gholam reza heydari

Varenicline tartrate is a new and selective agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine varenicline efficacy in smoking cessation among hospitalized patients.

We looked through worldwide databases such as Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus. Relevant pieces of research published on varenicline efficacy on smoking cessation among hospitalized patients were discovered using proper keywords. The data were analyzed using Stata software version 14 and a random-effects model meta-analysis.

Nine studies were eligible to be included in this study, with a total sample size of 2131. Generally, the point abstinence rate was significantly greater in the varenicline group than in the placebo group at weeks 12 (odds ratio [OR]=0.59; 95% CI: 053-0.65; P<0.001), 24 (OR=0.78; 95% CI: 0.72-0.84; P<0.001), and 52 (OR=0.86; 95% CI: 0.80-0.92; P<0.001). Furthermore, the continuous abstinence rate for weeks 4 (OR=0.70; 95% CI: 019-0.54; P=0.000), 12 (OR=0.26; 95% CI: 019-0.54; P<0.001), 24 (OR=0.32; 95% CI: 019-0.53; P<0.001), and 52 (OR=0.32; 95% CI: 019-0.54; P<0.001) was significantly greater in the varenicline group than in the placebo group. 

According to the high efficacy of varenicline in both short- and long-term smoking settings and considering the importance of smoking cessation in high-risk hospitalized patients, varenicline consumption could be considered as a main smoking cessation strategy in these patients.

Since last decade, a device called PAKDAM (means clean inspiration) was invented in Iran which has been used in some cafe to prepare N2O and O2 as a new instrument instead of using water pipe. This study aimed to evaluate the respiratory and health effects of Pakdam and investigate its short and midterm side effects in users.
In a case-control pilot study between September 2021 and March 2022, 152 individuals were divided into two groups: 76 consumers (case) and 76 non- consumers (control). Both groups were divided into two groups of 36 smokers and 36 non-smokers. Participants signed the participation form and filled out the demographic data questionnaire, and then their vital signs, O2 saturation, expiratory CO, and spirometry tests were recorded.
The subjects who used the device had a mean blood pressure of 123.71±16.11 mmHg, oxygen saturation of 97.2±1.9, exhaled carbon monoxide of 9.8±5.5, and an FVC / FEV1 ratio of 88.5±7.9. These figures in control group were (137.79±18.15) - (94.1±4.2) - (14.3 ± 9.3) and (83.9 ± 10.4), respectively. In addition to the effects on the respiratory system, consumers had lower heart rates and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
The blood oxygen level and FEV1/FVC ratio were higher in subjects using Pakdam and the amount of exhaled carbon monoxide and blood pressure were lower. This condition was more common in smokers and less in non-smokers. It is possible to see the favorable effects of using Pakdam device on people especially in smokers.

To investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost and irrigation on the yield and irrigation water efficiency of Quinoa, this experiment was conducted as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design in the research field of the University of Kurdistan located in Dehgolan in 2021. The experimental factors included four levels of irrigation water 50, 75, 100, and 125% of the water requirement of the quinoa crop and the variable included four levels of vermicompost fertilizer to 0, 5, 10, and 15 tons/ha, respectively. The irrigation method used in this experiment was a drip-strip irrigation system. The amount of irrigation water was measured by a volumetric meter installed on the main pipe. The highest yield of quinoa seed equaled 2375 kg/ha was observed in the treatment of 125% of the water requirement and 15 tons/ha of vermicompost and a biological yield of 5560 kg/ha in the treatment of 100% of the water requirement and 15 tons/ha vermicompost. The highest values of water consumption efficiency and water use efficiency were observed in the treatment of 50% water requirement. The application of 15 tons/ha vermicompost caused a significant increase in water use efficiency compared to the control treatment. The highest quinoa harvest index was observed in the treatment of 125% of the crop water requirement.

With the rising prevalence of smoking among university students, coupled with the efficacy of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in smoking prevention, the current study was conducted to assess the effect of education based on the said theory on adopting smoking preventive behaviors among female university students.

This experimental interventional study, conducted in 2018, involved 114 female students of Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch (intervention and control groups, each with 57 students). The study data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the YRBSS 2013, Fishbein, and Ajzen international questionnaire, focusing on the TPB components (intent, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control). The data collection occurred in two stages: Before and one month after the intervention. The educational intervention was delivered in three sessions featuring lectures and group discussion methods. The collected data were analyzed by relevant tests using SPSS software, version 21.

Before the intervention, no significant relationships were observed between preventive behavior measures and the TPB components in the experimental and control groups (P <0.05). However, one month after the intervention, there was a statistically significant increase in the experimental group’s mean scores of all TPB components and preventive behaviors (P<0.05).

Regarding the effectiveness of education based on the theory of planned behavior in reducing the intent to smoke among female students, using this intervention seems to be an appropriate preventive strategy.

To identify trends and driving forces which are affecting the future of Iranian library catalogs based on knowledge society characteristics.

This is an applied study using desk research and survey. The expert panel consisted of 20 experts in the field of library catalogs with a brain storming method and then a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among the experts.

The results of research showed that the Iranian library catalogs are not associated with affecting trends on library catalogs based on the characteristics of the knowledge society. The driving forces categorized in two groups: internal (4 cases) and external (5 cases). Among the external driving forces, "smarting up library catalogs using new technologies" was identified as the most important driving force. Among the internal driving forces, "tendency to revise the library catalog structure", "role of the library as facilitator of access", "modifying and updating tools and standards" And "enrichment using tools such as content tables, discovery services, browsing capabilities, etc." have the most important driving forces.

Due to the unfavorable situation of affecting trends on Iranian library catalog, catalog specialists and policy makers in Iran should pay attention to the need of changing catalogs due to changes in trends and driving forces.

Existentialism is one of the most important philosophical and literary schools in the world, in which the human person is recognized as a conscious agent and in the experience of existence and also the touch of the meaning of existence, he directly faces the truth of existence, the emptiness of his life. understands Ontology or existentialism talks about man and his originality and emphasizes the priority of existence over nature and knows everything from that man. Also, examples such as human responsibility, human individuality, the vastness of the world, apprehension and anxiety, freedom, loneliness, isolation, and border situations are clear and obvious manifestations of the philosophical school of existentialism, which are found in contemporary poetry and in the poems of Akhwan. Third are also used. The Third Brotherhood lived in a period when existential thoughts influenced his works, and in fact, this poet's thought interacts with Sartre's thoughts. In this research, which was compiled using a descriptive-analytical and library method, it is possible to get an image of the school of existentialism in this poet's poetry and realize the mutual connection between her thoughts and Sartre.

One of the most important elements in the emergence of artistic creativity is the use of color. In fact, color is one of the special elements that can reveal many secrets and achieve many hidden secrets through knowing its characteristics and effects. Poets, as aestheticians of the universe, have used colors in their poetic images and sometimes used them to explain the inexpressible concepts and symbolic space of their poems.In this research, which has been carried out using a library method, while presenting poetic evidence from the poems of Ferdowsi Toosi and Bashar Ben Bard as the studied poets who have used colors in some way, analyzing the methods and how they use color in literature, symbolism and rhetoric (especially of black and white color) in inducing the message to the audience.The results of the research show that black and white colors in these poems of Ferdowsi and Basharban have a high frequency compared to other colors. Ferdowsi and Bashar Ben Bard have made good use of the huge capacity of colors to convey their thoughts, intentions and messages in various social, cultural, religious and political fields in a real, ironic, symbolic and mythological space to their audience.

Nowadays importance of energy consumption behavior studies has been increased due to energy demand expanded and governance of sustainable development. This article reinvestigated the factors affecting the behavior of electricity consumption by adopting a qualitative approach and conducting 60 semi-structured interviews with citizens in different regions of the country and conducting a qualitative content analysis (including 3 main categories and 10 subcategories). We have achieved an analytical model starts from individual layer of behavior to social layer. The findings indicate energy consumption behavior in the country is the result of man-made factors as well as natural factors, and only paying attention to individual dimensions will not be effective in the policy of energy consumption behavior. it is necessary to create intervention policies that combine all dimensions. Based on the findings, 8 theoretical propositions has been formulated regarding the factors affecting the energy consumption in the country.

Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure is one of the morbidity causes but it is ignored occasionally. Various studies have shown that hookah and cigarette smoke contain significant volume of heavy metals. This study was designed aiming biological monitoring of the level of heavy metals in the urine samples of workers in smoking cafés and its association with their lung function and respiratory symptoms in Tehran City.

The list of cafés in Tehran was provided, and they were divided into water pipe cafés (WPC), cigarette smoking cafés (CSC), and non‑smoking cafés (NSC); and then, 10 cafés were randomly selected from each group. Sampling was performed after explaining the study and obtaining the consent of the manager and staff. A check list of demographic data and smoking history was completed and analyzed.

A total of 96 individuals were studied; there were 32 subjects in each group. All subjects were male. Six days a week, they worked about 10 h a day in café. The concentration of heavy metals in the groups of hookah and cigarettes was significantly higher and respiratory indices in these groups were significantly lower than non‑smoking group.

Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the urinary level of heavy metals and reduces the respiratory capacity of people and this can be highly pathogenic in the future. Comprehensive informing on human rights should be provided in this regard and smoking bans in public places must be properly enforced.

Few studies have shown that smokers are more likely than non‑smokers to have coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19), whereas some reports indicate that smokers are under‑represented among those requiring hospital treatment for this illness. This study was designed and implemented for investigating the severity and outcome of COVID‑19 based on smoking.

This was a cross‑sectional study implemented in Tehran and Ahvaz with all COVID‑19 hospitalization patients from February to June 2021. Four categories selected for severity and worst outcomes. They are admission in the intensive care unit (ICU), lung involvement more than 50%, using more than three medications, and death. A check list of demographic data and smoking history was completed and analyzed.

A total of 11,112 patients were male (61.1%), and the mean age was 47.9 ± 11.3. A total of 1508 smokers (8.3%) were seen with any type of tobacco consumption. The frequency of ICU admission in the smokers is significantly higher than that in non‑smokers (23.9% vs. 18.8%). A total of 668 (44.3%) smokers had more than 50% ground glass opacity in lungs, whereas 5340 non‑smokers (32.1%) had so. Use of more than three medications in the smokers was significantly higher (70.6% vs. 52%). A comparison between patients based on smoking indicates that the death rate was significantly higher in smokers (31.6% vs. 25.6%).

Although smoking rates in COVID‑19 patients are lower than those in the general population, the consequences and mortality are higher in smokers.

Illicit tobacco trade is focused on Iran as a main target in the WHO’s eastern Mediterranean region. Serial studies of Cigarette Packs Survey with same method were conducted in Tehran between 2003 and 2015 to evaluate consumed smuggled cigarettes. This study as the fourth Cigarette Packs Survey is designed to indicate the trends of illicit cigarette trade in Tehran in the last two decades.

A cross-sectional household study was carried out in early 2021 in Tehran on 3042 persons who smoked at least one daily cigarette for a year. The sampling method was like the sampling method used in three previous studies. Participants aged≥15 years were asked to reveal their current cigarette pack, which was either legal cigarettes (having governmental label); or illegal cigarettes (without governmental label).

The subjects included 2536 males (83.4%) and the mean age was 39.9±12.1 years; 1854 subjects (60.9%) showed foreign cigarettes and 1188 (39.1%) showed domestic cigarettes; 2705 (88.9%) consumed legal cigarettes and 337 (11.1%) consumed illegal cigarettes. Consumption of illegal cigarettes by gender showed greater use of smuggled cigarettes in males (11.7%vs 8.1%). No significant differences were seen based on the marital and educational status in terms of illegal cigarettes prevalence.

Compare with previous studies, the trend of consumption of illicit cigarettes was decreasing in past two decades. This could be due to new regulation on monitoring cigarette distribution and changing illegal brands to legal as joint production.

In recent years, the phenomenon of dust with internal origin has been intensified, especially in the south and the southwest regions of the country which In addition to the impact on people's health, public service has also been impaired. On February 2016, due to the Khuzestan electricity network outage, other vital infrastructures such as water, communications, etc. collapesed, and created many problems in the society. In this research, the causes of the aggravation of the dust phenomenon in the region were targeted, especially with an emphasis on human-made factors. The results showed the policies and actions of the Ministries, especially the Ministry of Energy, regarding water resources and wetlands in the province are among the important factors of the occurrence, and the intensity of dust in the region and the duality of the role of the Ministry of Energy in the development governance of the province is manifested; Because despite the fact that the electricity department of the Energy Ministry considered itself a victim of the dust phenomenon in the Khuzestan power outage occurrence, the policies of the water sector of this ministry have been known to be effective in the occurrence of the dust phenomenon, which is the main cause of the power outage occurrence. According to the public governance of the environment in the country, the Ministry of Energy, as one of the government institutions, has certain duties regarding the protection of the environment, but the results of its performance regarding the water resources of Khuzestan province violated the aforementioned duties and duality in the structure-function and tasks of protection-exploitation has been detected in February outage.

In this study, the effect of different amounts of rainbow trout bone micropowder (concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2%) on the shelf life (the rate of formation of secondary fat oxidation compounds, total volatile nitrogen compounds, water holding capacity, color parameters) and the gel quality (hardness, chewing, cohesiveness and folding characteristics) of the largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) were examined during 15 days of refrigeration. Addition of bone micropowder to the gels prepared from hairtail fish, affected some of the gels properties. The results showed that with increasing the amount of bone micropowder in surimi gels, the amount of thiobarbituric acid (as the most important indicator of advanced degradation due to fat oxidation) was lower than to control group, which indicates the inhibitory effect of micropowder on lipid oxidation in the prepared surimi. In terms of color parameters, the results showed that horsetail fish gels containing bone micropowder had a darker color than the control. In the Folding Test, the horsetail gel containing bone micropowder with a concentration of 2% received the highest score. In the characteristics of texture profile (hardness, chewiness and cohesion indices), it was found that with increasing the amount of bone micropowder, the texture properties in the prepared surimi were significantly improved (p <0.05). Findings from the present study showed that bone micropowder due to its positive effect on the main indicators can be used to improve the texture properties of horsetail fish surimi gel.

The advent of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (so-called SARS-CoV-2) causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (so-called COVID-19) occurred in Dec. 2019 in Wuhan, China. Having an inconceivable worldwide contagion, the outbreak was labeled a pandemic by the WHO. Dental services and related professions (including dentists, dental assistants, dental hygienists and the personnel of cleansing, remedial, triage, dental laboratories, radiographic laboratories and other related paraclinicals), facing galore aerosol and droplets, are in the topmost risk groups exposed to the queer virus. This study was fulfilled to round up evidence-based data to break a link at any part of the virus transmission chain in dental services and related professions.

Relevant online databases, as PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar and TripDatabase were searched meticulously and evaluated for relevant published original research papers. Subsequently, to fulfill the investigation, ADA, CDC and WHO websites were reviewed to gain relevant guidelines and protocols. Consequently, 476 resources were included considering the canonical inclusion criteria. For the sake of quality assessment of the resources, an authentic checklist was exploited to score the resources from 1 to 15, wherein the admissible score was 10. After deliberation of resources, 366 of them were excluded and finally, 110 resources were selected and overhauled to attain a comprehensive perception on the subject of the investigation.

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 includes direct transmission (via droplet and aerosol inhalation) and indirect transmission (via surface and instrument contamination), which can amply occur in dental services and related professions. Therefore, an all-inclusive evidence-based miscellany was rallied on several exigent topics, containing genuine esteem in reputable scientific authorities, to present a consummate report for the dental clinicians and related practitioners, working in the course of the running pandemic.

Contemplating the ongoing crisis, undertaking a set of miscellany elected guidelines and protocols, is indispensable in this vital interval of history to bridle the current pandemic, which has been abridged via this systematic perusal.

To examine possible scenarios and propose the desired ones for the future of library catalogs in Irn

Experts views are sought, cross-impact balance analysis (CIB) and scenario planning are applied to develop scenarios. Scenario Wizard software was used for analysis.

4 strategic driving forces including: 1) quantity and quality of library catalogs in the virtual environment, 2) modification and updating of tools and standards, 3) library without walls, and 4) Interaction between library cataloging professionals and library system designers were identified based on which 12 favorable, static, and critical conditions were considered. Finally, 5 scenarios including: 1) favorable situation, 2) static, 3) unfavorable trends, 4) on the verge of crisis, and 5) crisis were selected with the highest consistency, then the characteristics of each of them were examined. Due to the strong influence and effectiveness among the 4 strategic drivers, the favorable situation scenario and the crisis situation scenario were identified with a strong probability of occurrence.

The juxtaposition and interaction of strategic driving forces, outlines various scenarios for the future of library catalogs in Iran that the occurrence of each of them will have different consequences for libraries and society.
Keywords: Library Catalogs, Scenario Planning, Cross-impact Balance Analysis, Strategic Driving Forces, Scenario Wizard.

The phenomenon of wet dust in Khuzestan province in February 2016 affected the provincechr('39')s electricity network and caused a widespread blackout. Following the power outage, other infrastructure in the province also suffered, the blackout crisis stimulated widespread social reactions. Accordingly, in this article, using the mixed method methodology, the dimensions and social consequences of the disaster are identified and analyzed. The results of qualitative section analysis showed that three categories of "disaster characteristics", "social contexts of the province" and" disaster readiness and management" have had an impact on "perception of the disaster". In addition, the social consequences of the disaster, such as "increased tendency to migrate from Khuzestan province" can be interpreted in direct connection with the perception of the disaster. The results of the quantitative part also confirmed the interpretations obtained in the qualitative part. However, the key finding of the article was that there was a wide perception gap between officials and different groups of people in Khuzestan regarding the different dimensions of the disaster. This makes it possible to understand the social reactions after the disaster. In the final part of the article, emphasizing the importance of social studies in the planning and policies of the Ministry of Energy and focusing on the Khuzestan disaster, suggestions are presented to promote social resilience in Khuzestan province.

Numerous studies have shown that waterpipe smokers as well as cigarette smokers are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study we sought to evaluate the acute effects of waterpipe smoking (WPS) on ankle brachial index (ABI), an indicator of atherosclerosis and an independent predictor of mortality.

This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2017. Twenty nine healthy male volunteers who had a history of WPS were enrolled. Demographic data and cigarette and WPS status were recorded via self-reporting questionnaire. Resting heart rate and brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressures of participants were recorded first and ABI measurements were done. Then subjects smoked waterpipe for about 20 minutes and ABI was measured immediately after WPS.

A total of 29 male adults with a mean age of 32 ± 9 years were included. The right-sided ABI was 1.05 ± 0.11 before WPS and significantly decreased to 0.98 ± 0.13 after WPS (P value = 0.006). The left-sided ABI before and after WPS were 1.09 ± 0.20 and 0.95 ± 0.18 respectively and the decrease was statistically significant (P value = 0.037). Vital signs before and after one session of WPS showed significant changes in heart rate (P < 0.001) and no significant changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (P = 0.09, and P = 0.14, respectively).

WPS has an acute effect on ABI as well as heart rate so it should be considered as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

the current study aimed to identify and analyze the barriers existed in knowledge commercialization in the field of Information Science and Knowledge Studies and to measure their importance as well.

this study was an applied-theoretical one conducted by documentary analytic and survey method. The study population consisted of faculty members and doctoral students in Information Science and Knowledge Studies in main universities namely University of Tehran, Kharazmi University, Al-Zahra University, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Shiraz university, University of Esfahan and Shahid Chamran University studying in academic year 2016-2017. To analyze the data gathered, some descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation and some inferential statistics like T single-sample and independent t-test were used.

 next to an extensive review, a set of 40 barriers for knowledge commercialization were identified and classified into 7 main dimensions. Among the barriers identified, the most important ones were identified as individual factors, supportive infrastructure factors, and legal-organizational factors.

The commercialization of research findings provides this opportunity for professionals in Information Science and Knowledge Studies to distance it from a theoretical setting, to change ideas and knowledge into property, services and commodity, to play a crucial role in the real environment of the society and finally to find the concrete mode.

Virgin themes, poetic atmosphere, subtle and elegant interpretations and compositions arising from Persian alphabet along with other literary and artistic themes have had special status in Persian literature arena since ancient time. Poets and authors, throughout ages and genres of Persian poetry, in terms of the form, shape, and characteristics of these letters, have created themes with them. Mystic and Sufi poets in comparison with other Persian literature poets have paid special attention to alphabetic letters and their artistic and literary structures so as to explain their own religious, mystical, Sufi thinking. One of the mystical poets who have utilized the characteristics of alphabet letters in a very vast expanse is Shah Nematollah Vali, the eighth century AH poet. Being the founder of Shah Nematollah Vali religious sect, he creates subtle and delicate themes to promote and explain the mystical and religious thoughts of the sect , thanks to Persian alphabet, that represent the intrinsic and perceptual creativity he had in using alphabet in construction of religious and mystical themes. This paper deals with the status and characteristics of Persian alphabet letters in terms of the form , literary, and visible outline, together with their roles in creation of composition, interpretation, and religious and mystical themes. By investigating the complete set of poetic evidences achieved from Shah Nematollah Vali’s poetry in terms of religious, mystical, and literary themes out of alphabetic letters, the result illustrates that Shah Nematollah Vali have virtually used every alphabetic letters to create them. However, the scope of applying the letter A in comparison with other letters is by far wider and more. The poet has paid further attention to some letters such as B, M, Ein (ع), and N for the sake of their exclusive characteristics. In addition, the scope of religious and mystical themes arisen from these letters as compared with literary and poetic themes are much higher.

The present study was designed to estimate the net transition probabilities in triple stages of cigarette consumption in Iranian men over 15 years old. Data from the national surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in 2011 were entered in the present study. Data of 3130 Iranian men between the ages of 15 and 69 years old were included. Individuals were divided to three groups of current smoker, past smoker and nonsmoker based on cigarette consumption. Afterwards, net transition probability of different stages of cigarette consumption over a year was assessed. Net transition probability from nonsmoker to smoker was at its highest level until 30 years of age at 19.1 per 1000 men and then net transition reduces to reach zero per 1000 men at the age of 45 years old. However, net transition probability from smoker to nonsmoker was at a very low level until 45 years of age but, it increases afterwards to reach a plateau at the age of 64 years old. Net transition probability from smoker to nonsmoker is estimated to be 23.1 per 1000 men at the age of 69 years old. For the first time, the present study has estimated the transition probabilities in different stages of cigarette consumption in Iranian adults. Findings showed that risk of becoming a smoker in younger individuals is much higher than the risk in middle-aged and old population. However, tendency to quit smoking is increased after the age of 45 years old. Therefore, health policy makers should concentrate on younger age groups in their preventive strategies regarding control of tobacco consumption.

"A", "Alef", "aA" and "HAMZAH" are the first letter of the alphabet of the Persian language and Arabic, and the first letter of the words "Jommal and Abjad". The letter "alef" is used in constructing the concepts, combinations and themes of Persian literature in comparison with other letters of the Persian alphabet, and is one of the most widely used ones. By studing the literary and artistic use of the letter “alef” in the lyrics of Khorasani style poets, it became clear that in most of the poems of this style, the letter “alef” represents and reflects the Loneliness, the essence of God, honesty, purity, leadership, high and tall stature, Pride, slimming, weakness, endurance, rebellion, smoothie, silence, bilingual, poverty, begging, lack, nakedness, happiness, the first creation, being small and etc. Also, in the simile, the thorns, the crescent of the new moon, the cane, the pen, the finger, the cedar, the narrow waist and... have been made to the alef. According to the poetic evidence presented in this study, we can say that in the style of Khorasani, like other literary styles, the poets, having regard to the form, mode, and property of the letters, especially the letter alef, have created themes and by creating compounds, phrases, expressions and images, they have benefited from the form, mode, and features of the letter alef. According to the findings of this research, Anvari more than the other poets with his own style in Khorasani style, was more interested in Imagination, creating beautiful themes, literary and artistic combinations derived from the form and the mode alef. Pictures and themes based on the letter alef in Anvari's poems are the best and most beautiful artistic themes in this style. After Anvari, Naser Khosrow is also a very active poet in the field. Although the subtlety and elegance of Compositions and pictures of Naser Khosrow in his works is not like Anvari, but they have a lot of literary and artistic value. Poets such as Suzani Samarghandi, Amir Mo'ezzi, Qatran Tabrizi, Mansour Hallaj and ... who are mentioned in the text with poetic evidence, have paid attention to create images, artistic and literary themes and combinations, though they are very few.

Despite various applications of tele-ICU, there are still many questions about its costs and advantages in ICU. Some of its advantages are accelerating consultations and bringing physicians satisfaction from tele-consultation outcomes. The aim of this study is to discuss these advantages. Initially a telemedicine network was implemented and in the case of having no related specialist, the physicians used telemedicine network to perform specialized tele-consultation to thoracic surgery ICU patients. ICU patients documents during a year before tele-consultation were studied and delay time in consultation was recorded and compared between the two phases. Finally, the physicians satisfaction with tele-consultation was evaluated. Fifty-eight tele-consultations in various medical fields were carried out, of which 27 were neurology cases. From the time of receiving a consultation request to its performance, the mean time was 1.3 days in tele-consultation. Tele-consultations were given 2.5 times faster than face to face method. In evaluation of physicians satisfaction, 82.75% of them were fully satisfied from tele-consultation, 12.06% were partly satisfied and 5.17% were not satisfied. Since the length of hospitalization in ICU is crucial due to heavy costs of treatment, high risk of contamination and limited beds, performing timely consultation is a key factor in reducing hospitalization period. Tele-consultation in thoracic surgery ICU not only accelerates patient care, but also results in higher physician satisfaction.

'A' or 'Alif' the first letter of Persian alphabet, is a prominent vowel in Farsi language. It is the first letter of Abjad numeral system which represents number one in this system. Alif signifies the Taurus astrological sign. In mystical, philosophical, and rhetorical literature, Alif represents unique God, Holy Spirit, God's mercy; Adam's the father, abstract sphere, solitude, and the single mystery and etc.Due to its special form and position and some other unique features, letter Alif is one of the most used letters in order to create the original themes and poetic areas, mot and elegant expressions and compounds in Persian literature, poetry with Iraqi Style. Alif is a leading in most of poetry by these poets meanings like consistent and firm colossal stature, handsomeness, oblong, tense and stretched. It also signifies greatness, proud and honor, slimness, uprightness, stability, resistance, persistence, staunchness, loyalty, faithfulness and standing on one's promise. Alif has fallen in love with its stature. Since Alif has accent-like sign overhead, it is rebellious. Despite having tongue, it is dumb and silent. It is regarded as one of the poorest in terms of wealth among letters. It symbolizes poverty, abjection, destitution, vacancy, pauperism, beggary, inexistence, absence, loss, and self-denial. It also suggests nakedness, nudity, embarrassment, self-evidence, preparedness, distress and confusion and adornment. It carries meanings like solitude, individualism, loneliness, uniqueness, detachment, freedom, honesty, frankness, and innocence. Alif is motionless and stagnant. Its creation begins with points and dots. All letters and numbers then are founded upon this letter. Alif is the first letter of creation. It also indicates minuteness, brevity and tininess. Alif is the most common simile in Persian literature and the poetry's and prose's images or contents used in Persian literature are described. It was compared to needles, thorn, moon crescent, sticks, pens and plumes, fingers, arrows, bolts, cedars, gallows and scaffolds, newly grown whiskers or beard,  half or full moon, and etc. In this article, we try to study the literary, artistic, and video applications of letter Alif in poets' poetry with Iraqi Style.

The present systematic review and meta-analysis is designed in order to assess the association between passive and active smoking and lipid profile of children and adolescents.
An extensive search was done in databases of Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL until October 2017. Two independent researchers screened articles and in the next step, full texts of probably relevant articles were read and summarized. At the end, results of mentioned studies were pooled and a standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was reported.
Data from 17 studies (containing 41619 children and adolescents; age group between 4 and 18 years old; 51.72% boys) were entered. Comparing serum level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in two groups of exposed and non-exposed to cigarette smoking showed that active exposure (SMD= -0.40, 95% CI: -0.59 to -0.21) and passive exposure to cigarette smoke (SMD= -0.18, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.06) decreases the serum level of mentioned lipoprotein. Additionally, active exposure to cigarette smoke (SMD=0.16, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.27) causes a modest increase in serum level of triglyceride. However, cigarette smoke exposure does not have any effect on the level of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL).
The present meta-analysis showed that exposure to cigarette smoke leads to a significant decrease in the level of HDL and triglyceride but, it does not have any effect of the level of total cholesterol and LDL in children and adolescents.

Providing smoking cessation services are special importance to tobacco control programs. To date, Champix is a new expensive medication for smoking cessation available nationally. Champix has both agonist and antagonist activities and can reduce nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the duration of using Champix based on its cost.
This quasi‑experimental study was conducted with smokers presenting to the Tanaffos Smoking Cessation Clinic in Tehran, Iran 2016. Smokers were visited by a physician 3 times at 1‑week intervals for counseling. Smokers started to use Champix and stopped smoking in the 2nd week of counseling and were followed up by phone and through regular visits to the clinic at 1, 3, and 6 months postintervention. Some of them did not continue medication for 12 weeks because of its cost.
A total of 227 smokers including 133 males (58%) with a mean age of 43 years were enrolled of whom 116 (51.1%), 89 (43.6%), and 34 (20.6%) had quit smoking after 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. Quit rates were signifcantly higher among those who used Champix for more than 6 weeks, and this rate was not correlated with age, sex, educational level, or nicotine dependence.
Use of Champix for more than 6 weeks increases the quitting success rate compared with using for a shorter time. The cost of Champix was important for smokers and adding Champix to the list of insurance medication or getting it free of charge is needed.