hashem sodagar

One of the most important motives for understanding the viewpoint of the so called “stylist scientists” in every scientific field is the fact that they have had the utmost influence on the trend of researches of that field, and determining the framework for the next researchers in that scientific field. It seems that Ayatollah Muhammad Reza Mahdavi Kani was one the most effective pioneers in Islamic social sciences after the Islamic revolution. Through establishing the Imam Sadiq University, he meant to educate knowledgeable, elevated researchers in this field. So this is out of the question that understanding his view to the Islamic social sciences will be very useful for the researchers. This paper is the result of a research conducted to understand and explain his point of view to Islamic social sciences, emphasizing Islamic management. The references used in this research are as follows: all of his written literature- including his books and articles, and the text of his lectures- and available recordings of his lectures. The findings of this research could be categorized in two parts; the first part includes explanations for the necessity to attend to Islamic social sciences- the why question- and explanation of the essence of Islamic science, and the framework of Islamic social science researcher- the how question. The second part explains the concept of Islamic management from the viewpoint of Ayatollah Mahdavi Kani, and recounts the basic requirements to make Islamic management and organization come true.

Policy making and policy implementation are the most important actions of the government and the central theme of policy making is discussing how to define and prioritize public issues. This matter is particularely going to be aggravated resulted from resources constraints and growing public demands. In this paper, we have proposed five indicators of prioritizing public issues spotting Iran government system; therefore the problem which is more intensive, more widespread, more urgent, more facilitator for solving other public problems and more appropriate for dominant social values, will have more priority. This research is a mixed research which is organized in two phases. At first, we asked 70 experts in public policy making and public issue administration in both executive and academic section to give their idea about indicators of prioritizing public issues using interviews and questionnaires. In this phase we extracted an initial outline of these indicators using the thematic analysis technique and then reviewed those indicators focusing on their connection with research purposes. In the second phase, we asked 11 other experts to evaluate these indicators and then their ideas about initial model were evaluated using Fuzzy-Delphi technique. So the importance of the proposed five indicators by the researchers were confirmed.

Understanding the nature of "public policy" is not as straightforward as discerning its instances. The term "public policy" is utilized in an imprecise manner not only by public policy adopters but also by academic society. However, it is obvious that comprehending the essence of this concept is an inevitable prerequisite to various policy sciences, such as policy process, policy analysis, and policy evaluation. The present paper reports an analytical-interpretive research that aims to recognize and explain the essence of "public policy". In this research, the most significant definitions of "public policy" in the literature were to be analyzed applying thematic analysis. The conclusion puts those concepts existing in the definitions in the three branches: nature, traits, and ending of “public policy”; furthermore, based on this three-dimensional classification, two definitions of “public policy” according two perspectives, “policy audience” and “policy analyst”, are proposed, being comprehensive in representing commons and in distinguishing fundamental differences of definitions. The public policy from the perspective of policy audience could be defined as: “a relatively stable course of action that can be abstracted from a set of interrelated decisions, laws, positions, and actions of one or set of actors ascribing to administration, in dealing with a problem or a matter of concern”; while public policy from the perspective of policy analyst could be defined as: “a set of interrelated decisions, laws, positions, and actions adopted by a policy actor, in dealing with a problem or matter of concern to allocate values desirably in society”.

Nation and Ommat are two important words in social and political literature, and have numerous meaning in humanities and different cultures. In committed approach to just city, these concepts have some extremely roles. The concept of movement to future and purpose are hidden in these words. Nations are shaped through Ommat’s revolving, and the leaders are their leader and guider to future and the road to this end. So, shaping the Ommat requires the leader who is obligor to shared purpose and mobilize the society for proving the purpose every nations requires some characteristics which empower the nation for obtaining of its end. This article is representing the requirements for nation building in light of savior believing based on qualitative content analysis of Nahjul Balaaghah.

Whereas making complementary public policy to enjoy national security is an important necessity for governments, developing holographic army is a great necessity. Holographic army is a public army that disarranges the offensive war machine of the enemy, and results in enemy to pay very much for his long term domination, by leaning on pervasive defense in the society. Such an army has developed according to public supports and developing specific technology of defense of citizens. The base of what people must know, have been learnt by classic army, and people themselves, will create the optimum arrangement according to cultural and geographical specifications on any regions of the country. Thus, such an army will be activated for goals, in addition to enjoying technical supports of formal army, independently but coordinately. According to such an order, if necessary, human forces will become stronger without necessity of paying much, independently will help the main and classic army; while continuously will harm enemy more and more, and then disappears. In fact, the expenditure of repel such an army means to repel a nation entirely and genocide. Thus, the inhibition power of such an army is extremely more than the inhibition power of classic armies.

The role of security in the progress of societies is so important that sometimes is assumed as the preliminary step of every social development. One of the most manifested applicabilities to provide the national security is territorial integrity. Nowadays the management of weapons, defence equipments and technology using by military forces organization in each country is one of the most important factors, impressed the level of national security. The importance of territorial integrity for countries makes all expenditures justified, to promote defence power of military forces. But the point is that sometimes it will be difficult to justify military expenditure, taking into consideration opportunity costs. Apart from related economic discussions to provide necessary weapons for military forces, there will be various ways, each necessitates its own risks and advantages. It is important to implement a flexible and developable model to achieve a comprehensive planning system in such a field, with multiplicity impressing factors. So, this research, stress on a basic question: "Is it possible to find a model, having enough capacity to analyse all related factors about weapons, in addition to ponder all choices exactly lead to better goals, for promoting defence power of a country, by distinguished thrift in consuming military expenditure?". We are going to response above mentioned question using a choice, called the development of "virtual army" through the suggestion of "era-based cellular planning system".