hassan rafieemehr

The importance of e-learning in the days of Covid-19 reached its peak due to the absenteeism of university education, but its use for learners was associated with challenges. The purpose of this study was to design an E-learning challenges questionnaire (ECQ) for the assessment of learning challenges in the student in university.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2020 in the paramedical faculty of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. The study population consisted of 683 students who according to Morgan table a sample of 295 people were selected based on inclusion criteria by stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was used to determine the validity of experts' opinions. To determine the dimension of questionnaire and its internal consistency exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used. This data was analyzed with SPSS 26.

In general, 5 factors (conditions and motivation of learners, teacher and teaching method, ability to have universal access to the Internet, support and officials, technical) explain a total of 60/895% of the total variance, which is the factor of inclusive conditions and motivation with/4.796% had the highest share and the technical factor with 3/054% had the lowest share in the explanation.

The most important problems of students in using virtual education in the days of Covid-19 were the conditions and motivation of the learners themselves, while motivation is directly related to the success and performance of students. Accordingly, professors have a very important role in motivating learners through the use of teaching methods with the active participation of students.

The curriculum is one of the most important elements of a society's education system. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of compliance of the undergraduate laboratory sciences curriculum with the job needs of the field based on responsive education.Materials &

This cross-sectional study was performed on 54 final-year students and 150 employees working in the last ten years by census method in 1399. Data has been gathered by a researcher-made questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic information, a survey on the applicability of courses, and overall satisfaction with the curriculum. The content validity index of the questionnaire was 0.75 and the reliability of the questionnaire was α = 0.88. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test using SPSS software version 23.

 The hematology (1) and (2) had the maximum amount of application from the student's viewpoint with 51.9% and 59.3% and from the employees' viewpoint with 61.4% and 62.4%, respectively; and the seminar course had the least application from the perspective of students (55.6%) and employees (56.8%). Among the basic courses, the general biochemistry course had the most application from the perspective of students and employees with 33.4% and 36.4%, respectively, and the vital physics course had the least application in job tasks with 63% and 53%, respectively.

The results showed some specific and basic courses had little adaptation with job needs; therefore, it is necessary to revise the curriculum to adapt the lessons based on responsive education.

 This analysis aimed to investigate the global research output in Iron Deficiency Anemia from a bibliometric perspective.

All 29,789 publications in IDA indexed in Scopus from 1934-2019 were included. Using MeSH-assigned keyword search, this research analyzed and visualized the bibliometric data, including annual publication trends and languages and publications, as well as active and influential authors, research institutes, countries, and journals. The scientific visualization was done by co-authorship, co-citation, and word co-occurrence techniques in VOSviewer.

The trend in IDA annual publication growth was increasing. Publications were in over 40 languages, with English as the predominant one. The majority of publications were original research. The highest scientific collaboration was between the USA and UK. Seven out of 13 top authors were from the USA. The top high influential journals were the Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine and Blood, respectively. Highly-frequent keywords were in two clusters: epidemiology and IDA management, iron metabolism, and Iron Deficiency Anemia pathophysiology.

The increasing trend of publication growth in IDA demonstrates the importance of research on it and being as an international concern. IDA needs to be investigated from many perspectives, with the main contributions of developing countries where the disease has its causes and consequences. More prolific and highly-cited journals in Iron Deficiency Anemia are of prestigious and known journals that can potentially widen the reach of publications and increase their readability and citation rates. Research on Iron Deficiency Anemia has found its way, and many topics have been considered.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common malignancy in adults. A vast variety of environmental and lifestyle factors play a role in AML incidence. This study aimed to assess the factors related to AML. Study design: A case-control study.

This case-control study was performed on 137 AML cases during 2018-2021 at Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, and 137 gender/age-matched controls. A questionnaire including 12 items was used to obtain information about lifestyle and environmental factors. A univariate and multiple variate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR), and a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to investigate the relationship between the studied variables and the incidence of AML.

Based on findings, 62 (45.3%) out of the 137 leukemic cases were male and 75 (4.7%) were females. A statistically significant increased risk for AML was found with regard to prior usage of cytotoxic agents (OR: 8.00, 95% CI: 1.01, 63.9, P=0.050), family history of malignancies (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 1.65, 7.92, P=0.001), exposure to electrical power (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.52, 6.81, P=0.002), and history of mental diseases (OR: 8.50, 95% CI: 3.64, 19.80, P=0.001). It was found that the AML incidence had no association with age, gender, radiation therapy, cigarette smoking, prior chemotherapy, congenital disorders, exposure to chemical agents, history of infectious mononucleosis, exercise, and blood transfusion (P>0.05).

The current results suggested that cytotoxic agents, family history of m

Aluminum phosphide (AIP) is the commonly used pesticide in agriculture, which induces oxidative stress in almost all major body systems and organs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of nanocurcumin and curcumin on serum oxidative stress level in subacute toxicity with AIP.

In this study 36 male Wistar rats (220-250 g) were randomly divided into six groups. Control (C) receiving normal saline; group AIPreceiving AIP (2 mg/kg daily); group Cur receiving curcumin (100 mg/kg daily); group Nano-cur receiving nanocurcumin (100 mg/kg daily); group AIP+ Cur receiving AIP (2 mg/kg daily) and curcumin (100 mg/kg daily); and group AIP and Nano-cur receiving AIP (2 mg/kg daily) and nanocurcumin (100 mg/kg daily). Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total thiol groups (TTG), and catalase (CAT) activity were measured.

AIP administration led to a significant increase in LPO, and decreased the CAT activity, TAC, and TTG compared to the control group (P<0.05). Curcumin and nanocurcumin caused a significant decrease in the levels of LPO compared to the AIP-exposed groups (P<0.05). Moreover, in the nanocurcumintreated groups, compared to a poisoned group, TAC and TTG increased significantly (P<0.01). There were no significant changes in CAT activity improvement.

Nanocurcumin and curcumin improved the AIP-induced oxidative damage.

Oxidants and inflammation agents are predisposing factors for the development of prostate cancer. As a chemical warfare, sulfur mustard (SM) can cause cancer through various pathways mainly increased production of oxidants and inflammation. Due to high incidence of cancer in SM victims, concentration of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in SM victims was evaluated and compared with the control group.
This study was conducted on 150 subjects exposed to SM as the Iranian chemical victim group and 150 non-exposed healthy subjects matched for age and sex, as the control group. The serum concentration of PSA was measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay.
According to spirometry results, the SM exposure rate in the chemical victim group was mild, moderate, and severe in 66%, 27% and 7%, respectively. The mean time elapsed from exposure to SM in case group was 30 years. 100% of the victims had consumed N-acetylcysteine for alleviating symptoms due to exposure to SM. Decreased concentration of PSA in SM victims compared with control group was observed; even non-significant. (0.728 vs 0.844 ng/ml, P=0.103).
PSA concentrations were expected to increase in SM victims, but in our study an opposite result was observed. It is assumed that consumption of N-acetylcysteine with known anti-inflammatory features, mild exposure and shorter period of time elapsed from exposure to SM may be the reasons for this results. Further studies on these subjects seem to be necessary to prove the efficacy of antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine in prevention of prostate cancer in subjects who have the history of SM exposure.

Platelet indices (PIs), including platelet count (PC), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet larger cell ratio (P-LCR) are used to predict clinical outcomes in patients with various medical conditions. The current study aimed at evaluating the correlation between serum iron saturation (IS) and PIs among the female students living in the Northwest of Iran.
The current cross sectional study included 254 high school female (HSF) students aged 15 to 18 years in Hamadan, Iran, from September to January 2016. After completion of a questionnaire, the hematological parameters were determined using standard methods. HSF afflicted with infections and acute hemorrhage, and the ones with malignancies and inflammatory diseases were excluded. The correlation between the serum levels of IS and PIs in the female residents of Northwest of Iran was evaluated using the Pearson correlation test.
The reference range of PIs in healthy HSF in the Northwest of Iran was as follows: PC 241 ± 53 109/L, MPV 9.67 ± 0.88 fL, PDW 11.904% ± 1.68%, and P-LCR 22.908 ± 6.69 fL. Decreased IS and MPV resulted in increased PC in the current study population. An inverse correlation was observed between PC and IS (P 0.05), but a linear correlation was observed between PDW and MPV (P The current study data indicated IS as one of the most important factors affecting PC. PIs can serve as a clue to the severity of iron deficiency in HSF. It is recommended to conduct complementary studies to identify prognostic and diagnostic utilities of PIs in clinical practices.

Although acetaminophen (APAP) is considered safe at therapeutic doses, intake of high amounts of this drug can cause liver failure. In the present experiment, we examined the hepatoprotective effects of resveratrol (RES) in HepG2 cells and rat liver.
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of RES on liver function in rat model of necrosis and HepG2 cells.
In this study, rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups (7 rats in each group) as follows; group 1: control rats (received normal saline), group 2: hepatotoxic control (control rats that received 640 mg/kg/d APAP), group 3: positive control (received 150 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine), group 4: RES (received 30 mg/kg RES). The animals were treated for 7 days. Afterwards, the levels of liver enzymes, protein carbonyl content, glutathione (GSH) level, and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level were determined.
In the in vitro experiment, APAP-induced HepG2 cells were treated with RES at different concentrations and various factors such as cell viability, liver enzymes, GSH and TNF-α levels were measured.
Our results indicated that RES could normalize all these factors in vitro and in vivo (P

Iron deficiency impairs the proliferation and function of T lymphocytes. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between serum iron with percentage of TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes in peripheral blood of female high school students in Hamadan.
In this cross-sectional study, 355 female high school students with an age range of 15-18 years were enrolled from January 2016 to March 2017. After approval by the ethics committee of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, taking written consent of parents, and completion of a questionnaire involving demographic information, serum iron profile, the percentage of TCD4 and TCD8 cells, and TCD4/TCD8 ratio were measured using standard methods. The results were analyzed by SPSS software, version 13.
The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 16.1% in 355 female high school students of Hamadan. There was no correlation between transferrin saturation with percentage of TCD4 lymphocytes and TCD4/TCD8 ratio in the two groups of students with and without iron deficiency (P>0.05). However, a significant correlation was found between Tfs with percentage of TCD8 lymphocytes in the group of patients with iron deficiency anemia (P This study indicated an increased percentage of TCD8 lymphocytes with reduced Tfs in patients with iron deficiency anemia. In addition to reduced Tfs, other factors may be associated with the alterations in percentage of TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes and TCD4/TCD8 ratio.

Cell therapy is a potential therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative disorders. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) are an appropriate source of stem cells for use in various cell-based therapies.
In this study, we examined a real-time PCR approach for neural differentiation of hUCB-MSCs in vitro.
MSCs were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS in a humidified incubator equilibration at 5% CO2 and 37°C. For the neural differentiation of MSCs, the DMEM was removed and replaced with pre-induction media (retinoic acid [RA], basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF], and epidermal growth factor [EGF]) and basal medium for two days. They were then cultured in nerve growth factor (NGF), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), ascorbic acid (AA), and basal medium for six days. We also monitored the expression of markers for neural differentiation with real-time PCR.
The results of real-time PCR showed that the expression of the GFAP, MBP, and MAP-2 genes after two-step induction was significantly increased compared to the common induction protocol. In addition, our study showed that RA should play the main role in the neural differentiation and fate of MSCs compared to other neural inducers.
Taken together, the combination of chemical and growth factors in the two-step induction protocol may improve the efficiency of MSC differentiation into neural progenitor cells, and may be a new method for the easy and fast application of MSCs in regenerative medicine in the future.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of transplanted human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (UCB-MSC) derived neural progenitor cell (MDNPC) in EAE, an experimental model of MS. To initiate neuronal differentiation of UCB-MSCs, the pre-induction medium was removed and replaced with induction media containing retinoic acid, b FGF, h EGF, NGF, IBMX and ascorbic acid for one week. The expression of neural genes was examined in comparison to control group by real-time PCR assay. Then, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) was induced using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG, 35-55 peptides) in 24 C57BL/6 mice. After induction, the mice were divided in four groups (n=6) as follows: healthy, PBS, UCB-MSCs and MDNPC, respectively. At the end of the study, disease status in all the groups was analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining of brain sections. We found that UCB-MSCs exhibit neuronal differentiation potential in vitro and transplanted MDNPC lowered clinical score and reduced CNS leukocyte infiltration compared to untreated mice. Our results showed that MDNPC from UCB may be a proper candidate for regenerative therapy in MS and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UCB-MSCs) are ideally suited for use in various cell-based therapies. We investigated a novel induction protocol (NIP) to improve the neuronal differentiation of human UCB-MSCs under appropriate conditions. This experimental study was performed in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran. UCB-MSCs were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS in a humidified incubator in equilibration with 5% CO2 at 37oC. For neuronal differentiation of UCB-MSCs, DMEM was removed and replaced with pre-induction medium containing RA, bFGF, EGF, and basal medium for two days. Then, NGF, IBMX, AsA, and Neurobasal medium were used for six days for this purpose. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the neuronal differentiation of UCB-MSCs for the first time in Iran. We found that the maximum and minimum levels of gene expression were related to GFAP and nestin, respectively. In addition, our study showed that compared to other neuronal inducers, RA might play the main role in neuronal differentiation and fate of MSCs compared to other neuronal inducers. Our data showed that the combination of chemical (RA, IBMX, AsA) and growth factors (NGF, EGF, bFGF) in NIP may improve the efficiency of neuronal differentiation of UCB-MSCs and may provide a new method for easy and quick application of UCB-MSCs in regenerative medicine in the future. However, the functionality of neuron-like cells must be carefully assessed in animal experiments prior to use in clinical applications.

Zinc has significant effects on structural and functional activities of many proteins and enzymes involved in biological activities, especially the regulation of immune-system. Symptoms of zinc toxicity include nausea/vomiting, fever, cough, diarrhea, fatigue, neuropathy, and dehydration. Further signs include growth retardation, altered iron function, anemia, copper deficiency, decreased immune function, decreased HDL (high density lipoprotein), increased LDL (low density lipoprotein), and increased HgbA1C.This study was carried out to examine the invitro effects of different concentrations of zinc on viability and death of T-lymphoid (Raji) cell line. In this study, the cell line was exposed to different concentrations of zinc (10nanoM to 500microM) followed by incubation (37° C, 5% CO2) at various time points (12 to 72 h). The cells were, then, evaluated using trypan blue exclusion dye, MTT assay (mitochondorial thiazol tetrazolium), and light microscopy. The results of this study showed almost different responses to different amounts of zinc in the T cell line (Raji). Zinc concentrations below 100µM at different incubation time points had little or no effects on the cell line compared to the controls. Higher concentrations of zinc viability (>100µM) diminished to 70% at 12 hour and less than 50% at 24 to 72 hours of incubation. It can be concluded that zinc has a dose-dependent cytotoxicity effect on Raji cells.