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Oilgocene-Miocene celestite occurrences are observed across the carbonate-evaporite formations of Asmari and Gachsaran in the Zagros fold - thrust belt. The aim of this research is the study of fluid inclusions in our celestite deposits (Tortab, Tarak, Likak and Babamohamad) to reveal the nature of ore-forming fluids. Abundant structures including: geodic and vein-like structures as open-space filling along with replacement textures like mosaic and vein-like in a carbonate matrix are present. Moreover, celestite, calcite, gypsum and anhydrite are observed as the major minerals in this deposits. Based on petrographic studies, 5 groups of fluid inclusions were recognised, which are categorized as: Liquid mono phase (L), vapour mono phase (V), liquid-rich two phase (LV), vapor-rich two phase (VL) and multi-phase fluids (LVS). The results obtained from the study of microthermometry data show 134.3 to 291.8°C as homogenisation temperatures and salinities of 2.5-18.17 wt%, NaCl equ, all are involved in forming celestite. Based on the results of microthermometry data, it can be deduced that formation mechanism of celestite is resulted from reaction between fluid and rocks of the area. Moreover, tectonic activities such as uplift and diagenesis of beds along with dissolution of minerals have caused release of strontium in the fluids responsible for ore-forming. This has generally undertaken by two fluids of meteoric and brine origins over different stages of ore-formation, replacing anhydrite with strontium at high temperatures during late- diagenetic and epigenetic processes.

Resilience is defined as a successful acclimatization process with injurious experiences. The concept of the source of control refers to human's ability in controlling conditions and environmental events. In some surveys, resilience and locus of control are known as factors affecting academic progress of students. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between students resilience and their source of control with their academic performance conducted at Paramedical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences.
This cross-sectional study was performed with180 students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences with simple stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, student's total average, Connor-Davidson standardized resilience questionnaires, and Rotter's locus of control. In order to analyze the data, SPSS 23 software and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient, independent t-test, multiple linear regression) were used.
The results showed that there was a significant relationship between resilience and locus of control, i.e. the resilient individuals had internal locus of control (r=-0.418, P The results showed that off campus students were more resilient and had a better academic performance than on-campus students.

One of the important citrus pests in Jiroft region is Aonidiella orientalis, that cause extensive damage to some kinds of citrus trees annually. Therefore, it is essential to control the pest to prevent damage. In this study to evaluate the efficacy of chlorpyrifos insecticide alone and along with Volk oil, the experiment was carried out based on Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 treatments including chlorpyrifos (1.5 ml/L) and 3 concentrations of Volk oil (0.5, 1 and 1.5 %), and chlorpyrifos (1 ml/L Volk oil 1% in 4 replications in the year 2015. The toxicity of the treatments on Chilocorus bipustulatus lady bird was also checked. The pest population was counted one day before and 3, 7 and 14 days after the treatment. Percent efficacy was calculated using Henderson-Tilton method. The results show that, the most efficient treatment was chlorpyrifos with Volk oil on 1 st nymph of A. orientalis during all the days after spraying in the showing 50-68 % efficacy. The highest mortality which is 68.42% was observed 7 days after spraying with chlorpyrifos with Volk oil. The most effective treatment on adult was 3 days after spraying with chlorpyrifos along with Volk oil which 49.5%. According to IOBC grouping, the toxicity of the three Volk oil concentrations on larvae and adult ladybird were harmless and slightly harmful group during all the days after spraying. chlorpyrifos along with Volk oil and alone was moderately harmful on larvae of ladybird was ladybird 1 day after the treatment, slightly harmful and harmless 3 and 7 days after spraying. chlorpyrifos with Volk oil and alone were slightly harmful on adult ladybird after spraying. Based on the results, it is recommended to use chlorpyrifos along with Volk oil in rotation with Volk oil alone in the control of A. orientalis.

Various factors may lead to pesticide efficiency increment, and adjuvant may be considered as the most important one. Spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a key pest in greenhouse especially on cucumber. Its damage and control measures involve high expenses annually. This research was conducted to study the effect of Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate as an adjuvant, dispersing and wetting agent, to evaluate the effects of hexythiazox (Nisoron® EC 10%) on T. urticae in greenhouses of Chah Akrami and Ashkezar, in Yazd province during the years 2013 and 2014. This experiment was performed based on randomized complete block design under greenhouse condition with 5 treatments including hexythiazox with recommended dosage (100ml/100L) as control, hexythiazox (5% dosage reduction)ǘꧭ, hexythiazox 10% dosage reduction) Adjuvant, hexythiazox (15% dosage reduction) Adjuvant and hexythiazox 20% dosage reduction) Adjuvant. Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate (Adjuvant) was used with recommended dosage (75 ml/100 L). Sampling was done after 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 15 and 21 days after spraying. hexythiazox treatment as control showed significantly more efficiency at the initial sampling intervals (95.93±0.8; 97±0.57 in Chah Akrami and Ashkezar respectively), but dropped over time. According to the present results Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate application showed significant effects on efficiency increment (25% compared to recommended dosage of hexythiazox after 15 days), dosage reduction (15%) and duration of hexythiazox efficiency.

Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.) is an important pest on common bean in Iran which causes quantitative and qualitative damages to legumes. Its activity on the backside of host leaves reduces the efficiency of sprayer machines. In this research, efficiency of six sprayer machines using two concentrations of hexythiazox (Nissorun®, 0.5 and 0.3 L/ha) were studied. The experimental design was a factorial test conducted based on the completely randomized block design with 14 treatments in 3 replications. The sprayers included wheelbarrow sprayer 100 liters), atomizer sprayer with simple head, atomizer sprayer with electrostatic head, atomizer sprayer with micronair head, micronair sprayer with tail boom and knapsack sprayer. Sampling of T. urticae population was performed one day before and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after spraying. The results show that the highest and the lowest efficiency percentages are 83.74 and 23.46% for electrostatic sprayer and micronair sprayer with tail boom, respectively. Also, the efficiency percentages for other sprayers measured are 76.50%, 57.41%, 43.22%, and 36.81 for wheelbarrow sprayer, atomizer sprayer with micronair head, atomizer sprayer with simple head and knapsack sprayer, respectively. The amount of solution used in the electrostatic sprayer, atomizer sprayer with micronair head and micronair sprayer with tail boom were 42.69, 134.4 and 56.25 l/ha, respectively, which indicates decrease in the consumption as compared with the others. Hence, the electrostatic sprayer is recommended as the most effective sprayer for the control of Two-spotted spider mite in the bean fields.

In this contribution, linearized dynamic model of Cumulative Mass Fraction (CMF) of Potassium Nitrate-Water Seeded Continues Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal (CMSMPR) crystallizer is approximated by a simplified model in frequency domain. Frequency domain model simplification is performed heuristically using the frequency response of the derived linearized models data. However, the CMF frequency response of the original model is obtained versus three input variables encompass seeding mass flow rate, inlet liquid volumetric flow rate and jacket temperature with emphasis on minimum model simplification assumptions. Results show that the simplified CMF frequency response predicts system dynamics and covers all system characteristics as well as the main complex model.

Improper screening of pilgrims in examinations before sending by physicians will impose irreversible and serious problems on the pilgrims, the caravan and also the health & care system during the Hajj season. The purpose of this paper is to study medical errors of the caravan physicians in examinations before sending pilgrims to the Hajj in 2008.

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, medical errors in examination were extracted and categorized before sending 100,000 pilgrims to Hajj in 2008.

According to the results, 26 cases with advanced cancer, one of them died during the journey, and the rest of the patients returned to Iran or admitted to the Saudi Arabia hospitals. Meanwhile, 10 cases of chemicals victims and 5 patients with spinal injury were in the ordinary caravans that were not predicted any care arrangement. 4 patients, who had not been diagnosed with mental disorders, were returned to Iran. For 15 cases the physicians had not had any exact medical history of cardiac disease. Also, 3 cases with addiction and a 4-month pregnant woman were other medical errors in Hajj in 2008.

Physicians proper diagnosis along with accuracy in patient's description and prediction of necessary care equipment can minimize the individual, social and economic irreversible costs in health and care system during the hajj.

Documentation is one of the nurses’ professional tasks, which is an important component of medical evidence and patient’s record. Finding effective teaching methods for enhancing nurses’ ability in documentation can be helpful.

This study was performed to determine the effect of continuing education program on nurse’s knowledge, attitude and performance about documentation.

A quasi-experimental before and after design was carried out on 62 nurses who were working at a public hospitals in Kerman and were randomly allocated to two experimental (n = 32) and control groups (n = 30). Data collection tools were a self-structured questionnaire as well as tools for measurement of knowledge, attitude, performance, and competency of subjects regarding nursing documentation, which were completed before and after implementing a continuing education program. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square, paired t- tests and independent t- tests with SPSS version 14.

There were significant differences between nurses who participated in the intervention and control groups in terms of knowledge (P =0.000), attitude (P=0.000), performance (P=0. 001) and competency (P=0. 000) towards documentation. The findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in relation to demographic variables.

The results of this study suggest that continuing education program promote knowledge, attitude, performance and competency of nurses on documentation. It is recommended to accomplish more studies about learning stability following employing this method and its comparison with other educational methods.

Hepatitis B is the most common chronic viral infection in humans and the most common cause of death among viral hepatitis. As 70% to 80% of chronic hepatitis cases are caused by HBV in Iran, this virus alone is considered the most important cause of liver diseases and the major cause of mortality arising from viral hepatitis cases in Iran. We planned this study to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B in the general population of Qom, central Iran.Patients and The present study is a cross-sectional study. A total of 3690 samples were collected from 7 rural clusters and 116 urban clusters. Ten teams, each consisting of 2 trained members, were assigned to conduct the sampling and fill the questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS. The prevalence rate of hepatitis B infection in Qom Province was 1.3%. The mean age of the patients with hepatitis B was 44.17 years. The prevalence of hepatitis B was 1.6% in men and 1.1% in women. Moreover, the prevalence of hepatitis B correlated positively with age, tattooing, and literacy level. The prevalence rate of hepatitis B in Qom is 1.3%. It is possible to prevent the disease by increasing public awareness. Further investigation on clinical presentations and a determination of the genotype of the virus are suggested.

Random sampling and performing bacteriological tests are of the most important methods for examining the bacteriological quality of food s. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacteriological quality of ready-to-use food s and salad s in four restaurants affiliated to a military center in Tehran.

T his cross-sectional study was carried out in 2009. 288 food and salad samples from four restaurants affiliated to a military center were cho sen randomly and examined for Total Bacterial Count, Coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella using standard methods. Results were analyzed by SPSS 15 software using descriptive statistical indices and A N OVA test.

The highest Total Bacterial Count was detected in the samples of restaurant B and the highest Coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus contamination was detected in the samples of restaurant A. 5 samples had Escherichia coli contamination, but no salmonella contamination was observed in tested samples.

Bacterial contamination in some served foods and salads of the studied restaurants is more than standard level and regular control of these restaurants along with complementary studies is essential.

The internal environment analysis of an organization is one of the most effective factors in strategic Decision making in organizations. The aim of the present study was to the analyzing of internal environment of Yazd University of medical science hospitals based on wiseboard model. The present study is a descriptive-application and cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2011. Total of 360 employees contributed in the study. We used stratified-random sampling method. The required data was gathered trough Wise board 6 dimensional questionnaire. The reliability of questionnaire was approved by alpha Cronbach’s coefficient (93%) prior the study. We used spss16 and descriptive Tests in data analyzing. The result of the present study showed the mean score of studied hospitals in goal setting, leadership, relationship, reward mechanisms, coordination, organizational structure, and personal attitude to change were calculated as (3/33±0/33), 3/80±0/26), (3/44±0/52), (4/42±0/47), (3/60±0/48), (3/83±0/21) and (3/77±0/26) respectively. Reinforcing the positive change attitude of the staff and reformatting the reward mechanism can addressed as the effective factors to improve the organizational performance.

Iran is a disaster-prone country and it can be considered as one of the most vulnerable countries for disasters in the world. Hospitals play an important rolein disasters. This paper aims to study the preparedness of public and private hospitals in Shiraz dealing with disasters; to investigate and to identify problems and issues comparing current status with standards. In this cross-sectional study, 15 public and private hospitals were evaluated in Shiraz in 2010. The data was collected by using observation, interview and also a checklist including 10 fields and 220 questions. Then the collected data were analyzed by using SPSS. Totally, the results are as follows: the average disaster preparedness in the mentioned hospitals was 62/3%; evacuation, transport, traffic, communication andsecurity fields were in the middle level; and emergency services, reception, training, logestics, human resources, commanding and management were in a good average level. Despite having an adequate preparation in the studied hospitals inShiraz, appropriate measures should be taken to improve some fields such as evacuation, transport, traffic, communication, and security.

Riboflavin and protoporphyrin IX are two molecules that participate in oxidation and reduction reactions in the living cell. Changing some functional groups of riboflavin and protoporphyrin IX can provide compounds with self-assembled monolayer properties with wide applications in designing the molecular electronic devices. In this study, the amphiphilic structure of riboflavin and protoporphyrine IX is resulted from the reaction of stearic acid with riboflavin and phosphatidyl ethanol amine with protoporphyrin IX. The reaction products were purified and analyzed by different spectroscopy techniques such as IR, Uv-Vis, fluorimetry and NMR. The electron transfer ability was confirmed by cyclic voltametry. The finding approves that the produced amphiphilic compounds have kept theirs intrinsic properties as well.

Breast conserving surgery (BCS) followed by local radiotherapy is the standard treatment for early stage of breast cancer. Margin status may have an important impact on local recurrence and overall survival of patients treated with BCS, but this has not been defined adequately. In this study, we investigated the relationship between microscopic margins and outcome of BCS. Three hundred eighty four patients treated with BCS between 1999 and 2010 were included in our study. All surgeries were performed by a single surgical team. Margins were defined as close if surgical margins were less than 2 mm, as free if surgical margins were more than 2 mm and as positive if malignant cells were present in one of the tissue edges. Demographic, clinical, and pathological factors as well as biological markers, recurrence, and survival rates were compared between the close and the free margins groups. The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 54.2 years. There were 34 (9%) recurrence cases and overall survival was 128.7 months and ten years survival rate was 81%. There was no significant difference between the close and the free margins groups in terms of demographic parameters, tumor characteristics, biological factors (estrogen and progesterone receptor status) and lymphovascular invasion. Also recurrence rate did not differ significantly between these two groups. Our study indicates that there is no significant difference between the patients with close and the free margins in terms of treatment results. There is no clear consensus in the surgeons’ community over the definition of acceptable margin width in BCS, so additional studies are required to find the right answer.

The current treatment of IBS is often unsatisfactory and frustrating. Several controlled trials have demonstrated benefits of tricyclic antidepressants for irritable bowel syndrome, especially when pain is a prominent symptom but the efficacy of antidepressants in irritable bowel syndrome is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of doxepin and nortriptyline on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Seventy-five patients with IBS according to Rome III criteria were treated for two months. The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups treated with doxepin, nortriptyline or placebo. Subjects were assessed clinically one month and two months after treatment. The symptoms and adverse effects of the drugs were recorded in the questionnaire. The total score was considered as the number of the symptoms for each patient, which ranged between zero and six. Improvements in abdominal pain and bloating in the doxepin group were significantly higher than the nortriptyline or the placebo groups (P=0.001 and P=0.012, respectively). However, improvement in diarrhea in patients on nortriptyline was significantly higher than the other groups (P=0.018). The average improvement of symptoms in the patients after two months of treatment in doxepin, nortriptyline and placebo groups, respectively were 2.56, 2 and 0.6 (P<0.05). Both doxepin and nortriptyline are effective for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome in a period of two months but doxepin seems to be more efficacious than nortriptyline in this regard. However, larger comparative trials are suggested.

Determination of genetic diversity level and genotype relationships is fundamental for identification of desirable parents to be used in different breeding programs. Molecular markers have been successfully used for analysis of genetic diversity in various crops. Genetic diversity among 35 lines and genotypes of barley was studied using 19 pairs of SSR and EST-SSR primers. Totally 157 alleles were produced with an average of 4.06 alleles per locus. Bmag581 with two and Bmag134 with 15 alleles had the lowest and highest allele number, respectively. Polymorphic information content ranged from 0.15 (Bmag518) to 0.89 (Ebmac419) with an average of 0.69. The markers Bamg581 and Ebmac419, had the lowest (0.17) and the highest (0.90) gene diversity, respectively. Cluster analysis based on molecular data assigned the genotypes into five groups. Group 2 genotypes showed low level of tolerance to cold and contained sensitive genotypes. In general, it seems that the studied markers were able to differentiate the most cold sensitive barley genotypes from the rest.

Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is a widely accepted form of operation in patients with early breast cancer. Recurrence remains one of the greatest concerns in breast conserving surgery. It can provoke serious anxiety in the patient and, when treated by mastectomy, negate the objective of conservation. In this study we investigated the prognostic value of demographic, clinical and pathological factors and biological markers in breast cancer patients treated with BCS. This study was performed on 258 patients who underwent BCS from 2002 to 2010. All of the surgeries were performed by a single surgical team. Recurrence and its risk factors were evaluated. The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 50. The overall 10 year survival was 81%, 5 year survival was 88% and recurrence rate after surgery was 9%. Lymphovascular Invasion (LVI) was observed in 41 (16%) patients and in 11 (48%) patients with recurrence. Our study confirmed that tumors with estrogen receptor negative and LVI had more recurrence rate but other demographic, clinical and pathological factors and biological markers (progesterone receptor, P53, HER-2) did not have any significant effect on recurrence. We recommend considering LVI and estrogen receptor assay as a prognostic factor in the patients treated with BCS.

Omental infarction is a rare cause of acute abdomen which can be secondary to torsion around its vascular pedicle, thrombosis, vasculitis of omental vessels or omental venous outflow obstruction. The symptoms may mimic acute appendicitis, cholecyctitis, diverticulitis or ovarian cyst rupture. In this report we will present a patient who was admitted with right side abdominal pain after taking oral contraceptive pills and was diagnosed to have high hematocrit level, portal vein thrombosis and omental infarction. She underwent surgery and the gangrenous part of the omentum was resected. The patient’s postoperative recovery was uneventful and she was discharged with anticoagulant.

The C-reactive protein (CRP) is a product synthesized in hepatocytes and has been reported to be up-regulated by such proinflammatory cytokines as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The significance of a preoperative serum elevation in CRP as a predictive indicator for the malignant potential and prognosis in colorectal cancer has not been elucidated. Forty consecutive patients with colorectal cancer, whose local lesions were resected in our department, plus forty volunteer healthy persons, were selected. Any patient with inflammatory diseases such as infection or collagen disease was excluded from the current study. Then preoperative serum CRP level were measured, and also from the control group. The relationships between the serum elevation of CRP and both the clinicopathologic factors and prognosis of the patients was investigated. The rate of patients with elevated serum CRP level was significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients in comparison with the control group (55% versus 2. 5%). Furthermore the incidence of liver metastasis, peritoneal carcinomatosis, histopathologic lymph nodes metastasis, and tumor invasion in colorectal cancer patients with a preoperatively elevated serum CRP level were significantly more frequent than in those with a negative serum CRP level. The survival rates of colorectal cancer patients without a preoperative elevation of serum CRP proved to be significantly more favourable than what in colorectal cancer patients with such an elevation (94. 4% versus 59. 1%; P<0. 001). A preoperative serum elevation of CRP was thus found to be an indicator of malignant potential of the tumor as well as a predictor for the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.

Zataria multiflora Boiss. is used in Iranian traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders and menrrhalgia. The inhibitory effect of this herb on rat ileum contractions is also reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. hydroalcoholic leaf extract (ZHLE) on isolated rat uterus in presence of some known uterus stimulants. Pieces of virgin adult rat uterus were mounted in an organ bath containing Tyrode or De Jalon solutions. Uterus contraction was induced by KCl, oxytocin and BaCl2 in presence and absence of certain concentrations of ZHLE. In the oxytocin studies, animals received an injection of oestradiol valerate (5mg/kg, S.C.) 24h prior to the experiment. ZHLE (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml) relaxed the uterus precontracted by KCl (60mM) in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.0001) and at 2mg/ml attenuated the BaCl2 (4mM)-induced uterus contraction (P<0.001). The inhibitory effect of ZHLE on KCl-induced uterus contraction was unaffected by propranolol (1μM). In normal De Jalon solution, ZHLE (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1mg/ml) reduced the oxytocin (10mU/ml)-induced contraction dose-dependently (P<0.0001) but in Ca2+-free De Jalon solution, the stimulatory effect of oxytocin was lesser nevertheless, the inhibitory effect of ZHLE was higher. In presence of atropine (0.5μM), acetylcholine (0.5μM) was failed to induce contraction but KCl (30mM) evoked contraction and the extract diminished the contractile response of KCl. The spasmolytic effect of extract (2mg/ml) on KCl-induced contraction was unaffected by naloxone (1μM). From the obtained results it may be concluded that, the ZHLE may induce the inhibitory effect through blockage of the voltage dependent calcium channels and releasing calcium from intracellular stores in rat uterus smooth muscle. The ineffectiveness of propranolol and naloxone on ZHLE inhibitory effect indicates that adrenergic and opioid agonist substance(s) does not exist in the extract. It seems that there is no anticholinergic substance(s) in the extract. The results support the usage of this plant in traditional medicine.

Many reports have shown the various effects of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed extract for example antioxidant, protecting RBC against UV, also hypotensive, hypolipidemic and vasodilatory effects. We have recently shown the relaxatory effect of grape leaf extract on rat ileum and uterus and frog isolated heart rate and contractility. The aim of present study was to investigate the relaxant effect of Vitis vinifera leaf hydroalcoholic extract (VLHE) on isolated rat thoracic aorta contractions induced by phenylephrine and KCl, and the role of aorta endothelium on this action. Rat aorta was removed and placed in an organ bath containing Krebs-Henseleit solution and aorta contractions were recorded isometrically. The results demonstrate that the VLHE at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml reduces the endothelial intact aorta contracted by phenylephrine (1 μM) significantly and dose-dependently. Endothelial denuded aorta showed the same relaxation but in much less extent. The IC50 of these two groups were 0.454±0.08 and 1.73±0.23 mg/ml respectively. VLHE also reduced the aorta contractions induced by KCl (80mM). The relaxatory effect of VHLE on KCl –induced contractions were less than those evoked by phenylephrine. Soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (methylene blue, 10 μM) and nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME, 100μM) reduced the VHLE-induced relaxation in the intact aorta significantly but, atropine (1μM) was unable to decrease this vasorelaxant effect. These results suggest that the most vasorelaxant effect of VHLE on rat aorta is endothelium-dependent and also nitric oxide (NO) and cGMP are involved in this action.