hamed abbasi

Cities are among the important tourist destinations, attracting tourists from nearby regions every year. In addition to tourist attractions, facilities, equipment, and service facilities are essential factors in developing the tourism industry. Hamedan is considered one of the most important tourist destinations in the country due to its thousands of years of history and various tourist attractions. For this reason, this research investigates the mediating role of tourists' experiences in the influence of tourist destinations' infrastructures on the behavioral tendencies of tourists in Hamadan city. SPSS 24 and Smart PLS 2 software were used to analyze the research data. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the relationship between the indicators of the designed model and the main components of the model. The results of intellectual factor load coefficient (0.88), word of mouth (0.87), desire to visit again (0.86), hard infrastructure (0.86), sensory (0.84), educational (82. 0), emotional (0.81), and soft infrastructure (0.71) were calculated; all of which are higher than the minimum figure (0.4), and indicate the appropriate explanation of the underlying variables by the dimensions and indicators used. Obtaining coefficients of determination (0.435) and (0.709) by the variables of tourists' experiences and behavioral tendencies shows the strong prediction of the endogenous variables by the exogenous variables of the model. In fact, tourists' behavioral tendencies result from the evaluation of city services, facilities, and equipment, and this feeling of satisfaction is formed from the tourist's overall perception of comfort, health, and safety facilities.

The Mogul period and governing of Chengiz's successors is one of the most important periods of Iran; a period lasted at least until the end of the Timurid reign. Compiling the historical books concentrated at that time and many volumes written in the subject. In this research, that the method is descriptive-analytical and a type of research using library tool, one of works of this era identified which is Shajarat al-Atrāk. The Shajarat al-Atrāk is a summary from a lost book, called Olos-e Arba`a Chengizi attributed to Ologh beik written between 980-1000 AH. The author is unclear but that is indirectly understood that he was Muslim (Sunni Shāfe'i) and his homeland (or land of residence) was probably Samarqand. In this book, the author attempts to show his work as a valid book and hence it was completely proved that in addition numerous told and untold resources, two books (Zafarnamah Yazdi – in prose – and Chengiznamah/ Shahnamah Kashani – in poetry) are main resources of it. The name of this book is also Shajarat al-Atrāk and Olos-e Arba`a. The author also called his own source, with these two names. There are several versions of the book attributed to Ologh beik and the author of Shajarat al-Atrāk, who has used from it, had several copies of Relating a historical book to Ologh beik based on two principles is wrong: a. there is no explicit document - with the exception of Khwandmir's brief notification; b. Ologh beik had no reputation for writing history or literature.

The signaling pathway of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/SMAD3 plays a crucial role in developing liver and kidney fibrosis. TGF-β is linked to metastasis through SRY-related, high-mobility box (SOX-2). The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of thymol and menthol, two monoterpene compounds, on the SOX-2 expression and TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling in the liver and kidneys of mice after administering diethylnitrosamine (DEN).

The Balb/C male mice, aged 14 days, were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN (25 mg/kg) and then given daily either thymol (10 mg/kg) or menthol (50 mg/kg) for 26 consecutive weeks. The mRNA levels of TGF-β, SMAD3, and SOX-2 were measured after 4 and 26 weeks of treatment.

The administration of DEN increased the expressions of TGF-β, SMAD3, and SOX-2 in the liver of animals after 4 and 26 weeks; however, their expressions in the kidneys increased only at the end of the 26th week compared to that of the control group. Thymol and menthol inhibited the expression of TGF-β, SMAD3, and SOX-2 in the liver and kidneys of the mice injected with DEN.

Based on the study findings, we concluded that thymol and menthol prevented carcinogenesis induction via expression of DEN in the liver and kidneys by inhibiting the associated expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and SOX-2.

Handicrafts are one of the most important potentials in the field of cultural tourism. Tourism and handicrafts have a two-way relationship, and these two complementary sectors are also in economic prosperity. Nickel art-industry is one of the important cultural tourism attractions of Borujerd city Based on this, the purpose of this research is to analyze the factors and dimensions involved in the development of this industry. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical sample of the research was using random sampling method and Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size. Therefore, 270 people were selected. After collecting the data, they were analyzed using SPSS20 and LISREL software.The statistical findings indicate that the influence of independent variables (socio-cultural, echnological factors,support and government support) on the art-industry of Warsaw in the tourism development of Borujerd city is significant (p-value=0.001).The output of the structural equations showed that the socio-cultural variable with an impact factor of (0.75), government support with a figure of (0.68) and technological factors affecting the Warsaw industry with a figure of (0.65) in addition to the direct impact Indirectly and through influencing other variables . The results obtained from this research showed that the development of tourism based on art and industry in Warsaw requires the synergy of socio-cultural factors, the presence of official institutions and the investment of private sectors.

One of the concerns in wireless technologies is the transmission of data with low power loss and high speed, which is achieved through RF transmitters. The most important component of an RF transmitter is the power amplifier, which should have a wide bandwidth and high efficiency. Power amplifiers are used in microwave systems, millimeter-wave systems, telecommunications, radar, satellite communications, and medical imaging. Given the mentioned applications, power amplifiers have different parameters and characteristics. Some important parameters include efficiency, power-added efficiency, bandwidth, and linearity. In the presented Class J power amplifier in this article, impedance matching is used to reduce losses and improve the output power. Impedance mismatching leads to the generation of unwanted harmonics, increased power losses, and consequently reduced efficiency. A low-pass filter is designed and presented to remove unwanted harmonics at the output of the power amplifier and perform impedance matching. The notable features of the presented filter include small dimensions, wide cutoff bandwidth, and small transition bandwidth. Simulation results demonstrate that the power-added efficiency (PAE), drain efficiency, and power gain of the proposed Class J power amplifier are 69%, 88.5%, and 16.5 dB, respectively.

This study investigated the potential link between lower extremity alignment and Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries in elite male wrestlers. It was hypothesized that lower extremity alignment could predict ACL injury risk. Sixty male wrestlers, divided into injured (n=30) and non-injured (n=30) groups. Lower extremity alignment indices, including pelvic inclination, hip anteversion, quadriceps angle, knee hyperextension, tibial torsion, plantar arch index, and rear foot angle, were measured. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify predictor factors for ACL injuries. The results revealed that only the plantar arch index was a statistically significant predictor for non-contact ACL injuries in elite male wrestling athletes (P<0.05). Consequently, the findings suggest that focusing on distal variables of the knee may be crucial when designing ACL injury prevention programs.

Improving the vitality of a city can not only make people satisfied with the aspects of green ecology, economic development, cultural creativity and quality of life, but also helps to promote its sustainable development. Today, however, cities have rapidly undergone spatial changes under the pressures of modernity. These developments have caused social and economic imbalances. As the largest city in the country with diverse economic, social, physical and cultural functions, Tehran is experiencing complex problems, which has led to the reduction of its vitality. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the living conditions in the neighborhoods of Tehran. The data to measure the vitality were extracted from the statistical blocks of the statistics center, land use map of the city, and satellite images. To evaluate vitality, several main components including economy, demographics, tourism, quality of life, air quality, and nightlife were used as indicators. The results of the research showed that vitality in Tehran can be summarized into four main factors. The first factor with 19% of the total variance had the highest impact, and the fourth factor with 10% of the total variance had the least impact in the vitality category. In total, by combining the four factors of vitality in Tehran, the final map of vitality was produced. The combined vitality map showed that the central and northwestern parts of the city have good conditions in terms of urban vitality, but the southern and southeastern parts of the city are in unfavorable conditions in this regard. Also, the results indicated that, as one moves away from the central part of the city, the level of vitality gradually decreases.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of augmented reality content on students' cognitive load and academic achievement. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population was the students of educational sciences of Farhangian University who were selected by possible random sampling method of single-stage clusters of 126 people. Data collection tools were cognitive load questionnaire and academic achievement test, the validity of which was confirmed by experts and the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method 92% and the test by split–half method was 0.96. Mean, standard deviation, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data. The results showed that augmented reality content reduces cognitive load and increases academic achievement. Therefore, professors and students are recommended to use augmented reality content to accelerate, consolidate and deepen teaching and learning, because the design, production and application of augmented reality principles can make a great difference in teaching and learning.

The objective of the current investigation was to conduct a biomechanical analysis of human gait based on the Unsupervised machine learning – Artificial Intelligence approach. Twenty-eight junior active males participated in the study. Following the placement of the markers, the participants were asked to complete the gait task in a 10-meter gateway where the dominant leg contact was placed on the third step and non- non-dominant leg on the fourth step. The task was executed in two separate attempts, first by the preferred speed of the participants and second with a steady speed of 100BPM. The Hierarchical approach consisting of Nearest Neighbor and the utilization of Z score was employed to discern uniform gait biomechanical patterns of the entire participant according to the values of joint angles and joint moments in both conditions - preferred and steady speeds by SPSS software version 26 (p<0.05). Considering a combination of both kinematics and kinetics parameters, in preferred speed, the hip and knee in the vertical direction for both dominant and non-dominant limbs are classified in one cluster, but in a steady speed, the hip in mediolateral direction and knee in the vertical direction for both dominant and non-dominant limbs are presented in one cluster. The kinematic and kinetic variables are useful in gate clustering to categorize gait patterns. These variables can be subdivided into homogeneous subgroups for a more detailed understanding of human locomotion.

With the ever-increase in urbanization, the environment and its sustainability has become an essential issue in the urban domain. This article aims to identify and cluster drivers affecting the environmental development of Khorramabad city using a strategic-spatial approach. Data were collected through a documentary survey and analyzed in two parts. In the first, land use changes over 31 years were evaluated using geographic information system software ArcGIS 10.2 and ENVI. The second, the paper identified environmental development drivers using a survey method (questionnaire) in the form of targeted sampling, in which, 62 factors affecting the environmental future of Khorramabad city were collected in 5 general dimensions (economic, socio-cultural, institutional and managerial, environmental, and physical). These factors were then structurally analyzed in the form of a 62x62 meta-intersection matrix using MIC MAC software, and finally 10 key drivers with high impact were identified. The findings showed that improving the level of environmental sustainability of Khorramabad city and other cities depends on adopting a long-term strategy with a view on the principles of sustainable development and passing short-term considerations. In short, a suitable environmental development can be achieved with   the spatial-strategic and participation-oriented planning.

Artificial neural network helps humans in a wide range of activities, such as sports.

This paper aims to investigate the effect of artificial intelligence on decision-making related to human gait and sports biomechanics, using computer-based software, and to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence on individuals’ biomechanics during gait and sports performance.

This review was conducted in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines. Abstracts and citations were identified through a search based on Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Springer Link, Web of Science, and Scopus search engines from 1995 up to 2023 to obtain relevant literature about the impact of artificial intelligence on biomechanics. A total of 1000 articles were found related to biomechanical characteristics of gait and sport and 26 articles were directly pertinent to the subject.

The extent of the application of artificial intelligence in sports biomechanics in various fields. In addition, various variables in the fields of kinematics, kinetics, and the field of time can be investigated based on artificial intelligence. Conventional computational techniques are limited by the inability to process data in its raw form. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques can handle complex and high-dimensional data. 

The utilization of specialized systems and neural networks in gait analysis has shown great potential in sports performance analysis. Integrating AI into this field would be a significant advancement in sport biomechanics. Coaches and athletes can develop more precise training regimens with specialized performance prediction models.

Informal settlements are a symbol of instability in the economic, social and cultural systems of the urban community. The consequence of this instability is to increase the degree of vulnerability in various dimensions, including physical vulnerability. These areas have affected the quality of life of the citizens with their problems, and on the other hand, managing this part of the city is different and difficult compared to other urban areas. According to the importance of threats of informal settlements against environmental hazards, the purpose of this article is to study the effective factors of physical vulnerability and modeling in the Asad Abadi neighborhood of Khorramabad. The research method is analytical-descriptive. In terms of purpose, the research method is applied-developmental. For data analysis, multivariate regression model, support vector machine model (SVM-ԑ) and random forest (RF) algorithm were used. The research findings showed that Assad Abadi neighborhood is in poor condition according to all physical indicators. From the perspective of residents of Asad Abadi neighborhood, the public service index with a regression coefficient of 0.429 has the most effect on physical vulnerability. Based on the evaluation criteria, the sigmoidal kernel model of the vector machine gives better results than the other methods. This model correctly predicts the physical vulnerability of informal residential complexes to hazards in more than 60% of cases.

Aristotle’s Poetics has valuable information in various sections which needs to be interpreted owing to its particular structure. One of these sections is Aristotle’s judgment on the tragedians’ innovations. Thus, the interpretation of Aeschylus’ plays is particularly significant because he is the earliest of the three great tragic poets. Aristotle has attributed four innovations to Aeschylus: increasing the number of actors, decreasing the importance of chorus, attention to dialogue, and best-selecting the mythos. Although except the latter, the other are approximately close to each other, Aristotle has separated them into sections based on different perspectives. The main purpose of this research is to analyze to what extent Aeschylus’ plays are in line with Aristotle’s Poetics and to identify the flaws of the Aristotelian model. The method which is used in this article consists of perusing all Aeschylus’ survived works and Aristotle’s Poetics for identifying Aristotle’s direct analyses of him and analyzing the elements which have been mentioned above and reviewing their development based on the date of their composition. The results of the research show that among all four mentioned elements, Aristotle`s judgment on the mythos applies to the plays; but as for the other two elements, namely increasing the number of actors and decreasing the importance of chorus, there are several instances that refute the Aristotle’s arguments in Poetics regarding these plays. It seems one of the most eminent reasons for this contradiction is that in compiling Poetics all Aeschylus’ plays have not been analyzed and other great Greek poets have been taken into consideration.

Today, partially due to the current crisis and the high rate of youth unemployment, the labor market is increasingly returning to the issue of entrepreneurship education; Therefore, academic education is facing new challenges that include preparing students to enter the labor market. Although entrepreneurship education has been integrated into new university academic degrees as a result, it is not enough to strengthen entrepreneurship among students and there is a need to develop the level of entrepreneurship of students. Therefore, universities are one of the most important centers for teaching entrepreneurial skills and encouraging students towards entrepreneurial attitudes. This article has focused on the design of an effective entrepreneurial attitude model on the entrepreneurial intention of students with an emphasis on entrepreneurship education. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method. The qualitative research community consists of 10 university professors and experts. To analyze the qualitative data, the qualitative method of theme analysis and MAXQDA software were used. The qualitative findings of the research showed that the level of entrepreneurship was placed in 5 main themes and 15 strategic components were obtained in the field of entrepreneurship. The components are creativity with 3 components (idea generation ability, experience acquisition, knowledge acquisition), innovation with 4 components (absorption and development of new technologies, innovative manpower, market knowledge and analysis, competitiveness), self-esteem with 3 components (self-knowledge, self-belief, improving psychological characteristics), risk-taking with 3 components (uncertainty conditions, risk-taking strategic measures, financial support) and perceived behavior control with 2 components (perceived internal behavior control, perceived external behavior control) and is aimed at creating an entrepreneurial attitude in morale students. Risk taking should be emphasized in them. Finally, according to the conceptual model presented in this research, an Interpretive Structural Modelling was performed in the leveling of the components.

Spinal cord injury affects postural control by impairing the ascending and descending pathways of the spinal cord. Trunk control and the ability to maintain seated balance have particular importance for people with spinal cord injuries. To support the strategies implemented to improve trunk control and seated balance by experts in this field, it is necessary to use a valid and reliable tool to assess sitting balance. Therefore, this study aimed to classify and introduce the available tools in the assessment of sitting balance in people with spinal cord injuries.

Articles were searched with Persian and English keywords obtained from Mesh in MEDLINE (PubMed), Science Direct, and MAGIRAN databases in the period from 2016 to 2022. The selection process of articles was based on PRISMA.

A total of 183 articles were obtained after searching the databases. After screening and review, 12 articles were included in the main study. The variables were extracted for these 12 articles.

A review of the studies shows that sitting balance assessment tests are divided into 2 clinical and lab groups. Among the clinical tools, (SBM), trunk control test, Set of Assessment Tools, (SSEBT) and (FIST-SCI), and the lab tools (LOS), (SWS) and (IMU) seem to be suitable options for assessing sitting balance.

This study attempts to quantify the impact of various factors on the value-added distribution quantiles of 24 ISIC codes for industrial factories in Iran. It examines the impact of the variables human capital index, rental price index, R&D index, financing index, number of employees of industrial factories, number of industrial factories, and economic openness index on the value-added of Iran’s manufacturing industries from 2002 to 2019 using the panel quantile model. According to the findings of the study, the funding index has a greater impact on small- and medium-sized enterprises, but economic openness has a lesser impact on these companies. In addition, the rent index, human capital index, and R&D index have had the most significant impact on the value-added of larger enterprises. Based on these findings, the facilitation of the financing process, particularly for small and medium-sized businesses, has resulted in an increase in the value-added of these companies, and in light of the lesser effectiveness of these enterprises, as measured by the economic openness index, against sanctions and currency shocks, it increases the economy’s resilience to a certain amount.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and maintenance of core stability exercises on electromyography activity in patients with multiple sclerosis. 24 patients with multiple sclerosis were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The amount of muscle activity were assessed using electromyography during the descent from the platform in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The experimental group performed the core exercises three times a week for eight weeks. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated and independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that core stability exercises led to a significant decrease in muscle activity from pre-test to post-test (p ≤0.05) but there was no significant difference between post-test and follow-up. The results also showed that a significant difference was observed in muscle activity between the experimental and control groups in the post-test and follow-up (p ≤0.05), while no significant difference was reported in muscle activity in the pre-test. In addition, no significant difference was observed for the control group in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. According to research findings, core stability exercises can be a factor in reducing muscle activity while descending stairs in patients with multiple sclerosis. In this way, relevant specialists can use these exercises as a supplement to drug treatments for these patients.

Sitting balance is essential for functional daily activities with certain significance for patients with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Assessment of sitting balance determines the individual's ability to control posture. Independence in daily activities requires appropriate stability in all movement plates. However, no testing protocol or tools have been developed to quantify sitting balance in all reaching directions. Thus, this study aimed to develop a comprehensive sitting balance test and determine the reliability, and validity of the Sitting Star Excursion Balance Test (SSEBT) for this population. 101 patients with chronic SCI participated voluntarily. To examine the reliability and validity of SSEBT, Pearson's correlation coefficient and the interclass correlation coefficient were used at a significant level of p <0.01. The SSEBT was highly correlated with the Modified Functional Test (r = 0.84), indicating the concurrent validity between the two tests. The inter Intra-class Correlation Coefficient was above 0.90, also the Inter-Class Correlation Coefficient for SSEBT was higher than 0.90. The results of this study revealed that SSEBT has good validity and reliability to measure the sitting balance in patients with spinal cord injuries. Therefore, this novel test is recommended for the measurement of sitting balance in this population.Keywords: Sitting Balance, Spinal Cord Injury, Postural Stability, Psychometric

Training loads are important for improving performance and injury prevention. So the present study aimed to monitor training loads and investigate the prediction of non-contact injuries by parameters related to internal and external loads in a Premier League team during a season. 23 players of the Foulad Mobarakeh Sepahan soccer team participated in the study. The training load was measured using GPS and Borg’s questionnaire. The parameters of acute load, chronic load, internal load, acute to chronic load ratio, monotony, strain, and the number of non-contact injuries were calculated. Spearman and Pearson’s statistical tests were used to examine the relationship between variables. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate the predictability of injury through load-related parameters. The results showed that acute load, monotony, and strain were directly and moderately related to non-contact injuries. However, these parameters could not predict non-contact injuries in soccer players. It seems that paying attention to these parameters can help coaches to reduce soccer non-contact injury. However, more data is needed in this regard..

The rapid growth of population in the world, especially in developing countries, has led to many problems. Issues that, more than anything else, have led to the physical expansion of cities, the decline in the quality of the urban environment, and instability.in 2012, UN-Habitat a new approach to urban development. A holistic and integrated approach to promote welfare and play a public role. This new approach helps cities better manage the city's future in the economic, political, social and environmental spheres. This approach, called urban prosperity,A prosperous city is one that provides productivity, infrastructure, quality of life, social inclusion, and environmental sustainability.On the other hand, in many cities, the degree of social stability of citizens and urban areas depends on the indicators of urban prosperity prevailing in those areas.A sustainable city achieves a dynamic balance between economic, environmental and socio-cultural components.Accordingly, in this study, urban prosperity and social sustainability as well as the effect of urban prosperity on social sustainability in Khorramabad are investigated.

The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in terms of purpose. Research data were collected in two ways: documentary and field.The statistical population of the study is the residents of Khorramabad, which was selected as a sample size using Cochran's formula of 364 people by simple random method.Questionnaires were designed according to the number of population among the residents of 24 districts of Khorramabad.Multivariate t-test was used to measure the variables of urban prosperity and social sustainability and multivariate regression test was used to evaluate the effect of urban prosperity indicators on social sustainability in Khorramabad.

The results showed that the indicators of prosperity in the city of Khorramabad are moderate. The value of the test in the research variables is 3 and the average of the infrastructure and environmental sustainability index variable according to Table 3 is more than 3. In this regard, the average index of productivity, quality of life and social inclusion is less than 3. Therefore, according to the significance level, which is less than 0.05, it can be said that the situation of urban prosperity in terms of infrastructure and environmental sustainability indicators is moderately to high. In terms of productivity, inclusion and social inclusion, the status of urban prosperity is evaluated downwards and the mean of the quality of life index variable is less than 3 because the lower limit is negative and the upper limit is positive, so the average value obtained by the test is (3). And there is no significant difference between them. Therefore, it can be said that the situation of quality of life index in Khorramabad is evaluated as moderate.On the other hand, the results of measuring urban sustainability indicators were also evaluated at an average level. Given that the value of the test in the research variables is 3 and the average of the social stability index variable is dependence coefficient, social interaction, social capital status, honesty in social behaviors and participation in local activities according to Table 4, so It can be said that the social stability of these indicators in the city of Khorramabad is assessed as above average. In this regard, the average of the variables of responsibility and civil or institutional trust according to the table is less than 3 because the lower limit is negative and the upper limit is positive, so the average value obtained by the test is equal to (3) and there is no significant difference between them. Therefore, these variables are evaluated as average. Also, the variables of satisfaction with the level of access to services, sense of belonging, interpersonal trust, hours of volunteering, transparency, insurance, social justice and education and research according to the table are less than 3 because the lower and upper limits are both negative. And the significance level is less than 0.05, so the mean obtained is less than the value of test (3) and there is no significant difference between them. Therefore, the status of social stability of these variables in the city of Khorramabad has a low status.On the other hand, the spatial distribution of urban prosperity scores and social stability at the district level indicates the correlation (r = 0.873) between these two concepts. In other words, the areas that had a higher or lower than average score in terms of prosperity, mainly in the field of social sustainability, had the same procedure. Also, based on the results of linear regression, productivity indices with 0.383, quality of life with 0.352, infrastructure 0.297, environmental sustainability 0.204, and social inclusion with 0.186, respectively, have had the greatest effect on social sustainability.

The results of the tests show that the concept of urban prosperity, which has been mentioned by the international community, has a challenge in the city of Khorramabad. This challenge arises from at least two cases;1. Low level of score of some indicators from the middle level such as productivity and inclusion and social inclusion;2. Imbalance and harmony between the dimensions (wheel blades) of prosperity. The results showed that the indicators of prosperity in the city of Khorramabad are moderate. On the other hand, the results of measuring urban sustainability indicators were also evaluated at an average level. However, changes in the indicators measured at the area level are tangible. On the other hand, the spatial distribution of urban prosperity scores and social stability at the district level indicates the correlation (r = 0.873) between these two concepts. As in the case of areas with higher or lower than average scores in terms of prosperity, mainly in the field of social sustainability have had the same procedure. Also, based on the results of linear regression, productivity indices with 0.383, quality of life with 0.352, infrastructure 0.297, environmental sustainability 0.204, and social inclusion with 0.186 had the most effect on social sustainability, respectively.

Although the phenomenon of aging cannot be stopped, the disorders and disabilities of this period can be prevented or postponed through proper planning and the use of methods and principled cares. Therefore, this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness, balance and combined exercises (balance-mindfulness) on the balance and fear of falling in the elderly. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all the elderly living in Mashhad, Iran with balance problem or fear of falling. Participants included 48 elderly women (60 to 79 years old) who were randomly assigned into four groups of 12 people. In order to collect data, the international falling efficiency questionnaire and Berg’s balance test were used. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the data in SPSS-20 and Excel 2013 software. The findings revealed that compared to control group, all three training methods of mindfulness, balance, and the combination of mindfulness-balance had a significant effect on balance performance and fear of falling in the elderly women, as such, increased the balance and reduced the fear of falling. Besides, the findings indicated that there is a significant difference between the mindfulness, balance and combined methods in terms of their effectiveness on balance performance and fear of falling in the elderly women. In this sense, the combined exercise, mindfulness and balance methods had a greater effect on improving balance and reducing the fear of falling, respectively. Therefore, in order to improve the level of motor (balance) and psychological (fear of falling) indicators affecting the performance of the elderly women, it is recommended to use a combination of balance exercises and mindfulness, considering the characteristics of exercise.

It has been illustrated that relaxin hormone in association with estrogen may induce changes in functional body systems following menopausal stage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between relaxin levels and musculoskeletal injuries in young and menopausal trained women. The present study used descriptive analytical method via retrospective manner. This study involved two determined groups included menopausal trained women (n=13, aged 45-60 years) and young trained women (n=8, aged 18-30 years) that were chose following public recall based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, study measurements regarding blood samples, training level, training history, menopause stage, injuries and musculoskeletal impairments were done. Finally, Stata v12 statistical software was used for data analysis at (p < 0.05). Our results illustrated that relaxin level in menopausal trained women significantly was lower than young trained women (p = 0.003, t19=3.46). Also, our results presented that there was no statistically significant relationship between relaxin and musculoskeletal injuries (p>0.05). Regarding postmenopausal hormone changes, it has been shown that relaxin hormone in relation with estrogen hormone can induce alterations in functions body systems.

According to the opinion of Aristotle, mythos or tragic plot has some aspects analyzed and compared with utilizing documents on an analytical-descriptive method based on the elements through the tale of Jamshid and the play of Oedipus Tyrannus. The most important results including: the three aspects of the mythos of tale – transformation and recognition and catastrophe – are in descriptive category shaped with the morality of protagonist and in the case of the play it should be shown in two types of mixed – on transformation and recognition – and grievous – on catastrophe –. The complexity of mythos that is established of solidarity and its relation to transformation and recognition, indicates the tale in a simple mythos – because of rupture of actions and absence of recognition – and the play in compound one – on solidarity with continuity of dependent actions and transformation and recognition –. The tale is not regarded in a complete mythos; because of its affiliation to the out; but the play conversely is embedded in complete one. Referring the tale to an epic, which is narrated, prohibits to show it as the play which based on visual actions. Both of two works have the surprising conditions of mythos; hence everything has two sides of reasonability and unpredictability. The end of both composed in the way dedicated from their own. The referential myths are about the upper class human being and it is obviously shown the next imitative ones were patterned on them.

We reported a case of corneal perforation due to longstanding exposure keratopathy treated successfully with lamellar corneal patch graft, conjunctival flap, and lateral tarsorrhaphy. A 75-year-old male presented with ocular pain and decreased visual acuity in his right eye since 2 weeks ago. On external examination, lagophthalmos in the right eye was evident. Visual acuity was hand motion on slit-lamp examination. 2×3 mm perforated area in the right cornea accompanied by adjacent corneal melting and diffuse punctate epithelial keratopathy were observed. The anterior chamber was flat. Intraoperatively, a 7×2.5 mm-diameter corneal patch graft was fashioned manually; its thickness was reduced and placed over the perforated area, successfully sealed the cornea, a partial bipedicle conjunctival flap was also applied over the graft, and lateral tarsorrhaphy was performed. Four weeks after surgery, Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA) improved to Counting Finger (CF) 20 cm. The lamellar corneal patch graft was intact without a leak, and the conjunctival flap was partially removed retracted. Corneal perforation can occur in patients with severe exposure to keratopathy, and corneal patch graft is a good option when a sizeable corneal perforation (≥3 mm diameter) is not amenable to corneal gluing.

Therefore, according to this issue, the present study seeks to analyze and evaluate the role of Khorramabad as a regional economic and demographic core in the sustainable development of the surrounding villages using structural analysis and scenario-based approach. The sample was selected from 30 experts and researchers in the field (15 experts in the field of urban issues and 15 experts in the field of rural issues). MICMAC software was used to analyze the data, and Morphol software was used to formulate the scenarios. Out of five thousand scenarios with validity, ten scenarios with high inertia were selected. Among these ten scenarios, two scenarios with the highest probability of occurrence and a high frequency of 90% were analyzed. Finally, the results showed that the city of Khorramabad could not have a significant impact on the sustainable development of the surrounding villages in the current and future situation (based on scenarios). The number of critical scenarios with frequency 8 equals the optimal scenario with frequency 8. Weakness in health care, lack of proper planning for tourism capacity utilization, lack of funds and validities, infrastructureto implement rural development plan programs due to lack of funding are evident in the lack of sustainable development of these villages in the scenarios. It is clear, however, that if the city of Khoramabad has a positive growth as an economic and demographic center of the region in terms of sustainable development indicators, it will have an impact on the sustainable development of these villages.