فهرست مطالب fereshteh jahaniani

A checkerboard broth microdilution method was performed to investigate the in vitro antifungal activities of three diazeniumdiolates derivatives (DETA/NO, DPTA/NO, DEA/NO) alone and in combination with ketoconazole, amphotricin B or terbinafine against five Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformance and four dermatophyte strains. MICs and MLCs were recorded, and synergy was calculated by using fractional inhibitory and fractional lethal concentration index. DETA/NO with a half-life of 57h at 25°C showed antifungal activity against all tested dermatophyte species (MIC 0.150 to 2.5mg/ml), DPTA/NO with a half life of 3h at 37°C showed antifungal activity against five species of Candida and Cryptococcus neoformans, and DEA/NO with a half life of 2 min at 37°C and 16 min at 25°C did not show antifungal activity against tested strains. Combinations of DPTA-NO with either ketoconazole or amphotericin B were either synergistic or indifferent for all tested strain of Candida and Cryptococcus neoformance. DETA/NO was unable to enhance the antifungal activity of terbinafine against dermatophyte strains. Even where no synergistic activity was achieved, there was still a decrease in the MIC of one or both drugs which were used in combination. Antagonism was observed between terbinafine and DETA-NO against Trichophyton rubrum. Our result suggests that DETA/NO and DPTA/NO may be useful for development of new therapeutic strategies for treatment of dermatophyte and Candida infections. Clinical studies are warranted to elucidate the potential utility of these combination therapies.

Methanolic leaf extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis were investigated for in vitro antifungal activities against Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton schoenleinii, Tricophyton mentagrophytes and Epedermophyton floccosum. The studies were carried out using broth dilution method, agar dilution method and inhibitory zone estimation. The effects of the plant extract were compared with those of griseofulvin. Eucalyptus camaldulensis showed antifungal activity against all the dermatophytes tested with MIC values ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 mg/mL using inhibitory zone estimation, 0.4-1.6 mg/mL using agar dilution method and 0.2 to 1.6 mg/mL using broth dilution method. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the extracts ranged from 0.8 to 6.4 mg/mL. The results obtained suggest that E. Camaldulensis has anti-dermatophyte activity.

Tribulus terrestris is used as a urinary anti-infective in folk medicine. To validate this use, the in vitro antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of different parts (fruits, stems plus leaves and roots) of T. terrestris L. growing in Iran was evaluated against four reference bacteria by broth dilution assay and agar diffusion assay. The MIC value of the methanolic extracts of fruits and stems plus leaves against all bacteria was 2 mg/mL and the MIC value of roots against S. aureus, E. faecalis and E. coli was 4 mg/mL and the MIC value of roots against P. aeruginosa was 2 mg/mL. In agar diffusion assay, the methanolic extracts of all parts of the plant showed considerable activity against all bacteria.