hasan rahimi

Dyslexia is a Specific learning difficulty that could lead to academic and learning problems in students and has a very high prevalence in schools. the Aim of this study was to investigate the Effectiveness of educational intervention based on multiple learning systems on improving working memory and attention in Students with Reading difficulties.

This research has been quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest outline with a control group. Statical community of this study includes all dyslexic students of elementary school in Maragheh that 30 of them were selected by using available sampling through random sampling were located in two test and control groups. For each group, first, the pretest WISC-R test (5th version) and also the Reading and Dyslexia Test (Nema) (Karami & et al, 2009) attention test (Stroop) was performed. then, the intervention program based on learning systems was implemented on test group for 14 sessions (each session, 45 minutes. the data were analyzed using covariance analysis method.

According to the findings of the research, there was a significant statistical difference between the two groups of subjects in terms of working memory and the number of errors and reaction time in attention, and the number of errors in the experimental group was less than that of the control group, and the reaction time of the experimental group was less than that of the control group.

According to the statistical difference between the performance of the two groups of subjects, it can be concluded that the educational intervention based on learning systems is effective on working memory and attention and improves the performance of working memory and attention of students with reading difficulties. Therefore, it is suggested that teachers of special learning problems use these types of programs to improve the reading difficulty of their students.

When Islam emerged, it faced a world in which slavery was a fundamental institution in society. This study seeks to extract the approach and interaction of Islam to the issue of slavery from trustworthy texts that have the highest degree of authority. And with this motive, she tries to study this issue in the Qur'an. The findings of the article show that the Qur'an has a negative view of the slavery system and has come up with a unique way to overthrow it. On the one hand, it has tried to liberate slaves from within and instill in them confidence and dignity, and on the other hand, it has painted a vision of "freedom" for slaves. The Qur'an has acted gradually to achieve the goal of freeing slaves. The Qur'an obliges slaveholders to free slaves if conditions allow, and on the other hand, issues moral instructions for better interaction with slaves. Finally, the Qur'an has tried to gradually eliminate the conditions that lead to slavery.

This study aims to examine the role of culture in the realization of resistance economy with an emphasis on National Media (IRIB). The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of method; and in terms of the data collection method, it is a survey. The statistical population of the present research consists of all over-18 citizens in Tehran in 2021. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was applied and the sample includes 384 persons. The sampling method is, also, multi-stage cluster. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the variables. The data was analyzed with Lisrel software and structural equations were applied to analyze the hypotheses. The findings of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of culture (internal culture, symbolic culture, institutional culture, and crystallized culture) and the realization of the resistance economy, emphasizing the role of the National Media (IRIB). Also, there is a significant direct relationship between internalized culture, symbolic culture, institutional culture, crystallized culture and the realization of resistance economy.

One of the important foundations in the teaching and learning process is the educational interactions that provide the basis for improving education, academic silence is a psychological phenomenon that prevents the interaction and active participation of students in the classroom. Therefore, it leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of teaching in educational environments. The aim of the current research is to know the factors affecting the academic silence of high school students in educational environments. The method of the current research is content analysis, the study population of this research was all those involved in education and stakeholders in the secondary school of Zahedan city. Participants in the research were selected through purposeful criterion-based sampling and the data collection process continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Participants in the research included 15 middle school teachers and 9 students. The data collection tool in this research is a semi-structured interview. Data collection was done using Max Kyuda software. The theme analysis approach in this research was the theme network approach. In order to check the reliability and originality, the criteria of Goba and Lincoln (1980) method were used. The analysis of the results shows four main dimensions affecting students' silence in the classroom, including individual factors, educational factors, structural factors, and cultural factors. According to the results, it can be concluded that students' academic silence depends on various factors that need attention.

Educational organizations of our country, especially schools, in order to deal with the many issues and problems they face in today's changing conditions are in urging need of principals and teachers who are creative and up-to-date and show this creativity in their job performance. Considering the importance and necessity of the creative performance of teachers and principals, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between digital leadership and creative performance through psychological empowerment of teachers.
The research method was quantitative, descriptive and correlational. Thirty hundred and ten teachers were selected from 1,610 elementary school teachers in the 5th district of Tehran, Iran by simple random sampling based on Cochran's formula in 2023-2024 academic year. The participants completed the Digital Leadership Questionnaire (Ulutas & Arsalan, 2017), the Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (Spreitzer, 1995) and the Creative Performance Questionnaire (Oldham & Cummings, 1996).
Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling by SPSS and LISREL softwares. The results indicated that digital leadership had a direct, positive and significant effect on the creative performance and psychological empowerment, psychological empowerment had a direct, positive and significant effect on teachers' creative performance, and digital leadership had an indirect, positive and significant effect on the creative performance through the psychological empowerment.
Finally, in order to respond appropriately to the innovative changes and advances of the digital-oriented environment, educational organizations and schools should use the digital leadership style to eliminate teachers’ stress about possible mistakes in expressing ideas and new opinions, and thus increase the creative performance of teachers.

Examining the content of textbooks and their objectives based on the general policies of education in the fundamental transformation document poses challenges. Therefore, this research was designed to investigate the attention paid to the six-dimensional framework in Arabic textbooks for middle school as a basis for the implementation of the concepts of the fundamental transformation document.

The research method is descriptive and qualitative-quantitative in terms of content analysis. The study population includes Arabic textbooks for first middle school and The data collection tool is a content analysis checklist. The data obtained for each lesson were analyzed through the Shannon entropy in three stages.

The results showed that the six-dimensional framework was considered 1361 times overall. The lowest frequency, amount of information and importance coefficient were allocated to the political and social dimension. Based on the findings, balanced attention has not been paid to the six-dimensional framework in Arabic textbooks for middle school.

In order to make the six areas of the transformation document more accurate in the textbooks, in the following editions of the Arabic textbooks of the first secondary school , more attention should be paid to the balanced frequency of the six areas.

The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on improving behavioral and neuropsychological symptoms in children with specific learning disorders. The research method was quasi-experimental. The study population comprised all children aged 7 to 12 years with specific learning disorders attending a private psychotherapy center in Tehran during 2022. From this group, 20 individuals were selected as the statistical sample using convenient random sampling, with 10 placed in the experimental group and 10 in the control group. Research tools included an electrical stimulation program for improving behavioral and neuropsychological symptoms in children with specific learning disorders, the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90R), and the Conners' Neuropsychological Questionnaire (2004). Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS software and mixed analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The findings showed significant differences between the behavioral symptom scores and neuropsychological signs of the experimental and control groups in the pre-test and post-test phases. The results indicated that electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex had a significant effect on reducing both behavioral symptoms and neuropsychological signs in the experimental group. The effectiveness of this intervention was also sustained in the follow-up phase according to the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can be used to reduce behavioral symptoms and neuropsychological signs in students with specific learning disorders. Therefore, it is suggested that this method be used in child and adolescent counseling centers and rehabilitation facilities.

This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of child-centered cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) and mother-child attachment therapy on the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder.

In terms of the purpose of the present research, it was a quasi-experiment with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental groups and a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included all children aged 10 to 12 years who referred to a counseling center in the 8th district of Tehran in 2022, 30 people were randomly selected in two experimental groups (10 people each) and one group Control (10 people) were assigned. The research tools include the Children’s Symptoms Inventory (CSI-4), child-centered cognitive behavioral therapy protocol based on Kendall & Hedtke's coping cat program (2006) and mother-child attachment-based therapy (MCAT) protocol derived from Purnell (2004) and King & Newham (2008).

The findings indicate that both treatments were effective on oppositional defiant disorder. The efficacy of both was stable in the follow-up phase according to the Bonferroni post hoc test. The results of data analysis show that there is no significant difference between their effectiveness and both are equally effective (p<0.05).

It can be concluded that MCAT and CCBT were effective in the treatment of children's oppositional defiant disorder. Therefore, it is suggested that specialists use these two approaches in therapy.

Externalized behavioral problems in children present numerous challenges and difficulties for their parents and caregivers. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Home-School Collaboration Intervention on maternal self-efficacy and parental stress in children with externalized behavioral problems. The research design employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The target population consisted of all mothers of 8-10-year-old children with externalized behavioral problems in Isfahan city in the year 2021. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a sample of 30 participants was selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental group (15 participants) and control group (15 participants). The Home-School Collaboration Intervention was implemented in eight 150-minute sessions for the experimental group. The research instruments consisted of the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001), Parental Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Dumka, 1996), and Parental Stress Scale (Abidin, 1995). The results of repeated measures ANOVA analysis showed a significant increase in maternal self-efficacy (F = 10.30, p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in parental stress (F= 23.51, p < 0.001) in the experimental group, indicating the effectiveness of the Home-School Collaboration Intervention. These effects were maintained in the follow-up stage. Based on the research findings, the Home-School Collaboration Intervention can be considered an effective intervention for mothers of children with externalized behavioral problems.

The objective of this study was to explore and identify effective differentiated instruction (DI) strategies for students with learning disabilities in mainstream educational settings. This qualitative research involved semi-structured interviews with 21 participants, including general education teachers, special education teachers, and educational administrators from an urban school district. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, ensuring a diverse representation of educators with extensive experience in teaching students with learning disabilities. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns and themes related to DI strategies, perceived effectiveness, implementation challenges, and support mechanisms. The study identified several key DI strategies, including differentiated content, process, product, and environment, along with the integration of technology. These strategies were reported to enhance student engagement, academic achievement, and social-emotional development. However, significant challenges such as time constraints, limited resources, and the need for professional development were highlighted. Support mechanisms, including professional development opportunities, collaborative practices, administrative backing, community resources, parental engagement, and technological support, were identified as crucial for successful DI implementation. Differentiated instruction is an effective approach to addressing the diverse needs of students with learning disabilities, promoting inclusivity and improving educational outcomes. Despite its benefits, the successful implementation of DI requires addressing substantial challenges through targeted support mechanisms. Future research should focus on expanding the sample size, exploring long-term impacts, and investigating the role of technology in DI. Practical recommendations include enhancing professional development, fostering collaboration, securing administrative support, engaging community resources, and increasing parental involvement.

Many analyzes of institutional issues are devoted to economic and political analyzes, and less attention has been paid to the role of cultural components and social movements by institutionalists. Today, however, cultural and social phenomena have a significant impact on international relations. The Arba'een Pilgrimage is also a phenomenon that can be studied in this regard. Accordingly, the analysis of why and how institutional elements affect the consistency of a regional order is of great importance.

In methodology, the statistical population and research indicators will be studied using quantitative methods. This article is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose and methodical in terms of method and field survey in terms of data collection.

Based on this, the question that arises is that the institutional components of the Arba'een Pilgrimage have been able to play an important role in the Shiite geoculture by influencing the consistency and reshaping of the regional order in the framework of the Shiite geoculture.

Institutionalization at three levels of transnational (focusing on cultural pluralism), transnational (focusing on international integration) and national (focusing on the role of government) has led to the consolidation of the Shiite geocultural order at the regional level.

The development of teachers' profession as a continuous activity depends more than anything on the active and spontaneous presence of the teacher. Farhangian University, which has made the training of reflective teachers its most fundamental goal, has paid much attention to reflection, tools and methods of cultivating it by fundamentally revising the internship program. Therefore, the purpose of the present qualitative research was to "analyze the Lesson Study with a reflective teacher training approach in the curriculum of Farhangian University and present its conceptual model." Therefore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 teacherstudents and 15 professors of Farhangian University. The transcripts of the interviews were encoded in MAX.QDA 2010 software and analyzed by the method proposed by Krippendorff (2013).Analysis findings during three stages of open, axial and selective coding in the form of a conceptual model, focusing on the main category of "research with a thought-provoking approach", causal conditions (curriculum logic and its components), contextual conditions (university, Ministry of Education and affiliated departments, Schools, mediated conditions (individual characteristics of teachers, mentors and student teachers, social and organizational factors), strategies (comprehensive and comprehensive planning of the university and the Ministry of Education) and outcomes (professional growth). Lesson Study, as one of the specialized and mandatory courses of Farhangian University curriculum, are important for the growth of the student-teacher profession from the two aspects of "teamwork training" and "training and practice to solve classroom progress problems". These results are obtained if the extent of the optimal performance of the research course has always been investigated so that the study of its consequences can be a way for more curriculum planners to train the teacher of thought. The present findings can be used as a conceptual framework for designing and formulating appropriate training conditions for thought-provoking teachers based on the study cycle.

In contemporary history, how religion and politics are related between Islamic thinkers has been discussed. Ali Abd al-Raziq al-Masri and Imam Khomeini are among the most important religious scholars who have dealt with religion and politics as the most fundamental subject of political thought in Islam and have reached two different conclusions. The purpose of this article is to examine the political thought of these two Muslim thinkers about the possibility and impossibility of an Islamic government.

This research has been done comparatively with documentary and library tools and after collecting data, the text analysis method has been used.

The findings of the article show that Ali Abd al-Raziq and Imam Khomeini (RA) as two influential religious scholars in the Islamic world about the possibility and refusal of religious rule have entered into this issue from two different bases. Imam Khomeini (ra) with a comprehensive and monotheistic ontological view and inspired by the principles of Shiite Imamate emphasizes the need for Islamic rule, while Abdul Raziq, influenced by the school of secularism, achieves the separation of religion and politics.

It can be said that Abd al-Raziq al-Masri, from the position of an Islamic scholar, tries to provide reasons for his claims from religious sources in order to be acceptable to Islamic societies. But in fact, his view is extra-religious and from the position of secularism

Occurrence of Islamic revolution in Iran, based on historical experiences such as constitutionalist and oil nationalization movements, created some new concepts within revolutionary discourse. Hence, with regarding dual interpretations of some concepts such as “nationalism” in the frame work of revolution, understanding the relation between these revolutionary concepts, which is identified in contrast with western modernism, could be seen as a duty of Revolution studies. Therefore, study of relationship between these two issues is useful. The main question is, with the special and new interpretation of “Nationalism”, what transformation for meaning of this western –oriented concept would be imaginable? I.R.I behavioral elements in some political &social events and changes; and supreme documents such as:The Constitutional Law, ‎20-Year Perspective Document and National Identity Document; and the approach to Persian Language, indicates a kind of fruitful incorporation of Iran-ism and Islamism, as two main sources of identity-making, on the way of revolutionary goals and survival of I.R.I. Theoretical framework of this writing is Om Al Qura theory which is an attempt for presentation of a new understanding of “Nationalism” in the frame work of I.R without any contradiction with basic ideals of Revolution. The research method is of library & documentary method and tries to, with gathering some historical and library documents, decode from new Nationalism in the view of thought and idea of Islamic Revolution.

War exists with human beings and merged with human lif. Throughout history, there have been many schools of thought that have tried to eliminate war or to curtail it. Some schools praised the war. Islam can not be indifferent to this important issue as a religion which is a comprehensive and complete plan for humanitarian life. The question of this article is: What is the purpose of Islam from war? and What is the purpose of other religions in the war. It seems that the difference between the view of Islam and other schools and religions is more in the purpose of the war. To measure this hypothesis, we try to compare the purpose of the war in Islam with other religions. Our research method will be a comparative method. The findings of the article are that Islam and other religions do not coincide in the ultimate goal of the war. Therefore, the difference in purpose also has different functions in how to fight. Key words: war, Islam, necessity of war, originality of war, Christianity, liberalism

One of the branches of international law,is humanitarian law. The purpose of humanitarian law protecting civilians and prisoners of war and respect for the bodies of those killed in the Civil War and international. One of the basic principles of humanitarian law, non-discrimination, the principle of separation, the principle of limitation that must during the war, the belligerent parties should be respected. Shortly after the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iraq's eight-year war against Iran was facing. Humanitarian law in the ideas of Imam Khomeini (RA) What is the position? That is the question paper. This question is particularly important that Imam Khomeini was the ideologue and commander of Iranian society after the revolution architectures. He was the commander of the Iranian armed forces during the eight-year war. Our hypothesis is that humanitarian law in the political thought of Imam Khomeini is very important It is rooted in the principles of Islam. Imam Khomeini during his political life strictly to the principles of humanitarian law, and especially emphasized during the eight-year war. The research method is descriptive comparison is done by studying documents library. The main finding of this paper is that the idea of Islamic Revolution Leader humanitarian law independently of Western humanitarian law, there was practically applied in eight years of war.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the leading cause of hip replacement in young children. However, arthroplasty in this population is challenging with several concerns about quality of the growing bone, young age for revision surgery, and difficulties in potential several revisions. In this study we introduce a case of a 12-year old who is one of the youngest patients to undergo revision hip arthroplasty. The index operation was done as a hybrid replacement, cemented for stem and press fit for acetabular component. Two years later revision was done with severe femoral deficiency. This second procedure was challenging but with short-term promising results. So we reviewed the literature for arthroplasty in this young population regarding recent findings and trends. According to the literature survival of the prosthesis is longer with a cemented acetabular component and press fit stem; however, there are evidences that show poor outcome of joint replacement after the first revision in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients.

There is still controversy regarding the best technique for ankle arthrodesis to acheive stable rigid fixation along with reconstructing a functional plantigrade foot. Moreover, existing techniques have complictions related to stability, soft tissue covering, fusion rate, and exposure. With the anterior approach exactly on the tibialis anterior sheath, the joint was exposed and previous hardware, if any, was removed and with the safe direct approach, the ankle, hindfoot, and indirectly the subtalar joints were accessed. Then fresh cancellous bone was obtained and complete denudation was preformed. Lastly, a narrow 4.5 millimeter plate was carefully placed on what was determined to be the best final position.In this prospective study, 12 patients with severe ankle pain and arthritis enrolled from February 2010 to January 2012. Eight of them had posttraumatic arthritis and deformity with hardware, two had rheumatoid arthritis, one had poliomyelitis with severe deformity of the foot and knee, and another had chronic ulcerative ynovitis of the ankle joint. The patients were assessed clinically and radiographically for an average of two years (range: 13 months to 4 years) for functional recovery, range of motion, stability of the ankle, and imaging evidence of union. Ankle deformities and pain in all 12 cases were corrected. With a short healing time and rapid recovery period, after six weeks all of the patients could walk independently. Also, scores of the Manchester–Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) improved significantly from 69 preoperatively to 33 postoperatively). Anterior ankle arthrodesis with molded plating can be an easy and safe way to manage deformities and it has excellent fusion rate and sufficient rigid fixation.

Context and The new generation of international courts which are called dual courts, including internal international judges who exert national and international rights at the same time. The current paper tries to answer to 2 substantial questions: 1.Which place do dual courts stand in the international penal system and which classification could they have? 2.What characteristics dual courts do have? This paper uses documentary research and library references. Determining the sense, explanation, position and divisions of dual courts are the main findings of this paper, next, the main characteristics of these kinds of courts have been surveyed. The findings of the research show that the new generation of dual courts consists of international courts and pretty extensive ranges of internal courts will be changed to international courts to form internal international courts. Discovering different dimensions of dual courts needs obvious classification. These courts have many hyper specifics than compound courts formed from internal and international sections. So that flexibility and standardization of internal laws, of among most important characteristics of these new generation of international courts.

Iranian Islamic revolution is in many ways different from current and experienced theories about revolutions and the way they happen. It is also different from theories andideologies governing revolutions like the kind of leadership and common approaches of government in the field of science, politics and government forms. One of the theoriesbrought up in recent decades about the governments in third world countries is that these governments are Rentier governments. Explaining the concept of Rentier government, this article investigates its applicapiblity to Islamic republic of Irans system and proves that although there are some similarities between Islamic republic of Iran and Rentier governments, it is an exception and can be completely considered as a Rentier government.

Femoral shaft fractures are major causes of mortality and morbidity and are managed with intramedullary nailing (IMN). In this study we compared the results of open and closed nailing in femoral shaft fractures. Between 1993 and 2001 we managed 136 femoral shaft fractures by IMN (81 closed and 55 open nailings) in 120 patients with mean age of 36.2 years. The mean time of follow up was two years. Radiologic and clinical results were analyzed with SPSS software using student-t and Fisher test. 93.2% healed within six months. 2.9% required dynamization; total union rate was 96%. Full weight bearing was permitted between 5-16 weeks (mean of 10.62 weeks) in the closed method, and 10-20 weeks (mean of 12.83 weeks) in the open method (P<0.001). Complications included 4.41% nonunions, 2.9% shortening, 10.8% limited range of movement, 1.47% deep infection, and 6.6% malunion. Nonunion was observed in 2 cases in closed and in 4 patients in open method (P = 0.039). Closed series showed higher rate of malunion (P = 0.181, P = 0.221). In closed method attention should be paid to malalignment while locking the nail.