 286 ° C and salinity from 11.81 to 14.77%. Petrological studies show that the magnetite formation has occurred in the final stage of skarnification.

Platelet microparticles are microvesicles derived from platelets. Today, with the use of nanoparticles in cancer treatments, many limitations of traditional drug delivery methods are reduced. Doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic drug available for the treatment of many cancers, has fluorescent properties and can be detected by fluorescent imaging in tissues. Aim of this study is to compare different drug loading methods into platelet microparticles.

In this experimental study, the platelet concentrates were taken on their fifth day from Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. Then platelet microparticles were extracted from those concentrated platelets in several centrifugation stages.  Fluorescent microbeads with one-micrometer size and anti-CD41/61 antibody were used to determine the size and identity of microparticles, respectively. Doxorubicin was loaded at 10 µg/ml on platelet microparticles using three methods of incubation, cell-penetrating peptide, and Sonication. Using the auto-fluorescence property of Doxorubicin, the rate of drug loading on platelet microparticles was measured by flow cytometry method.

Results

In terms of size, 95% of the total population of microparticles was less than one micrometer. The expression levels of CD41 and CD61 were 92.39% and 80.03%, respectively. The average fluorescence light intensities calculated in each of the incubation, sonication, and CPP methods were determined to be 79.09% ± 11.37, 47.48% ± 25.12, and 56.69% ± 23.24, respectively. 

Conclusions  

As the incubation method has higher loading percentage, it could be an effective method for loading drug in platelet microparticles. Furthermore, the use of this method can be considered for clinical studies.