h. darabi

Sineqan mine, 25 km away from Delijan city (Markazi province), has shown important evidences of iron oxide ores containing copper, gold and rare earth elements (REE) in the early stages of exploration. In the present study, a low-grade sample of the mine from the albite zone containing 0.69% of copper and 223, 186 and 55 g/t of cerium, lanthanum and neodymium was processed and compared with the results of elements correlation in geochemical samples. Cerium, neodymium and lanthanum showed the highest correlation with each other and with the thorium. The correlation coefficient of light REEs with phosphorus was negative. The results of ammonium sulfate leaching showed that the occurrence of REE in the sample is not as adsorption on clay minerals and the study of the correlation coefficient of REE with aluminum and sodium in geochemical samples also confirmed this result. The results of leaching with H2SO4 showed that selective leaching of copper is possible. The low efficiency of leaching with H2SO4, HCl and HNO3 and the higher efficiency of 96% for leaching with cerium and lanthanum under acidic baking conditions showed that a significant part of REEs is in the form of refractory minerals. The concentration ratio of REEs in the magnetic concentrate was close to iron. According to the correlation analysis of elements in geochemical samples, the correlation of calcium with REE was in the range of -0.2to-0.3. In the flotation test, although the grade of calcium increased 3.5 times in the flotation concentrate, this was not the case for REEs. The results of this research can be used in similar cases in the early stages of exploration and processing feasibility studies.

Let $(G,M)$ be a pair of groups, in which $M$ is a normal subgroup of a group $G.$ We study some properties of $n$-isoclinism of pair of groups. In fact, we show that the subgroups and quotient groups of two $n$-isoclinism pair of groups are $m$-isoclinic for all $m\le n.$ Moreover, the properties of $\pi$-pair and supersolvable pair of groups which are invariant under $n$-isoclinism has be studied.

Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is required to control leishmaniases. Therefore, simple tests that can evaluate the cellular immunity of the target populations can help to understand the immune status of the human subjects, their immunity to the re-infection and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the potential vaccines. Here, we compared antigens based on single clones of L. infantum promastigotes and axenic amastigotes by in vitro and in vivo tests.

Using serial dilutions, L. infantum promastigotes were selected as single clones (PSC) or were grown under axenic conditions with succinate-tris to prepare amastigote-like single clones (ASC). Antigens prepared from PSC and ASC were then compared with typical Leishmania major and L. infantum amastigotes by SDS-PAGE, Western-blotting and proliferation tests as well as an in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity test on guinea pigs. Results Both PSC and ASC exhibited a distinctive ~50-kDa band could be detected by Western-blotting. The proliferation tests results indicated that both PSC and ASC could cause higher lymphocyte proliferation compared to typical L. infantum and L. major promastigotes; however the differences were not significant. Moreover, both PSC and ASC had an ability to induce comparable DTH and hence CMI.

Similar proliferation or delayed-type hypersensitivity could be caused with antigens based on PSC, ASC or the typical promastigotes and any of these reagents could potentially be used for in vivo detection of CMI in VL epidemiological or vaccine studies.

With attention to high potential in sediment delivery of semi-arid and semi-humid regions, in this study was prepared sediment-discharge equation for Poldoab Shazand station (Markazi province) with semi-arid climate and Tireh Dorud station (Lorestan province) with semi-humid climate. Then with applying the MVUE, Smearing, QMLE, FAO and β compared the correction amounts of equations for two regions. According to results, the most number of Nash-Sutcliffe criteria was related to FAO with 0.558 in the Poldoab Shazand station and 0.715 in the Tireh Dorud station. Also correction coefficients in the Tireh Dorud station was around 1.7 equal then to Poldoab Shazand station. Due to the high variation of coefficients a and b of equations two stations, as well as an inverse relationship between the two coefficients, it is needed in preparation of sediment rating equation that moreover river flows variable, other parameters related to precipitation specifications and physical properties of watershed can be applied.

The increasing production and rapid changes of electric and electronic equipments as well as their short useful life have created a large stream of waste electric and electronic equipment (weee). Although there are some disposal and burning methods to manage e-waste, these conventional methods have several economical and environmental disadvantages. E-wastes are composed of many different materials and their component make up is relatively complicated. Moreover reported data from different organizations shows the increasing amount of waste stream. As a result it is necessary to have an appropriate infrastructure, a comprehensive program and an effective management to recycle electronic waste effectively. In recent years many countries and organizations have drafted legislation to improve the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery in order to reduce the disposal of such wastes. Fortunately there have been effective measures in this field in our country Iran. In this paper, we briefly study electronic waste stream in terms of materials and components and amount of waste, recycling process including general steps of the process, advantages, e-waste management, collection system and related environmental problems and also recycling measures and programs in Iran.