h samadi

Alterations in gait patterns and asymmetry in gait cycle parameters among individuals with intellectual disabilities increase the risk of falls, reduce motor efficiency, and also increase coordination variability. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different types of attentional focus on the coordination variability of lower body segments in educable girls with intellectual disabilities.

This applied, quasi-experimental study involved 23 girls aged 10–13 years with educable intellectual disabilities, selected through convenience sampling. Inertial sensors were attached to the pelvis, thigh, leg, and foot to assess gait kinematics under four attentional focus conditions: control (Ctrl), internal attention (IA), close external attention (CEA), and far external attention (FEA). Coordination variability (CV) was calculated using the angle-angle method between adjacent limb segments and the standard deviation index. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

No significant differences were observed in the CV of the Hip-Thigh segment across the attentional focus conditions (Ctrl: 32.05 ± 9.71; IA: 32.75 ± 8.60; CEA: 32.94 ± 8.70; FEA: 34.00 ± 6.10) (p ≥ 0.05). However, the CV of the Thigh-Leg segment (Ctrl: 7.25 ± 1.33; IA: 7.37 ± 1.40; CEA: 7.43 ± 2.33; FEA: 7.80 ± 2.26) and the Leg-Ankle segment (Ctrl: 17.00 ± 2.90; IA: 17.45 ± 5.70; CEA: 18.73 ± 3.67; FEA: 19.31 ± 5.90) were significantly lower in the FEA condition compared to the IA condition (p ≤ 0.05).

The findings suggest that adopting a far external focus of attention can effectively reduce coordination variability in lower body segments during gait in girls with intellectual disabilities.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical exercise and exergame interventions on the psychomotor aspects of armed forces personnel diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

A quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test measurements, including a control group, was employed. A total of 60 male members of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran diagnosed with PTSD were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to one of three groups: Pilates training, exergame intervention, and control, with 20 participants in each group. The experimental groups participated in 24 sessions of intervention (three one-hour sessions per week), while the control group continued with their usual daily routines and treatment plans. Data collection involved administering the Berg Functional Balance Scale, the Tandem Gait Motor Coordination Test, and the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire during both the pre-test and post-test phases. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test via SPSS 25 software, with a significance level of 0.05 applied throughout.

Both exercise and exergame interventions significantly improved psychomotor components in participants. Pilates training demonstrated superior efficacy compared to exergames in enhancing quality of life and motor coordination, while no significant differences in functional balance were observed between the two experimental groups.

Physical exercise, including Pilates and virtual reality-based exergames, effectively enhances psychomotor skills in military personnel with PTSD, with Pilates yielding greater benefits in certain areas.

Employees of the Law Enforcement Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran (FARAJA) are psychologically more vulnerable than other jobs due to the inherent characteristics of the military job. Considering the importance of this issue, the main aim of the current research was to predict the cognitive emotion regulation strategies and psychological well-being in FARAJA forces based on the level of physical activity.
Instrument &

The present research was a descriptive-correlational study, which was conducted in 2022. The research population included all the male personnel of FARAJA in Yazd City, of whom 182 individuals were selected based on the available sampling. The research tools were the Psychological Well-Being Scale (2002), the Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2002), and the Sharkey Physical Activity Index (1997). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression using SPSS version 25 software.

The physical activity levels can significantly predict the variables of adjusted emotion regulation strategies and psychological well-being in the male FARAJA personnel (p<0.01). However, due to the low correlation with the non-adjusted emotion regulation strategies, the physical activity levels could not significantly predict this variable (p=0.48).

According to the results on predicting emotion regulation strategies and psychological well-being based on the level of physical activity, it is suggested to provide appropriate programs and considerations for the participation of FARAJA male employees in regular physical activities.

Impaired shoulder function and range of motion are important consequences of functional instability of the shoulder joint in overhead athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a period of neuromuscular training on range of motion and shoulder function in athletes with functional instability of the shoulder joint.The present study was performed quasi-experimentally with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical sample consisted of 30 girls aged 22 to 35 years who were selected purposefully and available based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and finally were randomly divided into two groups of control and training. All subjects participated in the research voluntarily after completing the consent form. In the pre-test stage, shoulder joint function was assessed by YBT–UQ test and also shoulder joint range of motion was assessed by goniometer. After the pre-test, the subjects in the exercise group performed a neuromuscular training program for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week. At the end of 8 weeks of training, all the measurements that were performed in the pre-test stage were performed again in the post-test stage. Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the obtained data.Findings showed that neuromuscular exercises of the shoulder joint significantly increase the score of the upper limb function test of the subjects of the exercise group in all three directions, as well as significantly increase the range of motion of the shoulder joint in flexion, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation (p≤0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the above variables between pre-test and post-test in the control group (p≥0.05). Also, the results showed that in the post-test, there is a significant difference between all the investigated variables between the two groups (p≤0.05).Neuromuscular training develops muscle coordination and strength due to its multifaceted approach. Improving the efficiency of the neuromuscular system increases the function and range of motion of the shoulder joint. Therefore, this training method can be used as a suitable option in the rehabilitation of athletes with functional shoulder instability.

Due to the fact that women are among the vulnerable groups of the society and have special characteristics in the field of health and treatment issues, for this reason it is necessary to know their needs and try to solve them. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and the effectiveness of a web-based physical activity course on the level of physical literacy and body image tolerance strategies in overweight middle-aged women with a two-month follow-up.

The present semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test-post-test with an experimental group and a control group in 2021. Twenty-four overweight women with an age range of 40-60 years were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups after the pre-test. Participants in the experimental group participated in an eight-week web-based exercise program. The program consisted of 10 minutes of warm-up, 40 minutes of the main body of the training including resistance and endurance exercises with moderate intensity and finally 10 minutes of cool-down exercises. The collected data were analyzed using Mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni's post hoc test.

 The results indicated that the effect of physical exercise training program on the levels of physical literacy and its components was significant and the participants in the experimental group had better performance than the control group in the post-test and follow-up stages (p<0.05). Moreover, regarding body image coping strategies, the results indicated the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in the post-test and follow-up stages (p<0.05).

The results of the present study revealed that 8 weeks of holistic physical activity based on the web has positive effects on the level of physical literacy and body image coping strategies in overweight middle-aged women. Therefore, physical activity is recommended for overweight middle-aged women to improve physical literacy and body image coping strategies.

 Adequate physical activity and mobility positively affect the mental health of people, especially people with special needs. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of sports activities on cognitive emotion regulation strategies, perceived psychological stress, and psychological hardiness of veterans and the disabled. 

 This descriptive study was conducted in 2021 on veterans and the disabled in Yazd, Iran. the number of 100 people (50 athletes and 50 non-athletes) selected by the convenience sampling method. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire examined research variables. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test through SPSS 25 software with the one-way ANOVA.

 There was a significant relationship between the perceived physiological stress, uncompromising emotion regulation strategies, and psychological hardiness in athletes and non-athletes’ veterans and disabled (p≤0.05). There was no significant difference in adapted emotion regulation strategies between the two groups (p>0.05).

The results showed lower scores in perceived stress and uncompromising strategies of emotion regulation and a higher score of psychological hardiness in athletes’ veterans and disabled

Benches play a basic role in students sitting in the correct posture for a long period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ergonomics of common school benches on the electrical activity of selected muscles of healthy female students or with lumbar lordosis.

For this purpose, 24 students with an average age of 10.26±1.78 years were selected and divided into two groups of 12 healthy subjects or with lordosis by convenience sampling. The students were sat down on two types of common benches in the school. At the beginning of sitting, a 30-second signal was taken from their selected muscles (rectus abdominis, spinal extensors, rectus femoris and biceps femoris), then a half-hour educational video was shown to them, and at the end, a 30-second signal was taken from their muscles. Statistical analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

There was a significant difference in the electrical activity of the muscles of healthy and lordosis students in attached benches in rectus femoris, biceps femoris and spinal extensors (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in rectus abdominis muscle (p<0.19). There was a significant difference in the electrical activity in the detached benches of the rectus femoris muscles (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in rectus abdominis (p<0.24), biceps (p<0.37) and spinal extensors (p<0.09).

The results showed that sitting on attached benches was more inappropriate for students with lordosis. Therefore, it is recommended to design ergonomics standard table and benches based to the students' static anthropometric measurements.

Paying attention to mental and physical health is very important for all society sections, especially veterans. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity and self-esteem, body image concern, and veteranschr('39') self-esteem.

In this descriptive study, the statistical sample consisted of 100 male veterans who did not have any acute problems in physical and physical conditions and were selected by the available sampling method. The instruments used in this study included a demographic questionnaire, shark physical activity, body image concern, self-esteem, and physical self-worth. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis with simultaneous input of variables and SPSS 23 software.

Physical activity had a positive relationship with self-esteem (r=0.442; p<0.01) and physical self-worth (r=0.532; p<0.01), and had a negative relationship with body image concern (r=-0.373; p<0.01). P). Only the physical self-worth variable (t=2.726; p<0.01) predicted the physical activity.

There is a relationship between physical activity with self-esteem, physical self-worth, and body image concern. the variable of physical self-worth has the ability to predict the variable of physical activity.

Nitrate contamination of drinking water is a common problem in many parts of the world that poses a serious threat to public health and environment. In this research, the performance of a new rotary electrocoagulation reactor model for removal of nitrate in presence or absence of turbidity has been investigated.

In this study, aluminum and iron electrodes were analyzed in parallel and monopolar arrangement. At each test time, a sample of 370 liters was prepared and the effects of operating parameters such as initial nitrate concentration, current density, annular reactor speed, optimum time, electrode materials and presence of turbidity on nitrate removal were evaluated.

The results indicated that the optimum utilization parameters were material of aluminum electrode, current density of 22.8 A/m2, annular reactor speed of 13.3 rpm and optimum time of 90 min, under which removal efficiency was 95.7%. The presence of turbidity has decreasing effect on nitrate removal and at nitrate concentration of 225 mg and with increasing in turbidity, the removal efficiency decreased from 81% to 48%. For aluminum electrode, the consumed energy in optimum utilization condition was 0.74 kWh/m3.

The results of this study showed that the introduced batch rotary reactor model was able to remove the high nitrate content from aquatic environments with ease of use and this model is recommended to be used for drinking water treatment plants.

Ceramic-matrix composites containing TiC-TiN have been used in a variety of application because of their superior properties such as high hardness, good wear resistance and high chemical stability. In this research, effect of coke and coke/calcium beds in synthesis of Al 2O3-Ti(C, N) composites using alumino-carbothermic reduction of TiO 2 has been investigated. Al, TiO 2 and active carbon with additives of extra carbon and NaCl and without additives, in separate procedures, have been mixed. Afterwards, mixtures were pressed and synthesized in 1200oC for 4hrs, in coke and coke/calcium beds, separately. Al 2O3-Ti(C,N) composite was synthesized in ternary system of Al-TiO 2 -C with excess carbon and NaCl additives in calcium/coke bed in 1200. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) results showed that existence of calcium in bed resulted in intensification of reduction atmosphere in samples and formation of Ti(C,N) phase enriched from carbon was accelerated. Crystallite sizes of synthesis Ti(C,N) at 1200 °C in reducing conditions were 22-28 nm.

Sedimentation in open channels is one of the basic problems in the management of irrigationnetworks. Complexity of behavior of cohesive sediment transport makes determination of the criteriafor open channel design to be difficult. The purpose of this study is to determine non-settling velocityand non-settling shear stress for open channel flow containing wastewater and suspended cohesivesediment. Experiments were carried out in an annular flume located in the hydraulic laboratory ofShahrekord University, Iran. The sediment samples were taken from Pirbalut dam reservoir, locatedupstream of Northern Karun basin. The result showed that wastewater content in flow causes thesuspended sediment deposition and flocculation to be likely increased. It also caused the threshold ofnon-settling velocity to be increased at a rate of 10% compared to pure water. A similar result was alsoobtained for threshold of shear stress. The results obtained from this study were compared and theresults showed that the empirical methods were not capable in calculating non-settling velocity foropen channel flow containing waste water and suspended cohesive sediments. The results also showedthat the Froud number should be more than 0.47 for non-settling condition of suspended cohesivesediments.