hossein nazemi

Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training with modern educational tools is very important to save the lives of people who need CPR in the adolescent age group. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of CPR training by face-to-face and electronic methods on the skills of secondary school students.

The statistical population included all nursing students of Tabas School of Nursing in 2018.  Sixty-two samples were selected by simple random sampling method and were assigned to  two groups of electronic education (31 people) and face-to-face education (31 people). The data collection tool was a questionnaire which included a demographic section and a checklist of CPR and Automated external defibrillator (AED) skills related to CPR. Then, both groups completed the questionnaires before, one week after, and two months after the intervention. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and independent t-test was used after ensuring normality. A significance level of P> 0.05 was considered.

The average score of CPR skill before the intervention and one week after the intervention in both electronic and face-to-face training groups had no statistically significant difference (P=0.412). In both electronic and face-to-face training methods, the average CPR skill score increased significantly before and two months after the intervention, and the average score of the face-to-face training group was higher (P=0.05).

Considering the higher mean intervention scores in both electronic and face-to-face education methods, it seems that the educational intervention after two months has improved the level of students' knowledge and skills in the field of CPR.

Anodizing is a common method for increasing the adhesion of aluminum surfaces. However, if we heat the manufactured products before adhering due to the hydration of the anodized coating, cracking, and morphological changes, the adhesive capacity will be greatly reduced. As part of the research presented in this study, methods such as non-sealing of the anodize, primer application before heating the coating, sandblasting before and after the anodizing coating, and use of FPL (Forest Products Laboratory) replacement coating have been used to investigate the adhesive behavior of the coating. According to the results, not sealing the anodized coating and priming it before heating will increase the adhesiveness of the coating in all cases. Sandblasting after coating had no significant impact on adhesion. Sandblasting before anodizing improves adhesion by altering the texture of roughness and morphology. FPL can also be used to replace anodized coatings. They were less sensitive to heating and storage.

Today, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training is highly important to save the lives of people in need of CPR by those present at the scene, and it is useful to study new training tools in this field. This study aimed to determine and compare the effect of basic CPR face-to-face and electronic training on the self-efficacy of high school students.

This randomized controlled field trial study was conducted on second-grade high school students in Tabas, Iran, referring to high schools by an announced call. The samples (n=62) were randomly selected and divided into two groups of e-learning and face-to-face training (n=31 each). Both groups completed the Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale at the baseline and 1 week and 2 months after the training intervention. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) using statistical measures of mean and standard deviation and statistical tests of t-test, Chi-square, and repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results showed that both e-learning and face-to-face training methods significantly increased the self-efficacy of high school students in CPR in 1 week and 2 months after training. In addition, a significant difference was observed between the two methods regarding the mean score of basic CPR self-efficacy 1 week after the intervention (P<0.001).

Considering the benefits of e-learning on students' CPR learning, this method should be used seriously for basic CPR self-efficacy training.

Laboratory and field experiments have shown that dispersivity is one of the key parameters in contaminant transport in porous media and varies with elapsed time. This time-dependence can be shown using a time-variable dispersivity function. The advantage of this function as opposed to constant dispersivity is that it has at least two coefficients that increase the accuracy of the dispersivity prediction. In this study, longitudinal dispersivity values were obtained for the conservative NaCl solute transport in a laboratory porous medium saturated with tap water. The results showed that the longitudinal dispersivity initially increased with time (pre-asymptotic stage) and eventually reached a constant value (asymptotic stage). Four functions were used to investigate the time variations of dispersivity: linear, power, exponential and logarithmic. In general, because of the linear increase of dispersivity during a long time of transport, the linear function with R2=0.97 showed better time variations than the other three functions; the logarithmic function, having an asymptotic nature, predicted the asymptotic stage successfully (R2=0.95). The ratio of the longitudinal dispersivity to the medium length was not constant during the transport process and varied from 0.01 to 0.05 cm with elapsed time.