iraj mohammad fam

 Modeling with methods based on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence can help understand the complex relationships between ergonomic risk factors and employee health. The aim of this study was to use ML methods to estimate the effect of individual factors, ergonomic interventions, quality of work life (QWL), and productivity on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the neck area of office workers.

Study Design: 

A quasi-randomized control trial.

 To measure the impact of interventions, modeling with the ML method was performed on the data of a quasi-randomized control trial. The data included the information of 311 office workers (aged 32.04±5.34). Method neighborhood component analysis (NCA) was used to measure the effect of factors affecting WMSDs, and then support vector machines (SVMs) and decision tree algorithms were utilized to classify the decrease or increase of disorders.

 Three classified models were designed according to the follow-up times of the field study, with accuracies of 86.5%, 80.3%, and 69%, respectively. These models could estimate most influencer factors with acceptable sensitivity. The main factors included age, body mass index, interventions, QWL, some subscales, and several psychological factors. Models predicted that relative absenteeism and presenteeism were not related to the outputs.

 In this study, the focus was on disorders in the neck, and the obtained models revealed that individual and management interventions can be the main factors in reducing WMSDs in the neck. Modeling with ML methods can create a new understanding of the relationships between variables affecting WMSDs.

Today, white-collar workers endure a variety of job stress. These factors can cause musculoskeletal problems, threaten aspects of occupational health, and reduce productivity. This study aimed to examine the effect of ergonomic training interventions on the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), job contents, work-life quality, and productivity in knowledge-based companies.

This study was conducted using quasi-randomized control trial method in 2019-2020. Four groups were included in the study: Ergonomics training, management training, combined interventions, and control group. The participants included 311 office workers who were randomly divided into four groups. Outcome measures were measured in follow-up periods. Repeated-measure ANOVAs was employed to analyze the results.

Interventions performed on neck (P=0.001), right shoulder (P=0.001), left shoulder (P=0.002), and right upper extremity (P<0.025) were associated with significant improvements in MSDs. The interventions significantly increased the control and social support (P=0.001), though they did not affect the psychological demands. The quality of work-life increased significantly in the first month of follow-up, but the long-term trend showed a decline.

Combined interventions significantly increased absolute presenteeism. Simultaneous implementation of individual and managerial ergonomics revealed a greater impact on reducing MSDs and a broader impact on job content and presenteeism.

This study aims to develop and create a tool based on factor analysis to assess safety culture in the processing industry.

This study was conducted in the petrochemical industry in 2021. The questionnaires were distributed among 312 employees, supervisors, and managers, and 308 of them were completed. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by content and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis), and its reliability was determined by calculating the internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach’s α) and conducting a pilot study. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the relationship between the dimensions of safety culture and the dimensions themselves.

The results showed that 62.4% of participants were under 45 years old and 71.2% of them had more than 10 years of work experience. The obtained content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were 0.88 and 0.91, respectively. The results of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that six questions were assigned to each dimension of safety culture in the questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a P of 0.001 and the overall goodness index of root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.07 and the goodness indices of adaptive fit, including good fit index (GFI), comparative fit index (CFI), and normal fit index (NFI) were 0.95, 0.97, and 0.95, respectively. 

Based on the results, a safety culture assessment instrument was developed, including 10 dimensions and 60 items. The results of factor analysis showed that the built-in instrument is highly useful to assess safety culture. In addition, these results showed that safety culture has the strongest relationship with the priority of focusing on health, safety, and environment (HSE) and the weakest relationship with the dimension of collaboration and involvement.

Strategic management involves determining the organization’s direction, preparing a strategic vision and mission statement, and providing the basis for growth, profitability, and production. It also includes the inclusion of employee safety and health programs throughout the organization. The existence of a strategic plan for the scientific and practical strengthening of occupational health and safety is one of the country’s academic and industrial priorities. The purpose of this study is to present a strategic plan for developing the specialized field of occupational health and safety engineering in Iran.

The current study is a collaborative action research study that was conducted in 2021. The strategic planning committee consisted of 20 professors, experts, and doctoral students. Over the course of 14 weeks, they held regular weekly meetings, collected information from inside and outside the organization, analyzed the organization’s internal and external environment, and identified its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Based on this analysis, the committee determined the organization’s mission, perspective, values, and general and specific goals for 2021-2024. They also identified the necessary measures to achieve these goals and developed an operational plan to improve the performance of the specialized field of occupational health and safety.

Conducting this applied research led to the strategy of internal and external analysis of the specialized OHS field, determining the direction of the basic strategy, mission, perspective, values, and general goals. Finally, seven specific goals and 286 actions were determined to improve the performance of OHS. The SWOT analysis of OHS’s internal and external environment identified 27 strengths, seven weaknesses, 26 opportunities, and 12 threats. According to the results of the SWOT matrix, the strategic position of the OHS field is to implement preventive strategies and maintain existing conditions.

This plan aligns with the 4-year OHS plan. In developing the program, attention has been paid to the documents and policies of upstream organizations. The strategic position of occupational health and safety engineering is a prudent strategy. In this situation, strategies for maintaining existing conditions can be applied. Therefore, it is suggested to reduce the weaknesses of OHS as much as possible and increase its strategic capabilities by focusing on prudent strategies. From the second year of implementing the strategic plan, the OHS field can gradually focus on developing activities.

Apart from the economic costs associated with high accident rates, the occurrence of major work-related injuries may also have a serious impact on the internal and external credibility of the organization and its activities and services/products. It seems that the cause of an accident cannot be simply related to a specific action performed by an individual, but rather due to the interaction of different individual and organizational conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of individual and organizational factors on the improvement of health, safety, and environmental (HSE) behaviors of the executive staff of Tehran Municipality. The statistical population of this study was executive staff, including 137 staff and municipal services in Tehran Municipality with a number of about 1000 people.

The data collection tool in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the research literature. To investigate the effect of individual and organizational factors on improving employee behavior, the structural equation technique was used using Smart-Pls software.

The results showed that individual factors (attitude towards behavior, awareness, knowledge, and perceived risk) and organizational factors (management commitment, HSE atmosphere, HSE culture, and effective communication) are effective in improving the behavior of the Tehran Municipality executive staff. As a result.

It is necessary for employees to learn the steps of the behavioral safety process and its strategy, and on the other hand, the organization should provide a platform for the whole system to participate in the safety process.

Providing safe and high-quality care during crises such as natural disasters, conflicts, or epidemics should always be one of the fundamental goals of a health care system. In health care, in addition to patients, employees are also affected. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the state of HSE culture and its relationship with the infection of Covid-19 in health and treatment centers.

The current cross-sectional-analytical research was conducted using the standard HSE safety culture questionnaire and the PCR test to measure employees' exposure to Covid-19. The study subjects were randomly selected for investigation. In the following, SPSS version 22 software was used to analyze the data.

This study's participants were 452 employees working in the Corona Center Hospital of Borujerd city with an average age and standard deviation of 33.97 ± 5.69. The mean and standard deviation of the overall HSE culture score was 172.64 ± 23.53, 7.1% of people had a negative HSE culture, and 92.9% had a positive HSE culture. Examining the condition of covid-19 infection shows that 70.1% of people are infected with the virus. The results of multivariable linear regression showed that with increasing age, the overall score of HSE culture decreases (p-value=0.0001).

The results showed that the HSE culture in the health workers of the studied hospital is at a high level. The variables of age, history of accidents, illness, and job type affect the HSE culture score.

Human error is the leading cause of accidents in industries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety culture and model the factors affecting it in a process industry using the structural equation modeling.

In this cross-sectional study, safety culture was assessed using ten dimensions’ questionnaire constructed by researchers with Likert-scale. This study was conducted in a petrochemical industry in 2021. Questionnaires were distributed among 312 employees and 308 questionnaires were completed. SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 were used to analyze the data.

The safety culture score was calculated to be 3.35. The results of SEM demonstrated that the factor loadings of the effect of income, education, and work experience on safety culture were 0.322, 0.445, and 0.328, respectively, and the factor loadings of the effects of education, work experience, and age on accident experience were -0.336, -0.312, and -0.214, respectively. The relationship between safety culture and accident experience had a factor loading of -0.477, and GFI was 0.97.

The results of the safety culture assessment indicated that this organization has a positive safety culture, with a high score related to the dimensions of utilizing protective equipment, training and understanding of issues, and the commitment of managers and supervisors. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that education, income, and work experience all have a positive impact on safety culture. Accident experience was inversely related to factors such as age, education, and work experience, and safety culture was likewise inversely correlated to accident experience.

More than 90% of goods movement in Iran is done by road transport. A significant part of these materials is dangerous goods. Considering that chlorine gas is considered a toxic and oxidizing substance, predicting the way of release and mortality due to accidental leakage of chlorine gas can be a crucial tool in adopting preventive strategies. This study aims to evaluate the safety of chlorine gas transportation and analyze the consequences of its release.

This cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted in 2020 in Tehran. The transportation risk rating index was used to measure and evaluate the quantitative risk of transportation of hazardous materials. PHAST software was used to determine the consequence of possible accident scenarios on the transportation route. In the final stage, according to the amount of traffic, the time and manner of response to emergencies by the fire and emergency organization were simulated using Pathfinder software.

In this evaluation, the chlorine risk rating was calculated as 192. The worst possible scenario was a catastrophic rupture of chlorine in the second half of 2021. As a result of the accident, up to a radius of 1800 m from the center of the leak, the dangerous concentration is equal to 20 ppm, that is, equal to the ERPG3 limit. The simulation results showed that the release of poisonous chlorine gas leads to the death of 10% of people up to a radius of 192 m around the scenario.

In the scenario of the sudden release of chlorine, in which people need to escape and move away from the accident site, it was found that it takes more than 24 minutes to leave the ERPG-3 area. Considering that the assumed average speed of 1.15 m/s is the average speed of people and naturally the speed of sensitive people is much lower in the conditions of an accident, it can be concluded that in the scenario of a sudden leak, a significant part of the people involved in the accident may suffer severe and irreparable damage.

Transportation of dengerous goods in metroplices can be led to catastrophic accidents. Transporation risk assessment of such materials and determination of the consequences resultion of their possible accidents can prevent from probable accidents and help to manage in a good manner their consequences. In this regard, TRRI method was used for estimation of the quantitative risk index. Assessment and analysis of determinental damages resulting from accidents of sudden discharge of such hazardous materials were performed by PHAST software. furthermore, Pathfinder software was used to simulate people's reactions, condition management and how far they were from the accident zone. Assessing the risk of transportation of jet fuel using the TRRI method showed that the risk was estimated to be 144. Consequence analysis showed that in the scenario of sudden discharge of fuel in the first six months of the year, the consequence of the explosion of a jet fuel tanker up to a radius of 120 meters could cause an irreparable damage to surrounding buildings.Findings resulting from this simulation showed that in the pool fire scenario of the people who are exposed to 12.5 Kw/m2 radiation in the first and second half of  year in the sudden discharge scenario will not suffer first or second degree burns. Given the significant road transport of hazardous materials and the high severity of the consequences of probable accidents in the intracity transport of jet fuel, designing a safe transport time of materials along with determining safer routes can reduce risk of such incidents.

Today, contractors are required to submit an HSE Plan before starting a project, and HSE officials in organizations must be able to develop an HSE Plan. Due to the lack of a specific format for the development of the HSE Plan, to avoid personal preferences, save time and money, and include the necessary parts, the present study aimed to provide a consistent model for users to develop a specific HSE-Plan using suitable software.

First, the main framework of HSE-Plan was determined by searching various databases and including expert opinions. In the next step, the idea generation and design of the portal were done. Afterward, the required basic information was entered into the program and different parts of the program were designed according to the requirements of each section. Finally, the software was validated by testing it in a provincial power distribution company.

According to the input options, as well as the subject of the project and its specific requirements, the outputs were designed to suit different projects, and after entering the required information for each section, the output HSE-Plan was displayed.

This software helps the user to define appropriate goals and policies for the organization and identify the relevant requirements by entering information such as risk assessment data and the results of occupational accidents, and finally the collection of these materials creates the plan required by users.

Emergency evacuation planning is one of the most central protective measures in emergency situations. Determination of the emergency muster points is one of the principal requirements of emergency evacuation planning. In this regard, this study aimed to represent a framework for determining emergency muster points in process industries.

After examining various texts, the effective criteria for determining emergency muster points were identified, and the relative weight of each criterion was calculated using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method. Finally, the fuzzy technique for order preference by the similarity of an ideal solution (FTOPSIS) method was utilized to prioritize and determine optimal emergency muster points.

According to the calculations by the FAHP method, from the total 12 criteria surveyed in this study, the first eight criteria from any factors with the highest weight were introduced as the most significant factors. The criteria of external factors affected relative weights, dis-tances from the hazard centers, prevailing wind conditions, nature of probable scenarios, and the presence of vulnerable groups. On the other hand, the criteria of internal factors included the potential impact of the accident, easy accessibility, visibility, and monitoring, as well as travel time.

Identification and evaluation of emergency muster points shall be made based on distances from the hazard centers, prevailing wind conditions, nature of probable scenarios, presence of vulnerable groups, the potential impact of the accident, easy accessibility, visibility, and monitoring, as well as travel time.

Risk assessment is a scale for predicting reliability and can manage interactions between components and process variables. Moreover, the reliability of one component or barrier affects the overall risk of the system. Being one of the most critical safety barriers of the storage tank, the failures of Fixed Foam Systems (FFS) on demand can result in severe consequences. FFS, is of grave importance in decreasing the risks associated with fires and damages.

This study aims to determine the probability of root causes related to FFS failure through Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FFTA) to estimate system reliability. In conventional fault tree analysis, accurate data is usually used to assess the failure probability of basic events. Therefore, the introduced approaches were employed to quantify failure probabilities and uncertainty handling. Finally, system reliability was estimated according to the failure probability of the top event.

The findings showed that 13 baseline events involved FFS performance. According to the results, failures of cable path and detection system (or resistance temperature detectors), set the activation switch (multi-position) incorrectly, and foam makers not continuously running are the three most critical basic events influencing the reliability of fixed foam systems. In addition, this paper estimated the system reliability at 0.8470.

The results showed that the FFTA could be used in matters such as reliability evaluation failure and risk assessment using experts’ judgment. This paper can also show the adaptation of the fuzzy approach to assess the failure probability of the basic event in the fault tree analysis (FTA).

Occupational accidents are one of the most important risk factors for developing countries. In addition to designing preventive measures to prevent accidents, comprehensive research of accidents is considered as an undeniable necessity to reduce the risk of accidents. Thus, the first step is to find the root causes of their occurrence, which will certainly be possible with the use of appropriate techniques.

In this study, first, the appropriate criteria for designing the accident analysis method were collected. In the second step, commonly used techniques were collected through known databases. In the third step, the collected techniques were scaled based on the selected criteria using the TOPSIS method, and ultimately, the new method (FAM) was developed. Finally, by analyzing three different accidents with the developed technique and four other common techniques, as well as using the ANP method, the developed technique was tested and confirmed.

Based on the studies conducted to identify appropriate criteria for comparing accident analysis techniques, finally 6 criteria were selected for to be used in the study process. According to the findings, the FAM method with a normal final weight of 0.2684 was considered the priority in occupational accident analysis.

The output of this study was the introduction of the FAM technique. Using the strengths of the four techniques and covering their weaknesses, this technique can help identify and determine the causes of accidents graphically, systematically, and by minimizing the work attitude of analysts at three levels.

The gravity point of all management systems in the new approach of global worldwide standards includes management and assessment of risks and opportunities. Although the spread of COVID-19 as a global pandemic has threatened the health of the workforce and caused catastrophic human and economic consequences, the occurrence of this global challenge has also created opportunities to pay more attention to the risk assessment of biological harmful agents in the workplace. Therefore, this study was designed and implemented to analyze the risk of COVID-19 based on fuzzy logic.

This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 5 hospitals and health-treatment centers in Qom City, Iran (2019). The study sample included 247 employees of these medical centers. The risk assessment of COVID-19 is based on the rapid COVID-19 hazard analysis (RCHA) technique in which the risk level is calculated based on the three components of disease probability, consequence severity, and health belief level. Also, the data were analyzed using fuzzy logic.

The results of the fuzzy analysis of COVID-19 risk in these medical centers showed that the studied subjects were placed in five risk levels, including 10.5, 16.25, 26.75, 38.5, and 56.0. These results revealed that the group of nurses is at the highest risk of COVID-19 compared to the other seven groups working in medical centers. The definite risk of COVID-19 among people in this group was calculated at four levels equal to 16.25, 26.75, 38.5, and 56.0.

The results of fuzzy analysis of COVID-19 risk indicated that the three groups of nurses, patient carriers, and ward services have the highest risk, respectively. Therefore, these groups should be prioritized in providing suitable solutions to prevent this disease.

One of the essential and critical elements for efficient and effective management of emergencies is anticipation and identification of possible types of emergencies. As such, a framework for anticipating and identifying emergencies was designed and tested in two process industries in the form of a case study.

At first, methods for identifying emergency preparedness and their evaluation criteria were extracted and prioritized with a two-stage fuzzy approach. A fuzzy inference system was then used to calculate the weight of the experts’ opinions. To prioritize the methods, the inputs related to the second fuzzy system were estimated and the final score of the methods was calculated by entering the mentioned variables into the fuzzy system.

The findings pertaining to the final ranking of the methods indicated that, “list of catastrophic accidents and near-misses of the organization’s lifespan”, “MIMAH” and “risk assessment and management” had the highest scores among the identified methods with the final scores of 0.754, 0.750 and 0.725, respectively.

Using this approach will help in more accurate identification of potential emergencies. Consequently, this will lead to the prevention of imposed damages caused by the situation as well as making the wrong investments by eliminating low-priority emergencies.

 Risk-taking has an influential role in accident occurrence or prevention. Hence, having a valid tool to evaluate workers for risk-taking is necessary. Risk-taking has been intensely studied in the field of psychology and neuroscience, leading to the development of several questionnaires and software.

 In the present study, a new questionnaire was developed and validated based on the conceptual model to assess risk-taking behavior in people working in operator control rooms in industrial settings.

 Questions were selected from well-known psychological scales based on a conceptual model, followed by approving its face validity and conducting exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Afterward, some models were computed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM). The questionnaire was completed by 208 males who worked in the control room of some industries in Markazi province, Iran, in 2021. Test-retest reliability was done by 42 participants at a three-month interval.

 One factor and 12 items were suggested by EFA. The model was accepted based on the results of Operator Control Room Risk-taking Questionnaire (ORTQ) goodness of fit CFA (χ2/df = 1.89, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.90, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.09, and P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient (P < 0.001) between risk-taking and impulsivity was 0.65. However, it was 0.69 between venturesomeness and risk-taking and 0.58 between impulsivity and venturesomeness. Cronbach's alpha was 0.89 for ORTQ test-retest reliability. Operator Control Room Risk-taking Questionnaire was confirmed to have a better leave-one-out cross-validation information criterion (LOOIC) based on BSEM rather than Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis (BCFA).

 Operator Control Room Risk-taking Questionnaire is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used as a screening tool for risk-taking traits in workers before enrolment.

Organizational environments are constantly changing; hence organizations must adapt to such changes. Therefore, this study aimed to design an HSE management change model for civil engineering projects.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 based on the Delphi method. The participants were 39 HSE experts working on Iran’s large civil engineering project. The instrument of the study was a questionnaire consisting of 40 necessary measures based on the Penfold’s change model. The Delphi method employed in this study comprised three rounds and was carried out based on the 5-stage Penfold’s change model (current situation, analysis, understanding, planning, execution, and keeping changes).

The results of the Delphi study showed that from 60 items after the three rounds, 57 proposals were approved by the specialists. Also, 10 out of 15 recommendations were taken by experts in the change management model.

The final change management model in this study included 38 items for the five stages of change management (based on the integration of 67 items). Results indicated that this model can be used to reduce the consequences of changes affecting occupational safety, health, and the environment.

Nearly half of occupational accidents in Iran occur in construction sites. Therefore, modeling of occupational accidents in these sites is one of the solutions to design safety strategies to reduce occupational accidents in the field of construction. This study was designed and conducted with the aim of modeling the cause-consequence of accidents in construction sites.

This study was conducted based on a retrospective analysis of 10-year accident data (2010-2019) in Iranian construction sites in 2020. The main variable included the types of occupational accidents in construction sites. The study tool included accidents checklist as well as a detailed report of the studiedaccidents. The required data were collected based on a conceptual model designed to model the cause-consequence of accidents in the construction sites. Cause-consequence modeling of the studied accidents has been done based on the structural equation modeling and using IBM SPSS AMOS v. 22.0.

The frequency of the studied accidents was 3854 accidents. The annual averages of AFR and ASR indices were 17.27 ± 8.54 and 322.42 ± 44.23 days, respectively. The results of cause-consequence modeling of these construction accidents showed that individual and occupational, safety training and risk assessment factors as well as variables related to these factors have a negative and significant relationship with the indicators of the construction accidents, and the factors of environmental conditions and unsafe acts and variables belonged to these factors have a positive and significant relationship with these indicators (p < 0.05).

The findings of the study revealed that the highest impact factors on accident indicators were related to safety training, risk assessment and unsafe acts and their variables. Therefore, the results of this modeling can help to design safety strategies in construction sites.

Numerous theories and frameworks have been used to understand and intervene in behavioral determinants, but these variables have not been validated in the safety behavior of individuals in all industrial societies and diverse industries with different cultural characteristics. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the improvement of safety behaviors of the executive staff of Tehran Municipality.

The statistical population of this study is HSE experts of Tehran Municipality. The data collection tool in this study is the use of library studies and the Delphi technique to identify individual and organizational factors affecting the correction of employee behaviors. Data analysis was performed using AHP hierarchical analysis and EXPERT CHOICE software.

According to the results of the identification of the organizational factors, it can be stated that among the organizational factors affecting the improvement of safety behaviors of municipal executive staff, safety culture with a relative weight of 0.109 is recognized as the most important organizational factor. In general, it can be said that between individual and organizational components; Individual components had a higher rank than organizational components. On the other hand, the findings of ranking individual factors also expressed that the risk perception component with an average rank of 0.179 has the highest rank.

 For earlier conclusions in advancing the system and correcting the behavior of Tehran Municipality employees in the fields of safety, it is suggested that goal setting and planning be prioritized on 1- risk perception 2- attitude 3- awareness and knowledge 4- culture) Safety 5- Management commitment 6- Organizational safety atmosphere 7- Effective communication.

Risk-taking is a personality trait which plays a part in the occurrence of work-related accidents. For this reason, people who are highly risk-taking whose decision might cause accident should not be employed in critical situations. The purpose of this survey was to design and verify the validity of the risk tolerance questionnaire, suitable for control room operators, through examining the event related potential (ERP).
At first, the questions were selected from reliable scientific resources based on the conceptual model. The questions of the initial questionnaire were selected based on face validity, and then the questionnaire was filled out by 178 control room operators. At the next step, the best questions of the questionnaire were extracted using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In terms of reliability, 42 individuals of the study group refilled in the questionnaire again after three months as a test-retest. The ERPs were assessed using electroencephalography along with Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). The correlation coefficient calculated between the ERPs, and risky behaviors, and questionnaire scores.
One factor and 13 questions were identified as the best questions regarding EFA. Cronbach's alpha was 0.91. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated between the questionnaire score and risk-taking behavior as well as between the questionnaire score and P300, which was 0.38 (P = 0.01, η2 = 0.70) and 0.63 (P = 0.01, η2 = 0.99), respectively.
The Operator control Room Risk-Taking (ORTQ) questionnaire consists of 13 questions which can be used as an appropriate tool to assess the risk-taking trait in control room operators and also for research purposes. This questionnaire has got three personality dimensions including risk-taking nature, impulsivity and venturesomeness.

We aimed to identify indicators affecting firefighters’ resilience through a systematic review.

International electronic databases, including Web of Science, Medline through PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were searched on Dec 23, 2018. The search strategy was developed using main words, including firefighter, resilience, and indicators. Then, the indicators related to firefighters’ resilience were extracted and analyzed using a qualitative synthesis method.

Overall, 7178 unique documents were identified by searching different databases. Then, by screening the title and abstract, 7104 articles were excluded, and only 74 full text papers were critically studied. Finally, 31 full text articles were selected for the analysis. Quality appraisal of included studies done by modified STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) tool. Moreover, 186 indicators and criteria were extracted from the included studies and classified into 6 domains and 15 categories.

This study suggests six main domains, including physical health, physical fitness, mental health, life style, job-related competencies, and demographic status, to categorize different indicators of firefighters’ resilience. Building resilience in firefighters requires all these domains to be considered in the assessment, planning, and evaluation processes.

Emergencies are unforeseen and unpredictable situations. In these situations, people’s performance is affected by various factors that cause stress. People’s performance in such situations can also affect human error probability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate human error in emergency situations based on the fuzzy CREAM and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP).

This descriptive-analytical study was performed in a petrochemical industry in Markazi province in 2019. The FAHP was used to prioritize emergency situations. To evaluate human error in these conditions, the weights of Common Performance Conditions (CPC) was determined using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Human error probability was calculated using a fuzzy CREAM method in the most important emergency situations.

The results of the FAHP showed that “Hydrogen leak from the cylinder joints in the olefin unit” was the most important emergency. The highest relative weight was related to crew collaboration quality (0.06) in the emergency situation.

This method can also be used to identify the important factors in human error occurrence and high weighted CPCs and plan to control them.

AbstractBehavior in the workplace is affected by various variables, but the relationship between these variables and the safety, health and environmental behavior of individuals is not definitively confirmed, or even possibly in all industrial societies and diverse industries with different cultural characteristics is not confirmed. The purpose of this study was to present a health, safety and environmental management model to improve employee behavior. The statistical population in the qualitative part are HSE specialists and experts of Tehran Municipality and in the quantitative part are the executive staff of Tehran Region 7 Municipality. In this study, library studies and Delphi technique were used to identify individual and organizational factors affecting employee behavior correction and to investigate the impact of these variables on employee behavior correction and provide a model of health, safety and environmental management a questionnaire and structural equation technique with Smart-Pls software was used. The results showed that among individual factors (attitude towards behavior, awareness and knowledge and Risk perception) and among organizational factors (management commitment, safety atmosphere, organizational culture and effective communication) are effective in improving the behavior of executive staff of Tehran Municipality. The results of this study can be used in the continuous improvement of health, safety and environmental management.

One of the main components of the contractor management system is the assessment of their Health, Safety, and Environmental (HSE) performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a practical structure for evaluating HSE performance at the contractor level.

In this analytical study, the main factors were selected according to the seven main elements of HSE management system and then the sub-factors related to each main factor were determined. Then the questionnaires were sent to experts for weighting in terms of the degree of importance of the main factors and sub-factors. Based on the output of experts chr('39')opinions, the relative importance of the main and sub-factors was calculated and the HSE performance evaluation model was created in the contractorschr('39') organization level. Finally, in order to validate, the proposed structure was investigated at the organization level of three main construction contractors of a specialized petrochemical parent company.

The final model consists of 7 main factors and 119 sub factors. The maximum achievable score is 300 and the minimum is 60, which indicates a very good and very poor level of performance in terms of HSE, respectively. The performance evaluation results showed that the first contractor has scored higher in terms of HSE than the second and third contractors.

Due to the comprehensiveness of proposed structure, it could be used to evaluate the performance of the organizational level of different contractors which the results of the evaluation could be used as an input criterion for the selection of contractors. In addition, contractors can identify their organizational weaknesses in the HSE field and try to eremove them and improve their HSE level.

risk assessment is the most important tool for identifying unacceptable risks and preventing accident from occurring. In this study, the Safety Weighted Hazard Index (SWeHI) was used for assessing the risks associated with the storage tanks of the Ilam gas refinery company.

SWeHI has two parts to be determined: the potential hazard index (B) and the hazard control index (A). B can come into two forms: the fire and explosion hazards (B1) and toxic release hazard (B2). Both these forms should be computed separately and the higher one will be considered as B. For calculating A, all protection layers in place are assessed and quantified. SWeHI is calculated by dividing B by A.

B1 values for atmospheric and spherical tanks were 347.31 and 269.16, and B2 values were 97.48 and 169.34, respectively. A value for all tanks was 84.31. Among factors affecting A, emergency management plan and the reliability of equipment were the most challenging ones. SWeHI grand scores were 3.1925 and 4.1993 for spherical and atmospheric tanks, respectively.

Compared to other similar indices, SWeHI is a more quick and straightforward technique for risk assessment and remedial measures prioritization in oil and gas industries.