hossein kiani

Enhancing the efficiency and environmental compatibility of hybrid systems through renewable energy sources is a highly motivating concept. Two tourist destinations, one sarab Gian region in Nahavand city of Iran and the other Zurich city in Switzerland, were analyzed. Using HOMER Pro software, photovoltaic panels (PVs), wind turbines (WTs), battery energy storage systems (BESS), and diesel generators (DGs) were evaluated. Sensitivity factors such as varying fossil fuel costs, fuel supply limitations, inflation rates, discount rates, carbon dioxide penalties, and capacity shortages were taken into account. The findings indicate that as fuel prices and emission penalties rise, renewable resources become more cost-effective. Comparing the lowest net present cost (NPC) in Switzerland to Iran, which is also influenced by fuel prices, 180% increase observed. Furthermore, due to the impact of fuel prices and the optimal capacity of PVs, we observed a 5.3% increase in total operational costs in scenario Sarab Gian (CA) compared to Zurich (CB). Additionally, Switzerland benefits from lower inflation and discount rates, leading to a 19.3% reduction in NPC and a 41% decrease in the cost of energy (COE) compared to Iran. This study emphasizes the economic feasibility of renewable energy in hybrid systems, particularly in regions with high fossil fuel costs and strict emission regulations.

Due to political, religious, and cultural issues, Iraqi society witnessed turmoil, destruction, and social unrest in the 1960s. Therefore, in his debut literary work, the novel “The Sky Was Blue, Ismail Fahd Ismail tried to reflect these depressing societal realities. Using generative structural theory, the study explained the causes of social alienation that led to the protagonist’s disloyalty and rage and feelings of hatred, aversion, and refusal to comply with society’s cultural, political, social, and religious norms. The study aimed to reveal the significant structure by deconstructing and analyzing the text’s constituent elements and demonstrating their connection to Iraq’s cultural and social realities, and also to show how the novelist embodied the Iraqi societal reality in the novel “The Sky Was Blue” using a descriptive analytical approach. The study concluded that, through narrative techniques, especially description and discourse, the author adopted the method of self-interrogation, questioning others and Istedraji interrogation, and to employ symbolic language and simile at some points, to reveal the Iraqi societal reality in the sixties; The significant structure of the text was the lack of stability, harmony, unity and stability in Iraqi society due to disintegration, decadence and class deterioration at that period.

This study presents the design and evaluation of a portable amperometric biosensor for detecting nitrates, utilizing a gold three-electrode system with immobilized nitrate reductase. With a sensitivity of 12.01 μA mM−1 cm−2 over a 0.16–0.96 mM range and a regression coefficient of 0.98, the biosensor outperforms traditional UV spectrophotometric methods (0.01–0.19 mM) by offering a broader range (0.16–0.96 mM) and greater accuracy, as evidenced by a 6.69% relative standard deviation for reproducibility and a detection limit of 0.14 mM. Maintaining 63% of its initial response after four days and showing minimal interference from nitrite (1 mM), this biosensor is highly suitable for water testing, although pre-treatment is required for analyzing food samples due to phenolic compounds.

Literature has a close relationship with society and its concoction such as individuals' behavior and functions. Therefore, not only is a literary work regarded as a pure artistic creation, but also it is a human activity with a social function. Paying attention to the role of literature in re- creation, criticism, and also its dynamics in relation to society, makes this functions more noticeable. When we consider social anthropology as the science of studying humans’ functions and their social relationships in a special structural format such as religious and political organization, family system and other systems; parallel to that, literature is a human construct that depicts society and the functions of individuals. Such an approach provides an appropriate field for anthropological researchers to gain deep knowledge of the structure of society and the social functions of people. It is not hidden from the view of "Khalil Mutran" who was interested in drawing Arabic poetry into issues related to society and human social roles. Based on this, through the approach of social criticism and in light of qualitative content analysis, this article intends to go through a social anthropological study of the roles of people in Mutran’s poetry. One of the most important findings of the research is that the roles of people in the society that Mutran spoke about were represented by involvement in the sphere of authority of the ruler out of fear and ignorance. This by itself prompted some people to raise the status of the ruler and give it legitimacy. On the other hand, people there did not have any will or determination to adopt rejection or to change reality, and they adapted to the current situation which by itself resulted in the stabilization of the ruling system prevailing in that period.

In the present study, a composite gel was prepared based on gelatin and sesame seed protein containing a fixed amount of oleosome. The different ratios of sesame protein to gelatin (30:70, 50:50, 70:30 w/w%) and a constant amount of 20% (w) oleosome were used to prepare the composite gel. Then the physicochemical properties of sesame seeds, oleosomes and their extraction efficiencies were determined. The rheological, textural and microstructural properties of the gels were also investigated. Protein and oleosome extraction efficiencies from sesame seeds were 21±1.23% and 68.96±1.41%, respectively. The results showed that the amount of sesame seed protein had significant effect on the gelation behavior and gel hardening, and the storage modulus and loss modulus increased in the samples with the decrease of the process temperature from 50 to 4 degrees Celsius. With the increase of sesame protein ratio, the amount of storage modulus and loss modulus at 4 degrees Celsius temperature increased from 258 pascals to 149400 pascals and from 46.7 pascals to 37648 pascals, respectively. The accumulation of protein molecules in the gel structure was observed with increasing the proportion of sesame protein to 70% by light microscope. The results of the present research confirm that sesame seed oleosome can be used as a substitute for fat particles in food products.

Sesame oil meal is a protein-rich by-product obtained from sesame seed oil extraction, which is seen as one of the cultivation wastes with high nutritional value and cheap price and is abundantly accessible in the agriculture industry. This product can also be used as a cheap substrate for the growth of Beneficial microorganisms including probiotics. This research examines the growth of Lactobacillus Plantarum As a probiotic in the sesame meal culture media under different incubation conditions to achieve the best microbial count of probiotic bacterium of Lactobacillus Plantarum. Sesame meal paste with an initial pH of 6.5 was used as the culture medium, with incubation conditions including aerobic conditions under three temperature rates of 30, 37 and 44°C for 48 hours. The findings revealed that the bacterium could grow in the sesame meal medium, increasing the microbial population to 108cfu/g at the end of fermentation under 30 and 37°C. Also, Lactobacillus Plantarum significantly reduced the pH of all fermented samples under all temperatures (p<0/05), with the pH decreasing by most around 4.85 at 37°C. The findings also suggested that the combination of fatty acids of the sesame meal culture medium changed due to Lactobacillus Plantarum growth. Fatty acids (C15:0), (C15:1), (C16:0), (C16:1), (C18:1t), (C18:1c), (C21:0) and (C24:1) increased significantly (p<0.05), whereas fatty acids (C14:1), (C17:0), (C18:1c), (C18:2c), (C20:0), (C18:3n3), (C20:1), (C22: 0) and (C24: 0) decreased significantly (p<0/05). In the meantime, fermentation helped produce (C17:1) and (C22:1) and consume linoleic acid. In sum, sesame meal can serve as a nutrient and cost-saving medium to grow Lactobacillus Plantarum.

Aflatoxins are important mycotoxins produced by some fungus spp and are resistant to heat treatments such as pasteurization; their concentration remains unchanged, causing threats for humans. In the present study, using differential pulse voltammetry, a pencil graphite electrode based on reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles has been developed to identify aflatoxin in raw camel milk. The behavior of functional electrodes in several processes has been analyzed using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results showed that stabilization of reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles caused a reduction in current peak and increment in impedance, while by aptamer stabilization and analyte, the current peak has been lowered and impedance increased. According to the differential pulse voltammetry technic, in the 5-800 ng/lit range, electrical current indicated a linear decrease by increasing concentration (R2 =0.991). Recovery was 90-94.5% for a produced biosensor in camel milk. The obtained quantitative detection limit was 3ng/lit. Investigation of functional characteristics, including reproducibility and repeatability, expressed acceptable results for a biosensor.

The properties of different materials used as planting substrate exert direct and indirect effects on crop growth and production. Hence, the selection of a suitable substrate is one of the most important factors in the success of production in soilless cultivation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of physical and chemical properties of different cultivation substrates on the growth and development of Crassula capitella. Thus, different organic and inorganic cultivation substrates such as sand, coco peat, charcoal, pumice, peat moss and zeolite were combined with each other in different ratios and tested. The measured traits were phytochemical compounds (chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoid, SOD activity level and MDA content), fresh weight and dry weight of root and shoot, and element uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). Based on the results of the present research, there was a significant difference in terms of plant height, wet and dry weight, nutrient uptake rate and enzyme activity between different cultivation substrates. The plants grown in substrate No. 10 (35 cc of fine pumice + 5 cc of coco peat + 5 cc of peat moss + 5 cc of charcoal) and substrate No. 1 (35 cc of 3-5-mm fine sand + 5 cc of coco peat + 5 cc of charcoal) showed the highest and lowest numerical values of the evaluated traits, respectively. The use of combinations containing pumice, coco peat and zeolites seems to prevent the wastage of nutrients and preserves nutrient ions, and therefore results in increasing the fertilizer efficiency and improving the nutrient uptake and maintaining moisture, and ultimately improves the plant growth.

Scientific journals are very important channels for knowledge spread and represent the achievements of the scientific community. The present study examines the quantitative status of articles in Journal of Lisan-i Mubin with the aim of identifying citation behavior and co-authorship relationships. The present research has been done through Documentary Research with scientometric approach. All articles in Journal of Lisan-i Mubin (2010-2019) have formed the present research population. The data were extracted from Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC) Database and analyzed using citation analysis techniques and co-authorship network. The co-authorship results’ analysis show that authors in this journal are very willing to make scientific collaboration. Dual authorship is the most common collaboration model used in this journal articles. Most of the collaborations among the journal’s authors are within the university and the collaborations are also from their own university. In addition, the current network does not have the desired coherence and density. In this journal, there is a positive and significant correlation between scientific communication and scientific productions variables, which shows that authors with more productions have more participation with other authors in preparing articles.Keywords: scientometrics, Citation analysis, scientific communication, co-authorship, Knowledge Map, Lisan-i Mubin

Regarding the novelty of the research, the importance of this branch of anthropology and its strategies in understanding the social investigates people, and since Mutran lived a reality plagued by the control of the Ottoman rulers, and this reality greatly affected the people's roles and social behaviors. This research consequently deals with the effects of social anthropology based on the method of qualitative content analysis. One of the results of this study is that the behavior of individuals is formed as a result of social socialization in which the society’s culture or political system is formed headed by an authoritarian king. Relations between individuals have a great relationship with authoritarian rule and this domination with the pyramidal structure has a significant role in various behaviors among individuals and leads to the domination of the policy of coercion by the ruler (the king) and submission of the people. The minister's daughter appears, which leads to the minister and his daughter‘s not accepting the truth. However this matter did not result in a change in the ruling on the contrary, it reveals its stability, as the authority of the ruler is as long as the authority that controls the people.

Due to the increasing use of biopolymers in food formulations, introducing new hydrocolloid sources has become particularly important. Numerous researches have been done on aqueous extraction or new extraction methods such as extraction with microwave pretreatment, but in most cases, the engineering part of these processes has been neglected. In this study, the main purpose was to investigate the mass transfer in the process of microwave-assisted extraction of galactomannan from two plant seeds using a new method known as inverse numerical method. To achieve this goal, the concentration of galactomannan extracted from both plant seeds was obtained against time and the experimental data and the data predicted by the software (based on the simulation) were compared which indicated proper convergence between these data. Effective parameters in mass transfer including dispersion coefficient (E), diffusion coefficient (D) and total mass transfer coefficient (kc) were in the range of 1.12 – 1.63×10-12, 2.30 – 3.28×10-8 and 1.54 – 2.25×10-7  m2/s for fenugreek galactomannan and 1.27 – 1.76×10-12, 2.55 – 3.52×10-8 and 1.85 – 2.30×10-7m2/s for Gleditsia caspica galactomannan. The difference between the values obtained for the two galactomannans could be attributed to the seed type, hardness or softness of the seed wall and characteristics of the target component. According to the obtained results, inverse numerical method could be introduced as an acceptable and effective method for modeling of the extraction process of both galactomannans.

Extraction of hydrocolloids from plant seeds is important due to the increased consumption of these compounds in the formulation of food products. Ultrasound-assisted extraction has become very popular due to its many advantages, one of the most important of which is to increase the extraction efficiency of the biopolymers. The aim of this research was to use inverse numerical method to estimate the effective parameters in mass transfer related to the ultrasound-assisted extraction of galactomannan form two plant seeds including fenugreek and Gleditsia caspica. To achieve this goal, the concentration of galactomannan extracted from both plant seeds was obtained against time and the experimental data and the data predicted by the software (based on the simulation) were compared which had proper convergence. Effective parameters in mass transfer including dispersion coefficient (E), diffusion coefficient (D) and total mass transfer coefficient (kc) were in the range of 1.21 – 1.52×10-12, 2.39 – 3.05×10-8 and 1.18 – 1.85×10-7m2/s for fenugreek galactomannan and 1.31 – 1.54×10-12, 2.63 – 3.11×10-8 and 1.46 – 1.95×10-7m2/s for Gleditsia caspica galactomannan. The difference between the values obtained for the two galactomannans could be attributed to the seed type, hardness or softness of the seed wall and characteristics of the target component. According to the obtained results, inverse numerical method could be introduced as an acceptable and effective method for modeling of the extraction process of both galactomannans.

In this study, turkey breast meat was thawed by using the immersion ohmic method in three different treatments (66V, brine concentration 0.186% W/V), (120 V, brine concentration 0.186% W/V) and (120 V, brine concentration 0.25% W/V). The effect of this method on the growth rate of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria after thawing, were compared with traditional methods of thawing; Air (25°C) and water (40°C). Thawing time for air, water, ohmic (66 V, brine concentration 0.186% W/V), ohmic (120 V, brine concentration 0.186% W/V), and ohmic (120 V, brine concentration 0.25% W/V); 398 S, 107 S, 113 S, 97 S and 91 S were obtained, respectively, which indicated a significant decrease in the thawing time using the ohmic method compared to the traditional thawing methods. Also, with the increase in voltage, the thawing time to reach the set temperature decreased, but the effect of increasing brine concentration on the decrease of thawing time was insignificant. The results showed a significant reduction in the thawing time using the ohmic method. The results of analysis of variance of a completely random design indicated that the effect of different thawing treatments on the growth of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria was significant at the probability level of 1%. In the results of the mean comparison test between different treatments, a significant difference was observed at the five percent probability level. In ohmic thawing, with increasing voltage and brine concentration, the growth rate of bacteria was significantly reduced compared to other treatments. The lowest survival rates of mesophilic bacteria and psychrophilic bacteria, and also the shortest thawing time was observed in ohmic treatment of 120 volts in brine concentration of 0.25% W/V.

Use of pectin has attracted interests in food and nutraceutical industries, owing to its positive effects on stability of dairy drinks and potential health benefits to humans. Furthermore, demands for the production of stable fermented milk drinks during storage period is high. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess effects of apple and pomegranate pectins as stabilizers on various characteristics of probiotic yogurt drinks.

Apple and pomegranate pectins at concentrations of 0-0.5% (w v-1) were added to the probiotic yogurt drinks containing 2% of inulin and 12% of pomegranate juice. Then, rheological behavior, particle size distribution and stability of probiotic yogurt drinks were studied during storage.

Control (treatments with no pectin addition) and probiotic yogurt drinks containing pomegranate pectin (0.1-0.5%) showed Newtonian flow behavior and liquid-like behavior over the frequency range. Probiotic yogurt drinks with apple pectin included shear-thinning flow behavior, gel-like network at low frequencies and mean size particleof 50 m. The highest G' and G" and stabilities during the storage were achieved in samples containing 0.5% of apple pectin. Results demonstrated that apple pectin included great potentials to be used in industrial production of probiotic yogurt drinks as it improved rheological properties and storage stability of the products. Therefore, use of 0.5% apple pectin is suggested in fermented milk drinks

This study investigated the possibility of developing a novel functional sesame paste based dessert bearing probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus paracasei and Bifidobacterium lactis). Probiotics viability in the dessert as well as pH, acidity, texture and microstructure modifications were investigated during 28 days of cold storage. Cell viability investigation showed that the medium preserved cell viability above 106 CFU/mL during cold storage. The pH and acidity of inoculated desserts have been modified through storage. Flow behavior and texture analysis showed that desserts inoculated with B. lactis showed higher yield stresses and creep elasticity, due to the exertion of polysaccharides by the bacteria. L. paracasei exhibited lower pH values and reduced the creep viscosity and elasticity, due to changes in molecular interactions. Microstructure analysis of the samples showed that the oil was in the form of emulsion and proteins were dispersed in the continuous aqueous phase. According to the results of this study, it is concluded that the exploitation of mixed cultures in the dessert formulation could guarantee acceptable probiotic viability and provide better texture attributes.

In this study, different ultrasound cycles (0, 25, 50 and 75%) were separately applied to optimize the thawing process of frozen egg whites. Frozen egg white samples with temperatures of -30.0 ± 0.5 °C were placed in an ultrasonic bath at 30 °C with ultrasound frequency of 18 kHz to record temperature changes. The experimental data were modeled using OpenFOAM software coupled with the Dakota tool, by a numerical inverse method. The outputs of the inverse modeling were involved fitted heat transfer coefficient and numerical temperature data. The results showed that the use of ultrasonic waves increased the heat transfer coefficient and reduced the thawing process duration. Increasing the sonication duty cycle increased the heat transfer coefficient and further reduced the thawing time, so that the heat transfer coefficient increased from 105.2 to 128.8 W/m2K in 50% cycle without using ultrasound, and to 126.7 W/m2K in 75% cycle and also process time was reduced from 3280 s in absent of ultrasound to 2473 (s) in 75% cycle with the use of ultrasound. Comparison of the model data with the experimental data indicated that there was a high agreement between them (R2>0.97), which can be used in other similar foods. The inverse modeling method can be widely used to determine heat transfer coefficient by fitting experimental data with numerical ones.

The duration of surgery in orthopedic surgeries is often longer than one hour. Therefore, these patients are at further risk of complications induced by general anesthesia. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of anesthesia complications in orthopedic surgeries and its related factors. 

This cross-sectional study was performed on 400 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan Province, Iran, in 2020. The study subjects were recruited by convenience sampling and included those who underwent general anesthesia for elective surgery and were transferred to Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). The research instruments included a demographic questionnaire and a checklist for recording complications (shivering, pain, nausea, vomiting, & vital signs). The necessary data were recorded after the patient was admitted to the PACU, as well as half an hour and one hour later. The obtained data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test, Independent Samples t-test, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient, and logistic regression analysis in SPSS v. 16.

The present research results suggested that the most and least frequent complications were vomiting (91.8%) and changes in blood pressure (5%), respectively. Gender was significantly associated with pain, nausea, and hypertension (P<0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficient data indicated a significant relationship between the duration of anesthesia and the mean scores of shivering, pain, nausea, tachycardia, and tachypnea (P<0.05). There was also a significant relationship between the types of surgery and shivering, pain, blood pressure, and nausea (P<0.05). Pulse rate was significantly associated with complete intravenous anesthesia and the duration of anesthesia (P<0.05).

The relatively high incidence of post-anesthesia complications in orthopedic surgeries indicates the significance of employing skilled personnel as well as using adequate monitoring equipment at the PACU. Such measures help to decrease mortality and morbidity among patients, also save on hospital costs.

Milk, from its production to consumption, is exposed to a variety of microbial and chemical contaminants. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is one of the most important contaminants in milk, which has always received attention due to its carcinogenic and destructive effects on the consumer. Accordingly, the rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective identification of AFM1 in milk is essential. In the present paper, an electrochemical aptasensor based on screen printed electrode (SPE) modified with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was proposed to identify AFM1 in cow milk samples. SPE was activated by applying a potential within the range of -1.5 to +1 V versus the reference electrode at a scan rate of 200 mV/s for 5 continuous cycles in the 0.5 M sulfuric acid and 0.1 M potassium chloride solution. Changes of the electrode surface at different stages of preparation were assessed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. Using CV in optimal conditions, it was found that the aptasensor presents a concentration range of 100-700 ng/l and a limit of detection (LOD) of 50 ng/l.  There was a linear relationship between changes of the current peak (∆I) and analyte concentration. This relationship follows the regression equation of ∆I=0.0209C+2.14 (R²=0.9897). Calculation of the relative standard deviation (RSD=3.2%) indicated the acceptable repeatability of the electrochemical aptasensor. The current peak was obtained to be 7.4% in the investigation of RSD reproducibility, indicating the good reproducibility of the electrochemical aptasensor. The obtained results showed that the aptasensor response after 8 days has only reduced by 7% compared to the first day, indicating the desirable stability of the aptasensor. The recovery percentage range for cow milk samples at concentrations of 100 and 200 ng/l was obtained to be 86.5 and 93%, respectively, showing the acceptable recovery percentage of the electrochemical aptasensor.

The goal of this study was to investigate the most suitable kinetic models for pectin extraction by way of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and conventional heating extraction (CHE) with acid from melon peel. The ultrasound and acidic assisted extraction were performed on powdered melon peel in three different temperatures of 40-55-70°C and 50-70-90°C, respectively. It was observed that, in the UAE method, pectin yield increased significantly in a shorter time compared to CHE which reached its peak at a lower temperature so UAE can be considered as more reasonable method. The experimental data (pectin yield versus time) were suited to a variety of kinetic models by linear regression. The total extract yields from melon peel by UAE and CHE among five conditions displayed the closest fit in the condition of pH=2 at temp 55 ˚C to the power law model (R2 = 0.92) and in the condition of pH=2 at temp 70 ˚C to the parabolic diffusion model (R2 = 0.94), respectively. The theoretical models expressed the extractability, dissolution and degradation rates of pectin, and investigated the extraction kinetics. When ultrasound and acidic procedures were applied simultaneously a synergetic effect between heating and extractability, dissolution and degradation of pectin was observed leading to a higher yield (34.18%), extractable pectin (37.45%), degradation rate (0.23%), dissolution rate (5.37%), with a shorter extraction time (61.28 min).

Since the application of language theory has a special interest to the texture and the origin of the word in the context, one of the issues that it deals with in its studies, is paying attention to the strategies that the speaker has used to achieve his/her purpose. Occasionally, the speaker uses these linguistic tools to surrender their goals and goes beyond the framework of the command rules and gives them new meanings. This research seeks to study Ahmed Abdel Muti's strategy in applying verbs. Since this application is closely related to the goals of the poet and textures of his words, the best way to do this is to use the methodology of pragmatics (i.e. the way language is applied). The most important results achieved by this research is that the thoughts and spirit of the poet play a significant role in using verbs, because sometimes these verbs have been removed from their original time, indicating time and meaning, which clearly illustrate the purpose of his poet and psyche. So, it is not possible to examine all the verbs of the verse used in the poet's poems based on syntactic rules, but understanding their meanings requires paying attention to the poet and his word of thought. In addition, in some of his poems, the poet has put the verb apocryphal as a means to express the purpose and his feelings in some of his elegies

Acetoin production, by beneficial rhizobacteria, plays an important role in plant growth and resistance to plant pathogens. The aim of this work was to optimize the nutritional conditions using statistically based experimental designs for the production of B. subtilis GB03 acetoin.

Eight components of the medium and cultivation conditions were examined for their significance on the production of acetoin using the Plackett–Burman experimental design. Steepest ascent experiments were employed to approach the optimal region of the three factors and a central composite design was applied to determine their optimal levels.

Results indicated that glucose, ammonium phosphate and agitation speed had significant effects on the acetoin production. The significant medium components in our optimization medium were 75.91 g/l of glucose, 5.79 g/l of ammonium phosphate, and 213rpm of agitation speed. The maximum acetoin concentration of 26.1 g/l at 40 h was obtained. Volatiles emitted from bacteria on optimized medium showed phytotoxicity on Arabidopsis seedlings. Result revealed that 1 ppm of acetoin was the best for the promotion of plant growth. Discussion and

Statistical experimental designs appeared to be an influential tool for optimization of fermentation conditions to enhance the acetoin production. However, volatile components secreted from the bacteria in the optimized medium showed some degree of phytotoxicity on Arabidopsis seedlings.

Critical analysis of journals is a principled process in spreading knowledge and promoting the quality of scientific researches; therefore, scientific publications need to be criticized on the basis of the correct way of critical thinking. The purpose of this research is to review the articles No. 6 to 17 of the Journal of Translation Studies on Arabic Language and Literature by using the Quantitative Content Analysis method. Therefore, using a questionnaire designed by the Human Sciences Institute and Cultural Studies, 61 articles of this journal were criticized and analyzed using quantitative content analysis. The findings of the research show that the "reviewing translations" with 49% statistic has the most frequent subject of the journal. The journal trend in 2017 was toward translation critique based on the existing theories and is outstanding in evaluating cultural subjects. The journal has had a lot of evaluated attributes in 2016; and particularly in 2017 has prevailed reflecting the growing trend of the magazine. The articles in 2016 in terms of title, writing introduction, innovation and theoretical foundations of research, and in 2017 in terms of research method, the method of collecting the analysis, adherence to the method, referring to the article, thesis and databases have had a better performance. The most of shortcomings are as follows: Selecting inappropriate research method and not to adhere to it in the main body of the article, not to explain the theoretical foundations of the research, not to have a critical and analytical approach, to be descriptive the research background and not to update the sources of the articles.

In this paper the effect of different milling processes (high shear blender, ceramic mill and ball mill, and stone mill) on the structure and size distribution of sesame paste particles was investigated and rheological properties of the resulting paste samples were analyzed. Sesame paste was a fluid suspension of protein–oil. The results indicated that the stone mill for 10 min in comparison to other mill processing can significantly affect on size reduction of the particles in sesame paste, improving the rheological properties and stability of the product. The results indicated that the colloidal stability of sesame paste was improved by decreasing the median particle size to values below 5 µm. Shear thinning behaviors were observed for different sesame paste samples. Creep test showed that the elastic structure of sesame paste changed to a viscous behavior with decreasing particle size that was also related to the milling method. Whiteness (L-values) of sesame paste decreased with the reduction of particle size.

The present article intends to study and analyze the ancestral characters in Ali Foudeh's – Palestinian contemporary poet – odes. Thus it considers the experience relationship of these characters with Ali Foudeh's spiritual, social and political experiences. According to the results of the research, Ali Foudeh has been affected by some ancestral characters or religious characters such as Moses and Bilal ibn Rabah, mythical characters such as Cleopatra and Sinbad and literary characters such as Saalik and Urwah and tried to call for them in his odes to not only express his effective political and social experiences but also adds to the effectiveness of his odes. The results have come in analytical method out of some literal, political, psychological and social sources.

Knowledge, proficiency, and attitude are three main principles in developing entrepreneurship. These three issues has widely been effective in entrepreneurship in non-humanistic fields. However, they are overlooked in humanities and need to be reanalyzed in general and specifically in ALL. After exploring the problems in the field, the present research has been carried out in order to look for resolutions to actuate proper conditions for entrepreneurship in the field of ALL and has resulted to the establishment of entrepreneurship team in the department at Shiraz University in 2010. The execution documents were passed and organizational roles were defined after multiple meetings. This effort showed that entrepreneurship should be defined as part of the syllabus of ALL department in different universities around the country, Moreover, the attitude among students and university professors should be changed in order for new opportunities to arise. The present research has implications for ALL department and suggests that entrepreneurship teams be formed to create new job opportunities in ALL across the country, and maintains that the potential in the field should be presented to the society.