فهرست مطالب ghazal ghasemi

Chitosan with high molecular weight does not have the ability to penetrate the wood cell walls ‎and has little protective effects to increase the durability of wood. On the other hand, tannin can ‎easily be leached from impregnated woods and has a high leaching rate. The aim of this ‎research is to produce tannin-chitosan polymer and investigate the resistance to decay of ‎impregnated samples with it. Beech wood was used in this study. Initially, acid hydrolysis ‎method was used to reduce the molecular weight of chitosan. Then different ratios of ‎hydrolyzed chitosan and tannin were combined to find the best formulation. Vacuum-pressure ‎impregnation method was used. After impregnation and polymerization of tannin/chitosan, ‎water leaching test and resistance to decay against white and brown rot fungi were performed. ‎The results showed that adding hexamine to tannin-chitosan polymer leads to a reduction in the ‎percentage of water leaching of the protective material from wood and improves the fixation ‎and durability of the materials. Also, the resistance of wooden samples against brown and white ‎rot fungi has increased. The chitosan ratio increasing in the tannin/chitosan mixture led to an ‎increase in the leaching of substances and a decrease in the resistance to decay of impregnated ‎woods.‎

In any economy, it is essential to monitor the rate of population change closely. Governments employ various strategies and programs to regulate population growth since different population growth rates have distinct economic consequences. This paper reveals a global trend of reduced desire to have children, with variations across countries. The paper aims to predict the population growth rate in England by employing Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in combination with various meta-heuristic algorithms, including the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA). The selection of SSA and other algorithms is based on factors such as accuracy and computational efficiency. A set of 18 economic indicators serves as input variables, and a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used for feature selection. The data used for analysis spans the most recent ten years and is presented on a monthly basis. The results indicate that SSA exhibits the lowest prediction errors for the population growth rate among the applied algorithms in this paper. The primary contribution of this study lies in the application of hybrid algorithms that combine SSA-ANN with other algorithms, such as LA. The paper also emphasizes the inclusion of influential and impactful indices as input variables to enhance prediction accuracy.

Down syndrome is considered as one of the most important causes of abortion. Considering to the high prevalence of this syndrome, it is necessary to study the frequency of non-abortion and awareness of the reasons and motivations of parents who do not attempt abortion and finally how these types of pregnancies result. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the outcomes of pregnancy and delivery in the infants with positive karyotype test results for Down syndrome.

This retrospective study was conducted in 2019 on 330 women with a positive fetal karyotype test results for Down syndrome between 2013-2018. Demographic information, parents’ decision and final outcome of pregnancy were recorded in a researcher-developed checklist. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The results showed that 97% of parents with positive karyotype test result for Down syndrome decided to terminate the pregnancy, and 3% kept the fetus that Down syndrome occurred in them. Before the initiation of the study, 30% of these infants had died and 70% of them had survived up to mean of two years. Most of the parents who kept the babies showed feelings of regrets due to the economic problems and treatment challenges.

Given the incidence and sensitivity of the current plan of medical abortion, these results can confirm the validity of this approach and eliminate social sensitivities.

With 6,020 new cases and 1,150 deaths annually in the United States, vulvar cancer is uncommon, resulting in age-adjusted incidence rates of 2.8 and 1.7 per 100,000 in white and black women, respectively. Vulvar cancer represents about 4% to 6% of malignancies of the female genital tract and 0.6% of all cancers in women. Vulvar cancer predominantly affects postmenopausal women, and it is the most common anogenital cancer in women with more than 70 years of age. HPV infection is associated with a significant number of vulvar cancers. Bartholin Gland carcinoma is a rare form of vulvar malignancy that accounts for less than 5% of all vulvar cancers and 0.001% of all genital cancers. The aim of this study was to report a rare case of Bartholin's cancer in a young patient.

The patient was a 37-year-old woman p2l2 (history of two pregnancy and two delivery) who had complains of severe pain in perineal area and was referred to the gynecology emergency clinic, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, in June 2020. In past medical history she had no previous history of medical illnesses or surgical interventions. She had swelling and pain in perineal area since one year ago. Bartholin Gland abscess was diagnosed and she received some oral antibiotics, but did not improve. On the last examination under anesthesia, a firm mass of about 3 cm was palpated in the third distal part of posterior vagina which was at the site of Bartholin Gland and was necrotic. The pathologic report of the mass biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was underwent chemo radiation therapy. At a follow up visit about 5 month later she was cured completely and there was not any symptom of recurrence or metastasis.

In dealing with any patient with diagnosis of Bartholin Gland abscess, in the case of resistance to medical treatment, further evaluation and biopsy of the mass should be considered to rule out Bartholin's gland cancer.

Uterine prolapse and bladder exstrophy (BE) during pregnancy is a rare condition. The aim of this study was to present a rare case of pregnancy which complicated by both the bladder exstrophy and uterine prolapse.

A 39 year old pregnant woman (gravid 2, para 1) presented to the maternity department at 39 weeks of gestation with labor pain. Physical examination showed regular uterine contractions; the cervix was completely out of the vaginal opening with dilatation 3 cm and effacement 30%. She had the history of multiple surgeries for correction of bladder exstrophy and also suffered from uterine prolapse .In active labor, abnormal fetal heart rate tracing happened, so emergent cesarean section was planned and a healthy neonate with the normal Apgar score was born. At regular follow-up until 4 months after delivery, there was no sign or symptom of uterine proplase.

Multidisciplinary management of patients with BE and uterine prolapse may result in the optimal perinatal outcomes. Uterine prolapse may disappear after delivery even in the complicated case of bladder exstrophy.

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that is identified by signs of nephrosis, severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. It is a component of glomerulonephrosis, in which different degrees of proteinuria may occur. The complications of this syndrome may include blood clots, infections, and high blood pressure. Essentially, decreased protein through the kidneys (proteinuria) leads to low protein levels in the blood (hypoproteinemia including hypoalbuminemia), which causes water to be drawn into soft tissues (edema). Severe hypoalbuminemia may also lead to different secondary problems, including water in the abdominal cavity (ascites), around the heart or lung (pericardial effusion, pleural effusion), high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia) and, loss of molecules regulating coagulation (increased risk of thrombosis). Other symptoms may be weight gain, feeling tiredness, and also foamy urine. This study aimed to introduce a case of successful treatment of nephrotic syndrome in twin pregnancy.

The patient was a 30-years old woman who presented with twin pregnancy in 31 weeks of gestation with a history of IVF (In-Vitro Fertilization) in the current pregnancy. She referred to Ghaem hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in March 2017 because of severe lower extremities edema and 3+ proteinuria. Considering severe proteinuria (more than 6 gr/24 hr), edema, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia, the nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed and she was treated with methylprednisolone, Hydrochlorothiazide and Fenofibrate. At last, premature rupture of membrane occurred at 36 weeks of gestation. Cesarean was done because of the breech presentation of both fetuses and two healthy neonates were born with an optimal Apgar score.

Early diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome and accurate prenatal care in these patients could have optimal pregnancy outcomes, especially if it was not complicated by hypertension and renal dysfunction.

This study was performed to compare the success level of laparoscopic ovarian drillind by means of standard and dose-adjusted (on the basis of ovarian volume) treatment methods among infertile clomiphene resistant PCO women.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on infertile clomiphene citrate resistant PCOS women in the Gynecology department of Imam Reza Hospital between 2016 and 2017. The patients were randomly divided into two groups based on the ovarian cautery

group A (standard method) and group B (cautery on the basis of ovarian volume). The two groups were examined and compared regarding the antral follicles, serum level of AMH and androgens and midluteal progesterone one month after the operation. Regularity of cycles, ovulation and pregnancy were examined monthly up to 6 months of the operation. The significance level was set at P<0.05.

In total 60 women received bilateral LOD (n=30 per group). The level of AMH, testosterone and DHEAS was not significantly different at study entrance (P= 0.73, 0.91 and 0.16, respectively). The same result was obtained after one month of ovarian cautery (P= 0.94, 0.46 and 0.12, respectively) and also for postoperative midluteal progesterone (P = 0.31). Regarding intragroup comparisons, the decrease in the number of antral follicles and testosterone in group A (P = 0.02) and AMH level in group B (P = 0.04) was statistically significant. During the 6 months after treatment, the two groups had no meaningful difference in the cycles regularity, ovulation and pregnancy (P= 0.22, 0.11 and 0.40, respectively)

According to the results of this study, none of the two methods of ovarian cautery has priority to the other with regard to establishing cycles’ regularity and ovulation, but both methods are highly effective in establishing regular cycles. Moreover, the standard treatment was effective on decreasing the numbers of antral follicles and testosterone level whereas the dose-adjusted method significantly affected the decrease in AMH level. Therefore conducting similar studies with a larger samples size is highly recommended.

Cervical pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy (EP) in which the pregnancy implants in the lining of the endocervical canal. It accounts for less than 1 percent of ectopic pregnancies. The cause is unknown; local pathology related to previous cervical or uterine surgery may play a role given an apparent association with a prior history of curettage or cesarean delivery. The most common symptom of cervical pregnancy is vaginal bleeding, which is often profuse and painless. Lower abdominal pain or cramps occur in less than one-third of patients; pain without bleeding is rare. It is important to think about the possibility of cervical pregnancy in such patients since early diagnosis is critical to avoidance of complications and successful treatment. Management of this pregnancy is dependent on the hemodynamic status of the patient. Conservative management and some more aggressive therapy such as emergency hysterectomy can be used. The aim of this report was to introduce a case of successful conservative management of cervical pregnancy. A 30-year-old G2L1 woman with history of a previous cesarean section and possible diagnosis of missed abortion referred to the Gynecology Clinic of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 21 May 2017. Cervical pregnancy was diagnosed during curettage. Severe hemorrhage occurred after curettage and the hemodynamic status of the patient was unstable immediately after curettage. Severe threatening vaginal bleeding was controlled with intrauterine Foley catheter containing 60 cc normal saline and then vaginal packing. The patient was discharged with good general condition. In cervical pregnancy and unstable hemodynamic status and desire to preserve fertility, intrauterine Foley catheter and vaginal packing after curettage is helpful.