فهرست مطالب forouzan elyasi

Women have less interaction with the fetus in unplanned pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the effect of an antenatal training program on maternal-fetal attachment in unplanned pregnancies.

This single-blind clinical trial was performed in the north of Iran in 2019. By simple randomization, 76 mothers with unplanned pregnancies were allocated to the intervention and control groups. Mothers in the intervention group attended three sessions (90 minutes per session) of training based on interaction with the fetus in small groups. The control group only received routine care. Data collection instruments included a demographics checklist, London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy, and Cranley’s Maternal-Fetal Attachment scale. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher’s Exact test, t-test, analysis of covariance, and multivariate analysis of variance were used for data analysis.

The mean difference of maternal-fetal attachment before and after training was 3.41±2.08 (P=0.112) in the intervention group and 3.96±2.17 (P=0.078) in the control group. However, the differences between and within groups were not significant. The differences in the subscales of attachment with the fetus were not also significant between the groups after the intervention. Although the post-intervention attachment score for unwanted pregnancy was lower than mistimed pregnancy in the intervention (mean difference: 14±3.61) and control groups (mean difference: 3.70±1.87), it was not significantly different based on the type of pregnancy between the groups.

Maternal-fetal attachment training did not boost interaction with the fetus in mothers with unplanned pregnancies; thus, deeper psychological interventions are needed.

Infertility is a major life event that can induce severe psychological stress in couples, especially women. This protocol-based study aims to assess the effect of an abbreviated online mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on the distress and quality of life (QoL) of infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive technology fertility treatments.

This study outlines a protocol for a randomized clinical trial involving 70 infertile women in Iran, who will be randomly divided into two groups of control (n=35) and intervention (n=35). To collect data, a sociodemographic/medical-fertility form, the general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), Newton’s fertility problem inventory, the infertility distress scale (IDS), and the QoL questionnaire for infertile women will be used. The online MBI will provided in groups of seven, once per week, for four weeks, each session for two hours. Data analysis will be performed in SPSS software, version 25.

The goal of this protocol-based study is to introduce a clinical trial that assess the effect of online MBI for reducing distress and thereby improving the QoL and mental health of infertile women in Iran. Given the prevalence of infertility and the importance of MBI, the results of the clinical trial can be highly beneficial.

Attitudes towards gender role, like the attitudes towards the division of household work, marriage, work, and gender affairs, have a significant impact on social life. This study aims to review the factors related to gender role attitude in women and men. 

In this narrative review study, a search in Google, ProQuest, MagIran, SID, PubMed, Google Scholar, library of Cochrane, IranDoc, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were first conducted using keywords in Persian and English for related articles published from 1998 to 2023. The included articles were research articles, descriptive studies, and review studies with a focus on factors related to gender role attitudes. Finally, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and removing duplicates, 22 articles were selected for the review. 

The results were categorized into two groups of psychological factors (parents’ behaviors, personality, sexual abuse), and social factors (infertility, employment, gender, ethnicity).

Considering the importance of gender role attitudes and given that the change in attitude is a multifaceted phenomenon and is affected by several factors, interventions are needed to improve the gender role attitude in societies.

This study assesses the vaginal button battery insertion in a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 

For the literature review, online databases, such as Google Scholar and PubMed were searched with the following keywords: “Vaginal battery” OR “vaginal button battery” OR “vaginal battery insertion” AND “girl.” The search process considered articles in English with no publication year limitation. The included studies were published from 2005 until 2023. 

We presented an eight-year-old, second-grade elementary school girl with ADHD and a history of methylphenidate consumption, referred to the general educational hospital in north Iran with the chief complaint of inserting a vaginal foreign body (VFB). On the night of the event. The child removed a small disc battery of her toys and inserted it into her vagina. Then, she told this to her parents and was referred to the hospital. The psychiatrist’s assessment showed no psychiatric disorder, except for ADHD. The patient’s abdomen was soft in physical examination and had a rebound tenderness complaint. Also, the entrance of the vagina was erythematosus, and vaginal discharge was seen. The primary assessment by pelvic radiography indicated a round button buttery in the upper segment of the rectum. In the surgery room, a gynecologist gently removed the button battery from the wall by rectal examination and milking from the upper under general anesthesia. The patient was febrile in the follow-up for 48 h and discharged with good general health without fever and severe psychiatric symptoms. In the review section of this study, case reports conducted regarding the insertion of battery in the vagina as a VFB in girls were searched and reported. Overall, 15 case reports were included in the literature review.

Interdisciplinary cooperation among pediatric clinicians and gynecology specialists in dealing with cases of VFB associated with a wide range of emotional and behavioral disorders, such as ADHD should be considered.

The quality of sexual life is one of the important branches of the quality of life and it is a means to examine the relationship between sexual problems and the quality of life. The meaning of life is also one of the indicators affecting the quality of life. Among the country's population, students are exposed to questions about the meaning of life due to being in a period of youth transformation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the meaning in life and the quality of sexual life of married students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and their spouses in 2023.

In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, after being approved by the ethics committee with code IR.MAZUMS.REC.1401.17162, 185 couples of married students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and their spouses were included in the study in May and June 2023 with two stages stratified sampling method with proportional allocation. First, married students of each faculty was determined then participants were included with convenience method. Inclusion criteria were willingness to participate, being Iranian, being married, having a surviving spouse, and Monogamy, while exclusion criteria was unwillingness of the spouse to complete the questionnaire. They completed questionnaires on the Quality of sexual life, the Meaning in life, DASS-21, socio-economic status, and demographic-medical-psychological information form made by the researcher. SPSS 25 software and Pearson correlation coefficient, independent two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and mixed model linear regression with Backward model were used. The drop rate was 20% and the significance level was P<0.05.

The response rate in this study was 87.2%. The average age of men is 31.88±7.87 and women is 28.81±8.34. The average score of the quality of sexual life of men and women in the study was 59.25±8.54 and 93.60±15.05. According to the paired t-test, the score of the quality of sexual life of men is 6.15±2.53 units higher and significant (P<0.001). According to mixed linear regression with the Backward model, there is a significant relationship between the quality of sexual life of couples with a marriage duration (6-10 years (r= -14.69) and 11-15 years (r= -19.08), place of living with family in the city (r=18.76) and village (r=27.43)), lack of privacy (r= -28.29), owning a residential house (r=7.64), not suffering from physical illness (r=15.09) and psychiatric illness (r=15.04), infertility (r= -10.00), lack of education on sexual issues (r= -6.76), socioeconomic status in the form of self-assessment of housing prices in the intermediate range (r=8.85) and self-assessment of financial ability to buy housing is very low (r= -14.52), depression (r= -1.93) and meaning of life (r=0.11)(p<0.05).

The meaning in life in the presence of other demographic, medical, psychological, and socioeconomic factors had a continuous and significant relationship with the quality of sexual life and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in planning related to students. further studies can be conducted to search for factors that improve the meaning of life and, accordingly, the quality of sexual life of students and their spouses.

Abnormal fear of childbirth (FOC) can leave many complications. Examining the factors that worsen the FOC is helpful in eliminating or modulating the fear. In this regard, we aim to investigate the relationship between psychological factors and the increase of the FOC.

This scoping review study was conducted in 2023 by searching for related studies in databases Scopus, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, IranDoc, MagIran, SID, and Google Scholar using related keywords. After screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts, 10 eligible descriptive-analytical studies were selected. Evaluation of their quality was done by the AXIS checklist.

The findings from 10 studies were divided into three groups based on the answer to the main research question. Four studies showed the relationship between FOC and depression. Six studies showed the relationship between FOC and anxiety, and three studies showed the relationship between FOC and self-esteem. In all students, the relationships were statistically significant (P<0.05).

Psychological factors of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem are related to the increased FOC in women. In this regard, by designing intervention programs to eliminate related psychological factors, it is possible to prevent the increase of the FOC in women.

Spousal violence is one of the major problems of women. The personality traits of couples have been mentioned as one of the factors related to spousal violence, although there are contradictory results. The present study aims to determine the relationship between the personality traits of couples and spousal abuse against women of reproductive age.

In this cross-sectional study, participants were 156 couples covered by the health centers in Sari, Iran, in 2022, who were selected with a systematic sampling method. The data were collected using a socio-demographic form, the spousal abuse questionnaire, and Goldberg’s international personality item pool. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software, version 25. The data were reported by using Mean±SD, frequency, and percentage and were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The significance level was set at 0.05

Mild emotional abuse had the highest prevalence (76.3%). Husband’s conscientiousness trait predicted emotional abuse of women. Husband’s agreeableness trait and wife’s neuroticism trait predicted physical abuse of women, and husband’s neuroticism trait predicted sexual abuse of women. Moreover, husband’s smoking predicted physical abuse of women.

The personality traits of couples can predict spousal abuse of women. Identifying the personality traits of couples, along with individual and social factors, can significantly help in prevention, screening, and developing appropriate treatments for abused women.

Context: 

Several studies have shown that chloroquine can effectively diminish the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As such, other studies have also supported this statement, but the psychiatric side effects of chloroquine have not been taken into account.

The current study aimed to briefly review and discuss the safety of chloroquine. Evidence Acquisition: A narrative literature search on databases was carried out on studies without time limitations. A combination of the two main keywords of “Chloroquine” and “Psychiatric Side Effects” was used to search databases. A manual search was performed to find the relevant articles, and finally, 15 studies were reviewed. Data were shown in the table and then summarized by narrative synthesis.

The literature review revealed the pharmaceutical characteristics of chloroquine, the safety of chloroquine, and the management of chloroquine’s side effects. Also, the studies showed that chloroquine had psychiatric symptoms varying from insomnia to catatonia, toxic psychosis, and suicidal attempts, as well as behavioral manifestations, including most frequently extreme irritability, restlessness, abusiveness, distractibility, pressured speech, flight of ideas, grandiosity delusion, and auditory and visual hallucinations.

Given the probability of a wide range of possible psychiatric symptoms following chloroquine, physicians should cautiously prescribe antiviral agents, and healthcare workers should also notice any psychiatric symptoms after administrating the chloroquine.

No mobile phone phobia (nomophobia, abbreviated here to NMP) is often utilized to show the fear of losing one’s mobile phone and connectivity and has a frequency of 40 - 100% in different societies.

This study aimed to reflect on the prevalence of NMP and the role of demographic and psychological factors in the prediction of NMP among adolescent female high school students in northern Iran.

The cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescent female high school students living in Sari, Mazandaran province, northern Iran, between 2019 - 2020. By employing cluster sampling to select the participants, 588 students were ultimately recruited. The research instruments included a demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Nomophobia Questionnaire, and the Cell Phone Addiction Scale. Using IBM SPSS software (version 26.0), the data were analyzed via Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis.

The study results revealed that the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the students’ age was 16.1 ± 1.2 years, and 98.6% of the participants experienced various levels of NMP. Additionally, the NMP and mobile phone dependence (MPD) mean ± SD values were equal to 54.75 ± 21.61 and 49.78 ± 18.05, respectively. A statistically significant direct relationship was further observed between the prevalence rate of NMP and the demographic variables, namely age (P = 0.000), type of school (P = 0.016), level of education (P = 0.000), and father’s education (P = 0.012).

The study results indicated the high prevalence rate of NMP and MPD in adolescent female high school students. Therefore, further research is needed to examine the depth of psychological aspects of NMP.

New changes in the health care system have made cancer care in home settings rather than in-patient situation. The diagnosis of breast cancer in a woman affects all family members and accordingly changes the duties of family members. Family involvement in this patient’s care may consequence better outcomes. Family caregivers can be unpaid family members who help the patient with physical care and the disease process, and they should know their roles to do it better. This study aimed to review family caregivers’ roles in the life of women with breast cancer. 

Database search was done in google scholar, PubMed, science direct, Magiran, and SID. The keywords were Family Caregivers, Breast Cancer, and Role. Research articles published from 1990 till 2017 with the relevant topic were selected for this study. Overall 80 articles were searched and 42 were used. 

 After reviewing these articles family caregivers’ roles were organized in three dimensions. 1) medical-instrumental roles such as screening, diagnosis, treatment, Physical care of the patient, and pain relieve 2) psychosocial roles such as decision making, encouraging and giving hope, emotional and spiritual support, and Strengthen relationships and 3) Roles related to finance such as life cost, providing treatment and care cost and following insurance claims. 

 Family caregivers of patients with breast cancer can learn specific roles to care for their family members or friends to have fewer side effects during caregiving.

Background and Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and the main cause of cervical cancer, which increases and persists under various factors. This review study aims to investigate the relationship between psychological disorders and the persistence of HPV infection.
Materials & Methods This scoping review study was conducted in 2023 by searching for the related articles in SID, PubMed, MagIran, IranDoc, Science Direct, Scopus and Google scholar databases. Finally, 8 eligible articles were selected. Their quality was examined by the Appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS) and the critical appraisal skills program (CASP) checklists.
Results Seven studies showed that stress caused by psychological, social and physical issues can cause the persistence or risk of HPV infection, change in cervical cells, and increase in the risk of cervical cancer. One study showed that depression and associated disorders such as sleep disorder can be related to the persistence or risk of HPV infection, change in cervical cells, and the risk of cervical cancer.
Conclusion The persistence of HPV infection can be related to psychological disorders. The findings of this study can be used to design clinical trials to examine this relationship.

 A patient experiences high pain and anxiety during laceration healing. One of the non-pharmacological methods of pain and anxiety relief is using music.

 This study was outlined to examine the impact of music therapy on the pain and anxiety levels of patients experiencing wound healing by suturing in the emergency wards.

 The study population for this randomized controlled clinical trial was all patients aged 18 - 65 years who were referred to the Emergency Ward of Imam Khomeini and Buali Sina hospitals, Sari, Iran, to suture the hand or foot. Thirty people were included from each group in the study. In the intervention group, traditional Iranian wordless music (Peyk Sahar track) was played with headphones from when the patient was placed on the bed for suturing to the end, and the duration was recorded. In the control group, sutures were made according to the usual procedure. The pain level was measured by a visual analog scale in two stages before washing and immediately after the anesthetic injection. Moreover, the anxiety level was assessed in three steps, before washing the wound, after the end of the anesthetic injection, and immediately after suturing. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 22. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, such as Exact Fisher’s test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon, were used to describe and analyze the variables.

 The mean pain before washing the wound (before music therapy) and after the end of the anesthetic injection was not significantly different between the intervention group (5.38 ± 1.31 and 3.71 ± 1.98, respectively) and the control group (5.31 ± 1.69 and 4.60 ± 2.31, respectively) (P = 0.27 and 0.057, respectively). The mean anxiety before washing the wound, after the end of anesthesia injection, and immediately after finishing the suture was 3.37 ± 0.89, 2.73 ± 1.23, and 1.27 ± 0.52in the intervention group, and 3.50 ± 0.97, 3.07 ± 1.33, and 2.07 ± 1.14 in the control group, respectively. The mean anxiety at all three times was significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.001).

 The study results indicated that music therapy lowered pain without a statistically significant difference. However, music therapy significantly reduced anxiety. Therefore, it is recommended to use music therapy to reduce pain and anxiety in patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of methylphenidate on the level of consciousness and length of hospitalization of patients with moderate to severe acute Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) categorized as diffuse axonal injury. This randomized, double-blind clinical trial comprised 62 patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS ) between 5 and 12 referred to our emergency department. Methylphenidate tablets were administrated from the second day with a dose of 0.3 mg/kg up to a maximum of 20 mg daily. A placebo was administered in the same manner and the patient's level of consciousness, delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU), agitation using Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), and predicting the outcome of patients with GOS, were assessed. The patients' GOS on the day of discharge was significantly higher in the intervention group (P=0.013). The duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the intervention group (P<0.001). The patients' GCS upon discharge was significantly higher in the intervention group (P=0.01). Our results suggest that methylphenidate has some beneficial effects on the consciousness level and outcomes of patients with acute TBI. The use of methylphenidate also reduces the length of ICU stay and hospitalization and improves the outcome in patients with moderate to severe TBI not requiring surgery.

Topiramate is being widely used to prevent migraine headaches and treat epilepsy and mental disorders; however, Oral Lichenoid Lesion (OLL) is one of its rare side effects. The present report has been provided based on a patient case study who had developed OLLs following treatment with topiramate. The patient was a 50-year-old woman referred to a psychiatric clinic with complaints of severe headaches, anxiety, insomnia, and symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). For this purpose, fluoxetine, topiramate, and nortriptyline were prescribed. Two months after increasing the topiramate dosage to 400 mg per day, she developed OLLs. The Topiramate dose was reduced within two weeks and finally discontinued. The lesions were removed four weeks after the cessation. The patient had no lesions for 6 months. With restarting the drug, the lesion reappeared and finally, ceasing topiramate usage. To conclude, the mentioned lesions are one of the rare complications of this anticonvulsant drug.

 The COVID-19 pandemic has threatened global health and increased the possibility of anxiety symptoms. The present study aims to investigate the frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after the outbreak of COVID-19 in patients referred to the Mazandaran Welfare Organization in Mazandaran Province, Iran, in 2020.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 255 people enrolled. All participants were evaluated based on calls or in-person visits to the Mazandaran Welfare Counseling Center in Mazandaran Province, Iran, using the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL-5) with a cut-off point of 33 to diagnose PTSD. Also, the quality of sleep was measured based on the Pittsburg questionnaire. The P<0.05 was considered significant.

 The prevalence of PTSD in the high-risk population of welfare referees was 40.4% (CI 95%: 34.4 -46.4). The prevalence of PTSD had a significant relationship with the level of education (P=0.03). There was a positive and significant correlation of 30.2% between sleep quality scores and PCL-5 scores (P< 0.001).

 Considering the high prevalence of PTSD in people who are referred to welfare centers, as well as the availability of most of these individuals, it is possible to reduce the damage to this group by identifying factors related to PTSD and health planning.

Stress and socio-economic and psychological consequences of COVID-19 pandemic have affected family and marital relationships. The present study investigated the frequency of marital conflicts and related factors in Mazandaran province, north of Iran during this pandemic.

In this cross-sectional study, 357 married people were selected by convenience sampling via social networks in 2020. Data were electronically collected using demoghraphic and medical checklist and the Marital Conflict Questionnaire- revised form (MCQ-R). Data were analyzed in SPSS V25.

The average age of participants was 38.2±9.9 years. The average duration of marriage was 14.9±10.7 years. The total mean score for marital conflicts was 103.8±28.3 indicating a moderate level of conflict. The respondents reported mild (n=188, 57.7), moderate (n=132, 40.5), and severe (n=6, 1.8) levels of marital conflicts. Significant direct relationships were found between marital conflicts and age, gender, educational level, remarriage, nuclear family or extended family, history of marital conflict before the pandemic, individual or family history of COVID-19, and number of children (P<0.05).

According to current study, social health authorities are suggested to be prepared to predict the family-marital consequences of a pandemic such as COVID-19 and take necessary preventive and treatment actions.

Physician empathy is one of the fundamental factors involved in patient care and it can enhance the therapeutic effects of patient–clinician relationships. Attachment is defined as the tendency of human beings to make strong affectional bonds with some specific people.

This study are aimed to examine the possible relationship between secure and insecure attachment style with physician empathy among medical students.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 268 medical students and residents at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2015. All participants voluntarily participated in this study and an informed consent was obtained. Data analysis was done through completing two questionnaires, including the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Health Professionals Version (JSPE-HP) and the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS). Data was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis and analyzed in SPSS (v. 18).

The highest frequency (n = 137; 51%) was related to individuals in the age range of 21 - 25 years. The empathy score of all students was 99.99. Among 268 participants, 76 (28.4%) and 192 (71.6%) students represented secure and insecure attachment styles, respectively. Married students had higher empathy scores than single students (P = 0.056). No statistically significant difference was found in the mean empathy scores by gender (P = 0.305) and different years of studying (P = 0.883). The mean ± standard deviation of empathy score in psychiatry residents was 113.4 ± 16.24, which was higher than the residents of other fields. Also, our results revealed no significant difference between the empathy scores in individuals with secure and insecure attachment styles (P = 0.945; 95% CI: -3.883 - 3.620).

Evaluating empathy in the educational courses of medical students, as future physicians, can offer valuable guidelines to improve the mental health of students and help them have a good relationship with patients.

Menopause is a normal physiological phenomenon, closely identified with a great deal of physical-psychological symptoms, including hot flashes (HFs) with a prevalence rate of 20-80%. Various pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have been thus far practiced to reduce this common symptom of the menopausal transition.

This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effects of psychological interventions on menopausal HFs.

In this review, the databases of Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, the Cochrane Library, and Scientific Information Database were searched applying the Boolean searching operators as well as the keywords of ‘hot flashes’, ‘menopause’, ‘psychological intervention’, and ‘vasomotor symptoms’. Accordingly, a total number of 20,847 articles published from January 2000 to June 2019 were retrieved. After excluding the duplicate and irrelevant ones, the risk of bias of 19 clinical or quasi-experimental clinical trials was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration tool.

The interventions implemented in the studies on menopausal HFs included cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, hypnotherapy, and relaxation techniques. All of the articles reported improvements in HFs in postmenopausal women, except for 4 studies.

Based on the findings of this systematic review, psychological interventions, especially cognitive behavioral therapy and relaxation techniques, are potentially effective for vasomotor symptoms and HFs in healthy postmenopausal women, although the quality of published research on this topic is sometimes questionable.

Hot flashes (HF) are a common symptom during the menopausal transition. It is therefore important to identify effective drugs that can alleviate HF. This study aimed to systematically review published clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in the treatment of HF in healthy menopausal women.

In this systematic review, articles published during 2003-2019 in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar as well as Iranian databases such as SID, and Magiran were searched. The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Jadad score calculation.

Thirty-six articles on randomized controlled trials were included in this study, out of which 27 articles had acceptable, and nine had weak methodological quality. Findings on SSRIs class of drugs indicated that escitalopram, paroxetine, and fluoxetine have higher efficacy and safety in the treatment of menopausal HF than other drugs. Studies on the effectiveness of sertraline, citalopram, and fluvoxamine are limited in number or show inconsistent results. Therefore, further high-quality studies are required to confirm their effectiveness in alleviating HF. Within the SNRIs class, venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine showed significant efficacy in the treatment of menopausal HF. However, studies on the effectiveness of duloxetine are also limited, which requires further research.

Most studies have indicated the efficacy and safety of some antidepressants, such as SSRIs and SNRIs, in decreasing the frequency and severity of HF. These drugs are therefore recommended for the treatment of menopausal HF.

Nausea and vomiting are considered the most common side effects of chemotherapy, and they can affect different dimensions of the lives of women with breast cancer. Thus, the management of these complications is of great significance. Various interventions are drawn upon to alleviate nausea and vomiting. This review aimed to investigate the effects of psychological interventions on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among women with breast cancer.

A systematic review of clinical or quasi-experimental clinical trials published from 2000 to 2020 on the effects of psychological interventions on nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy in women with breast cancer was conducted via a comprehensive search in web search engines including Google Scholar and PubMed and databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Springer, Elsevier, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database (SID). Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) was employed with the following keywords: nausea, vomiting, breast cancer, chemotherapy, and psychological intervention. The quality of the included studies was assessed via the Jadad scale.

Nine studies were included in this systematic review. Psychological interventions in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in women with breast cancer consisted of cognitive-behavioral therapy, progressive muscle relaxation training, yoga, and guided imagery. The results indicated that in all the studies, except one, the interventions improved conditions and reduced chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

The results of this study indicated that psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, progressive muscle relaxation training, guided imagery, and yoga alleviated nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy in women with breast cancer. Therefore, it is recommended that these interventions be applied by healthcare providers to ameliorate nausea and vomiting in these patients. The abstract was presented in the 15th International Congress on Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran, Iran, 8–11 October 2019, as a poster and published in the congress book.

The COVID-19 epidemic has affected people's mental health around the world. According to previous epidemics, an increase in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been seen until one year later.

Due to the importance of psychological issues secondary to COVID-19, in this study, the frequency of PTSD symptoms in the follow-up of patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Sari was evaluated.

In this cross-sectional study, 199 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Sari were identified, and patients’ records were recorded. PTSD criteria were assessed based on the PTSD Checklist for DSM 5 (PCL-5). Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.

In the present study, the overall prevalence of PTSD was 19.1% (38 patients). The frequency of PTSD was higher in women, married people, people with children, and those aged 20-44 years. The prevalence of PTSD was higher in 29 patients (38.2%) with higher education.

This study showed that PTSD has a high prevalence in people with a history of COVID-19, and it is necessary for these patients to undergo psychiatric evaluations.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic musculoskeletal condition, which can reduce the quality of life (QoL).

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of FMS on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the possible related factors such as sociodemographic and psychological variables.

In this cross-sectional study, 150 women patients with FMS were included who visited a psychosomatic clinic at a referral center in northern Iran. The samples were selected in a consecutive procedure from April 2019 to March 2019. Sociodemographic variables, HRQoL score [36-Item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey], and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were recorded. Data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics software (ver. 24). The quantitative data were reported as mean ± SD, and the qualitative variables were presented as frequency and percentage. Also, analysis was performed using analytical tests such as chi-square test (χ2). P < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

The mean (SD) age was 42.35 (11.73) years. The mean physical and mental health scores were 33.45 (16.22) and 48.99 (18.19), respectively. Moreover, 88% of patients had moderate-to-severe sleep disorder, and those who did not, had a better physical and mental health status [42.7 (14.1) vs. 32.2 (16.1), P-value = 0.009 and 62.2 (16.3) vs. 47.2 (17.7), P-value = 0.001, respectively]. History of depression according to self-reporting was associated with worse mental health subscale scores [44.4 (16.8 Vs. 52.4 (18.5), P-value = 0.007], and lower scores in social functioning and emotional well-being (P-value = 0.012, P-value = 0.001, respectively). Being postmenopausal was associated with a lower physical health quality (P-value = 0.049). Body Mass Index (BMI) reversely correlated with HRQoL subscales (r = -0.163, P-value = 0.046), but the subscales were not affected by the level of income (P-value = 0.644, P-value = 0.170, respectively).

Patients with fibromyalgia report a considerable significant impact on their quality of life and impaired sleep quality. Assessment of sleep quality and QoL are needed in patients with fibromyalgia.

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a relatively common disorder whose pathogenesis has yet been poorly understood. There are still debates concerning definitions and the best possible treatments for this disorder. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of buspirone, a 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT)1A agonist, in improving the symptoms and quality of life (QoL) as well as psychological dimensions in patients with FD.

This study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial performed on 30 patients with FD, residing in the city of Sari, northern Iran, from December 2017 to October 2018. Consecutive patients referring to a tertiary hospital with a clinical diagnosis of FD, according to the Rome IV criteria, were recruited. All patients were ethnically Persian and had normal upper endoscopy and negative histological evaluation results for any gastrointestinal disease or helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection while evaluating biopsy samples endoscopically. Exclusion criteria were being diagnosed with major psychiatric disorders, suicidal thoughts, recent treatments with psychoactive drugs, as well as major cognitive impairments. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either buspirone (n=18) or placebo (n=12) for two months. The first group received buspirone 5mg three times a day for the first month and 10mg three times a day for the second month. During the treatment course, the patients were advised to report any adverse reactions. Also, both groups were evaluated by three questionnaires [demographic characteristics form, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), The Short-Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (SF-LDQ) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)] at the baseline and at the end of the 8th week by a blinded psychologist. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 18). P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

The most common symptoms of the patients were FD followed by heartburn. No significant differences were observed between buspirone and placebo groups regarding QoL (p=0.58), anxiety and depression (p =0.36), and severity and frequency of FD symptoms (p =0.22) before and after the intervention. In both groups, the overall QoL as well as HADS and SF-LDQ scores had significantly improved at the end of the study compared with the baseline.

Our findings indicate no significant effects associated with buspirone on the clinical course of FD, compared with placebo. More studies are needed to introduce effective therapies according to the pathophysiology of FD.