hadi chamheidar

In this research, different amounts of glyphosate herbicide were applied at different times of plant growth. It has been used as a non-selective herbicide in agriculture in the past and present decades due to the development of resistant and resistant weeds. This scientific research was carried out in Shushtar city with the use of different amounts of glyphosate herbicide to evaluate the damage and performance of Tomato, Cucumber and Bean. Glyphosate herbicide was applied in the amounts of 1.51, 2.51, 4.56, 6.55, 8.50 grams of effective substance per hectare. Glyphosate was used in early vegetative and early reproductive stages. The results showed that there was minimal to no damage, reduction in growth and yield for the local cucumber plant of Chambar with the use of herbicides. 14 days after applying the treatment with the amount of 6.55 and 8.50 g/ha, tomato damage was observed with 28-42%. With the application of 8.50 grams per hectare, a 68% decrease in commercial yield was observed. Tomato also showed more sensitivity when exposed to this herbicide in the reproductive stage than in the vegetative stage. Beans were the most sensitive product investigated in this experiment. Damage 14 days after application of treatment after using herbicide with application rates for beans was more in the vegetative growth stage compared to reproductive stage. Also, reduction of plant height and accumulation of biomass occurred for beans. On the other hand, with the application of 8.50 grams per hectare, 13% of the relative commercial yield of beans was observed

Selenium is now recognized as essential trace element for ruminants.
Studying the effect of different levels of selcote ultra fertilizer and farm yard manure on the concentration of selenium in alfalfa in order to achieve optimum concentration of selenium in this plant.
The experiment was factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors consisted of Se levels (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g ha-1) and farm yard manure (zero and 100 tons per hectare). Plant was harvested at the height of 20 cm in three turns and after preparation the plant samples, their selenium concentration was measured.
The result of means comparison showed that the concentration of selenium during three harvests was affected by different levels of selenium fertilizer and farm yard manure. With increasing selenium rates, selenium concentration in the plant aerial parts in all three harvests raised significantly (p<0.05). Selenium concentration for the cattle in all treatments except for the control treatment in all three harvests was in the optimal range.
The treatment of 5 g ha-1 selenium could be used as a suitable treatment for providing cattle and human demands with selenium, because its application is more economical in comparison to treatments of 10, 20, and 40 g.ha-1.

This research was carried out in order to investigate the reaction of canola cultivars to salinity tension in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications in the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, during 2016-17 cropping year. In the present experiment the reaction of four canola cultivars (Hyola 320, Hyola 330, Option 500 and Sarigol) in vegetative growth stages was investigated in four salinity levels zero(control), 50, 100 and 150 mmol NaCl). The results showed the highest and lowest shoot dry weights were seen at the highest level of salinity tension in Hyola 320 (2.8 g) and Option 500 (1.5 g) and Sarigol bushes cultivars were eliminated at this salinity level. Salinity tension significantly reduced photosynthesis and chlorophyll a and b concentrations of canola cultivars, however at 150 mmol NaCl salinity level, the highest photosynthesis was observed in Hyola 320 and Heyola 330 (9.3 and 8.9 μmol Carbon dioxide per square meter of leaf area per second). Salinity tension reduced sucrose synthase enzyme activity in canola cultivars leaves, while cell membrane degradation in response to salt tension increased and the highest concentration of malondialdehyde was observed in salinity level of 150 mmol NaCl in Option 500 cultivar (0.051 nanomol per gram leaf). The results showed that Hyola 320 and Heulla 330 cultivars had more stability in cell membrane stability, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activity and sucrose synthase enzyme activity compared to Option 500 and Sarigol cultivars.

The study is designed with the aim of studying the effect of different levels of selenium fertilizer and cow manure on the concentration of selenium in alfalfa. For this purpose, a pot experiment with complete randomized design in the form of a factorial experiment was carried out with five levels of selenium fertilizer (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g ha-1), and two levels of cow manure (Zero and 100 tons per hectare) with three replications in the greenhouse, using Lavark soil of research farm of Isfahan University of Technology in 2016. The selenium content of the samples was measured using atomic absorption device. The results of the experiment showed that the effect of selenium fertilizer levels on selenium concentration in the plant was significant in all three harvestings, but selenium concentration showed consecutive decreases in the consecutive impressions. Increasing the application of cow manure significantly increased alfalfa yield in all three harvests, and the average harvest yield was more than the second harvest, and it was more than the first harvest. The use of animal manure reduced the concentration of selenium in plants and decreased in successive consecutive. In general, selenium fertilizer without the presence of animal manure increased the concentration of selenium in the studied plant.

One of the crucial elements for livestock and human nutrition is selenium and its deficiency or toxicity can harm human and livestock health. The present study is designed with the aim of studying the effect of different levels of selenium fertilizer (Selcote-Ultra) and cow manure on the uptake of selenium in tall fescue. For this purpose, a pot experiment with complete randomized block design in the form of a factorial experiment was carried out on a single soil sample with the cultivation of Festuca arundinacea (Tall fescue), five levels of selenium fertilizer (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g.ha-1), and two levels of cow manure (Zero and 100 tons per hectare) with three replications during the 2014-2015. The result of means comparison showed that the uptake of selenium during three harvests was affected by different levels of selenium fertilizer and cow manure. With increasing selenium rates, selenium uptake in the plant aerial parts in all three harvests raised significantly (p<0.05). Selenium uptake for the cattle in all treatments except for the control treatment in all three harvests was in the optimal range, therefore the treatment of 5 g.ha-1 selenium could be used as a suitable treatment for providing cattle and human demands with selenium, because its application is more economical in comparison to treatments of 10, 20, and 40 g.ha-1. With increasing cow manure application, selenium uptake in tall fescue in all three harvests revealed a significant decrease (p<0.05) which is due to dilution effect and the organic material role in selenium absorption.