hasan sahraei

With the development of nanotechnology and materials science, however, these materials also have been used increasingly with the potential toxic effects of many unknown substances and many nano-particles were built with new properties and new despite. Therefore, in this study the effects of feeding with different sources of iron and zinc in the tissue of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were measured.

For this purpose, 420 common carp (with an average initial weight 45±4.7 g) was prepared, the fish sterilization and adapted to the laboratory conditions for 10 days. Then fish were randomly divided into seven groups, the first group was considered as control groups respectively and other fish received values ​​of 10, 50 and 100 micrograms of iron and zinc nano-particles per gram of food for 60 days.

Microscopic studies of organs (liver, kidney) study showed that increasing the concentration of nano-materials could have more evenly histopathological lesions in the liver tissue and cells. In the medium and low concentrations of both nano-particle and in high doses of iron nano-particles, by removing the inducer tissues could again resume their physiological activity, but in high doses, unlike the iron nano-particles, the repair tissue was not resumable.

 From the above results it can be concluded that increasing the concentration of the nano-particles could increase tissue damage and can be considerable factors.

Coastal ecosystems are very dynamic and their changes occur relatively quickly due to the collision of two dynamic environments of land and sea. Gorgan Bay and Gomishan Wetland are unique ecosystems in the south-eastern part of the Caspian Sea. In this study periodic changes in the ecosystems of Gomishan Wetland and Gorgan Bay were evaluated over a period of 40 years using Landsat satellite imagery from 1978-2018. MSS, TM and OLI imagery along with NDWI index were used. The results show that the fluctuations in both ecosystems were consistent and the coastline changes were greater in the near-land areas. Based on the results, the highest area of ​​water in both ecosystems was obtained in 1997 (210.43 and 528.97 km2 for Gomishan Wetland and Gorgan Bay, respectively). These ecosystems also exhibited the lowest water area in 1978. In general, it can be conclude that remote sensing was an efficient tool in monitoring and managing coastal ecosystems.

Length-weight relationship (LWR) was estimated for 86 caught black pomfret by trawl net in Qeshm Island located in the Persian Gulf in in March 2017. The total length and total weight of the fish ranged from 15.8 to 56.2 cm and 69 to 3128 g, respectively. The mean total length and total weight were 25.08 ± 0.76 cm and 358.93 ± 52.22 g, respectively. LWR for black pomfret was W = 0.0267L2.875 (R2 = 0.975). The results obtained can be valuable for improvement of the technical performances related to fisheries management in the future.

Due to the increasing use of nanoparticles in human activities, as well as its role in reducing the adverse effects of heavy metals on living organisms, at this study the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of copper nanoparticles were discussed on growth factors and biochemical composition carcass of common carp.

82 carp with an average weight of 42 ± 2 g was prepared and after adaptation for the laboratory condition, were exposed at 42 days at three treatments (10, 40, 80 ppm) and three replicates respectively, also a control group were prepared with three replications under the affect of sub-lethal concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles.

Analysis of growth indices showed that all growth indices had significantly different (P<0/05) with metal treatments in compared to the control group. So the control group had the highest average body weight, percent of body weight, SGR rate, and feed conversion efficiency with averaging 2.93. The lowest specific growth rate and the highest rate of conversion were related to the treatment number three (80 ppm), respectively. The amount of ash, fat, protein and maximum moisture was observed at the control group. The highest percentage of protein and fat was at treatment (3) and concentration of 80 milligrams per litre of copper oxide nanoparticles that in this regard showed significant differences (P<0.05) with the control group.

The results indicate that the presence of copper oxide nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems have negative effects on growth and biochemical composition of fish carcasses even at sub-lethal concentrations, that by increasing the concentration of the nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems, the influence of these effects will become clearer.

The present study aimed to investigate the different levels of Galacto oligosaccharide prebiotic on growth performance and intestinal morphology of Carassius auratus gibelio. A number of 240 baby fish with the mean weight of 4.88 ±0.28 g were divided into four groups. The first group as the control was fed with basic diet (having no Galacto oligosaccharide) while the second, third, and fourth groups were fed with the diets containing 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 % Galacto oligosaccharide for six weeks. At the end of the test, the growth markers were calculated (including final weight, specific growth rate, and food conversion ratio). Then, intestinal biopsy was conducted and the mean length, width, and absorption surface of intestinal villus were measured in each treatment. The results indicated a significant effect of treatment with 2% Galacto oligosaccharide on villus length, width and absorption surface in Carassius auratus gibelio (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between treatments in terms of growth parameters. Due to the significant effect of Galactooligosaccharide prebiotic on the increase of absorption surface in Carassius auratus gibelio as well as the relative increase of growth parameters int he fish fed with Galacto oligosaccharide than the control treatment, it seems that this substance can be used as a suitable stimulating factor of growth and feeding in the diets of red ornamental fish.

At the present century, using of copper Nano-particles has increased within the environment. In this regard influx of Nano-materials to the environment may have harmful impact on living organisms, including fish. The aim of this study was to examine histological lesions of cooper nanoparticles on the gill tissue of common carp.
In order to investigate the effects of histopathological changes of Nano copper oxide on the gill of carp, 60 pieces of young common carp with an average weight of 42± 2 gr were divided in 3 groups with three replicates for exposure group of Nano copper oxide (10, 40, 80, mg/l of copper oxide) and a control group of fish for 6 weeks.
Findings: Histopathology of Gill tissue showed that the copper nanoparticles have such injuries as cell swelling, Aourtism , edema, secondary connecting adjacent blades, shortening of the secondary blade, and hyperplasia. Gill histopathological result showed that at high concentrations (80 ppm), lesions were mostly detachment, hyperplasia and sticking attach Lamela, versus harm in low concentrations (10 and 40 ppm) to form Aurism, inflation squamous cell and the shortening of the secondary blades.
Discussion and Conclusion Due to changes of gill tissue in the common carp at various concentrations of copper nanoparticles compared with the control group, it can be concluded that copper nanoparticles can have significant effects on fish gill tissue. Therefore it can be used as a simple and useful tool to assess the impact of these new born contaminants on fish and also human environmental.

Today, nanotechnology is developing quickly and may have significant effects on industry, society and the environment. Therefore, in the present study, changes in muscle and liver enzymes of Common Carp (C. carpio) in the face of iron and zinc oxide nanoparticles were studied. For this purpose, first 420 common carp (with an average initial weight 45±3.2 g) was prepared. Then the fish were disinfected and adapted with laboratory conditions for a week and. Samples were randomly divided in to 7 groups. The first group was set as control and others received 10, 50 and 100 micrograms of iron and zinc nanoparticles per gram of food for 60 days. Histological studies showed that iron and zinc nanoparticles caused repair and growth of muscle tissues in treated groups fed with nanoparticles in comparisonwith the control group. More specifically, with progress in time and an increase in concentration, Iron nanoparticles in comparison with zinc oxide nanoparticles can cause more rapid deterioration in texture. In addition, the findings showed that serum levels of liver enzymes in fish fed with nanoparticles is changed compared to that in the control group in that the ALT and AST enzymes were significantly increased compared to the control group. It can be concluded from aforementioned results that iron and zinc nanoparticles are useful in recovery and muscle repair but also causes changes in liver enzyme levels which requires further investigation in this field.