jafar morshedi

Recently, global warming has become one of the most important topics of global concern. There is significant evidence that proves that most of this warming is caused by human activities. The purpose of this research is to calculate and estimate the carbon footprint caused by the consumption of fossil fuels and the green space standard for the control and self-purification of carbon dioxide in Ahvaz metropolis. In this research work, the data of fossil fuel consumption and green space per capita for the years 1396 to 1400 from the 1400 statistics of Ahvaz Metropolitan Municipality were used. To calculate the carbon footprint, the estimation method provided by Iran's Ministry of Oil (MOP) was used. The results showed that the per capita emission of carbon footprint from 2016 to 2018 was (2207717.06), (3293028.42), (2450152.42), (2607968.79) and (2949480.70) tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, respectively. It is that the highest footprint related to the year 2017 with 42.3293028 tons and the lowest footprint related to the year 2016 was 2207717.06 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent. The per capita calculation of the standard of green space also showed that Ahvaz metropolis faced a per capita shortage of green space during the studied years and the standard of green space for this city in the period from 1396 to 1400 was (883086/82), (1317211/37) respectively , (980060/96), (1043187/51) and (1179792/28) hectares and the largest per capita shortage of green space was in 2017.

By examining the trend of air temperature changes, it is possible to search for traces of climatic changes in the area of Iran. Temperature is one of the most important meteorological parameters that is used in many studies. This parameter is of special importance in climate change studies, as the increase in temperature is considered one of the most important human environmental issues. In this research, the purpose of the research is to look at the average temperature changes in the base and future period of Khuzestan province. The evaluation of the model and the reproduction of climatic variables and the perspective of the future climatic conditions are examined, and this question is raised: Is the Sdsm model in Khuzestan province highly accurate?

The area studied in the current research is the synoptic stations of Khuzestan province. In this study, meteorological data including the values of minimum temperature, maximum temperature and average temperature for the studied period have been used. In this research, we used SDSM statistical micro-scale exponential model for temperature prediction and 6 synoptic stations of Khuzestan province, which had 45-year (1961-2005) and 40-year (1966-2005) climatic statistics, were selected. The outputs of the CanESM2 climate model have been used under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The data of the base period (1961-2005) were used for the first 30 years of data (1961-1990) for calibration and the second 15 years (1991-2005) for the syntactic evaluation of the model performance. Error and accuracy measures are evaluated.

MAE, NRMSE, RMSE, MSE and R2 were calculated based on the average values of the variables in each month. These values were obtained according to the daily temperature produced by the model and the observed values for calibration and validation data. The results showed that according to the NRMSE, the error rate in temperature estimation is acceptable (less than 10%) and is almost the same in all stations. The results showed that according to the high correlation coefficient of 87%, the performance of the model is confirmed. Finally, it indicates that the model has relatively good accuracy in estimating the climatic variable of temperature. In most stations, they overlap the most in the first months of the year, which is the reason for the accuracy of the model in the first months of the year. In the stations of Ahvaz, Bandar Mahshahr, Omidiye Aghajari and Bagh Malek in the first seven months of the year, the highest overlap and accuracy are included, and in the last five months of the year, the average retrospective temperature in these stations is 2.4, 2.4, 2.6 respectively. and 2.7 degrees Celsius shows the difference with the observational data. Dezful, Abadan and Shushtar stations have the highest overlap and accuracy in the first three months of the year and July. In the rest of the months, the average retrospective temperature in these stations is 2.6, 2 and 2 degrees Celsius, respectively, the difference with the data Shows observations. The temperature has increased in all periods and for the RCP2.6 scenario, it increases more than the RCP8.5 scenario. The highest RCP2.6 average temperature increase in Ahvaz is predicted to be 1.9 degrees and the lowest RCP8.5 increase is 0.2 degrees in Dezful and Shushtar stations. The average temperature in the forecast period with RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios is 26 and 25.7 degrees Celsius respectively, which shows an increase of 0.7 and 0.4 degrees compared to the previous period, and also the highest average temperature in the period Predicted with RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios and the observation period is approximately 28.2, 27.5 and 27.3 degrees Celsius corresponding to Shushtar station and the lowest average temperature is approximately 22.7, 22.6 and 22.2 degrees Celsius corresponding to Bagh Malek station respectively. In most of the studied stations, the increasing and decreasing trends of the observation and forecast period are similar. Aghajari station shows the most overlap. Shushtar, Abadan and Omidiye Aghajari stations have the highest temperature with an average temperature of 27.3, 26.5 and 26.4 degrees Celsius, respectively, and Bagh Malek station, which is located in the east of the province, has the lowest temperature with 20.9 degrees Celsius.

The most important results obtained from the performance evaluation of the SDSM model using statistical tests and various error measurement indicators showed that this model has been investigated in Khuzestan province and has the appropriate accuracy to simulate climate variables at the level of the studied region. It is absolutely necessary to evaluate the effects of global warming on the occurrence of climatic extremes. An increase in temperature has occurred in all studied stations in the coming period. In two scenarios, RCP2.6 (commitment of countries to reduce greenhouse gases) and RCP8.5 (in case of non-compliance to reduce greenhouse gases) were measured in the studied periods. Meanwhile, during the annual study period, the areas adjacent to the southern coasts of Iran will have the lowest temperature increase, so that the temperature increase in the stations located in the land is more than the stations in the coastal areas. The highest RCP2.6 average temperature increase in Ahvaz is predicted to be 1.9 degrees and the lowest RCP8.5 increase is 0.2 degrees in Dezful and Shushtar stations. In this research, the trends and types of seasonal changes have been investigated. The results obtained from the data analysis show that in all stations, in Khuzestan province in general, the average temperature parameter shows an increasing trend. Research has shown that the maximum temperature trend is an increasing trend in the base period of 1961-2005 and this trend will continue in the future periods. In the future periods, the temperature trend in the last few decades, the increase in the earth's temperature has upset the climate balance of the earth and has caused extensive climate changes in most areas of the earth, which is referred to as climate change. The minimum temperature is increasing, and as a result, it reduces the coldness of the air and moderates it.

Sustainable development is one of the key objectives of the tourism industry in any country, and this industry is influenced by economics, politics, and geography, with its development also impacting each region. Sustainable development in tourist areas accelerates the national development process through policies that preserve resources and the environment in each region. The aim of this research is to examine the role of urban policy in selecting top tourist regions and evaluating the criteria and capabilities of tourist destinations in the city of Mahshahr. The analytic hierarchy Process (AHP) model and a likert scale questionnaire were used in this research. Firstly, the questionnaires were distributed and their data were analyzed. After obtaining the compatibility of the criteria, the weights of each criterion and option were determined and then analyzed. The findings of this study indicate that among the factors of gravity, value, distance, and selected demand for tourism in the study area, the demand criterion has been assigned the highest weight (0.54) and the attraction criterion has been assigned the lowest weight (0.06) in tourism. Furthermore, the final ranking of selected tourist areas in Mahshahr has shown that bandar imam Khomeini and Aram Park Lake, with scores of 0/354 and 0/29 respectively, are ranked first and second in priority, while the historical city of Esk is ranked seventh in a lower position. Therefore, making informed decisions based on tourism criteria has a significant impact on economic activities, and the demand criterion has a more significant impact on regional tourism development.

Climate change affects all sectors of the economy to some extent, but the agricultural sector may be the most sensitive and vulnerable. This phenomenon can lead to increased migration and heightened conflict risks. Today migration is a challenge for all developing countries. Climate migration and the occurrence of consecutive droughts in the Khuzestan province and the city of Ahvaz are also caused by rising temperatures and lack of precipitation, among other factors The aim of this research is to assess the capabilities for reducing migration in the city of Ahvaz and develop a migration strategy. In this study the SWOT model was used and questionnaires were adjusted based on the Likert spectrum and completed and analyzed with the opinions of experts. Initially in the first stage, internal factors, namely strengths and weaknesses, were identified, and in the next stage, external factors, namely opportunities and threats, were identified and weighted. Among the external factors, threats with a weight of )0.460)and among the internal factors, weaknesses with a weight of )0.440) had the highest weights assigned to them. The results showed that the strategic migration strategy for the city of Ahvaz is close to a minimum-minimum or defensive strategy. The main message of this article emphasizes the use of defensive and reduction strategies.This means that in this area weaknesses should be reduced and threats should be avoided. These weaknesses and threats are the basis for migration and hinder the sustainable development of Ahvaz.
 

Education, training, and upbringing are highly complex processes. As a result, multiple factors and elements are involved in its formation. The physical environment is one of the important elements in desirable education. By providing a suitable physical environment, students will engage in learning with better mental and emotional conditions and more tranquility.In this study, the bioclimatic conditions of Ahvaz city were evaluated using climate consultant software Based on the results of these indices, a total of 12 to 15percent of the training period hours were in comfortable bioclimatic conditions. In 45 to 50percent of the study hours, the climatic conditions were warm and undesirable for students, and in 30 to 35percent of the study hours, the air temperature was below the comfort threshold. Therefore, in more than 80to 85percent of the days when students are present at school, the temperature and climatic conditions are not conducive to their learning and comfort. In this 7 to 8month period, the number of hot and cold hours is approximately equal. However, since the undesirability of cold and discomfort conditions is less than that of hot undesirable conditions, and the cost of heating is lower than the cost of cooling, it is recommended to focus the study period on cool to cold months of autumn and winter. Based on the results of the bioclimatic consultant index, from 15 to 20days in the month of Mehr and from mid-Ardibehesht month, the thermal conditions exceed the tolerance threshold of students, and their health may be at risk. It is better to remove this period from the academic calendar. However, in other months of the study period, by considering appropriate strategies in the design and construction of schools, the climatic undesirability of this period can be addressed.

Global warming process is one of the most important climate changes of the current century that researchers have addressed in regional and planetary scales. Global warming and climate change is one of the most important environmental issues in the world. The phenomenon of climate change, especially the increase in the minimum and maximum temperature of the studied area, will be overshadowed. Finding the future climate of each climate zone and examining the system of their changes and examining the consequences of climate change can open the way for planning. In this research, the author tries to show a perspective of the conditions of climate change in the next 50 years in Khuzestan province, emphasizing the element of temperature.

The area studied in the current research is the synoptic stations of Khuzestan province. In this study, meteorological data including the values of minimum temperature, maximum temperature and average temperature for the studied period have been used. In this research, we used SDSM statistical micro-scale exponential model for temperature prediction and 6 synoptic stations of Khuzestan province, which had 45-year (1961-2005) and 40-year (1966-2005) climatic statistics, were selected. The outputs of the CanESM2 climate model have been used under RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The data of the base period (1961-2005) were used for the first 30 years of data (1961-1990) for calibration and the second 15 years (1991-2005) for the syntactic evaluation of the model performance.

According to the degree of correlation between the average temperature data and the predictor variable data, it has the highest correlation with the ncep_temp predictor variable, which is shown in graph (3) of the annual correlation between the ncep_temp predictor and the average temperature data. shows that the annual temperature in Ahvaz station is 96%, Abadan station is 95%, Dezful station is 94%, Shushtar station is 95%, Bagh Malek station is 88%, Bandar Mahshahr station is 94% and Omidiye Aghajari station is 95%. . The average temperature changes in the province is 25.7 with two optimistic and pessimistic scenarios with an increase of 0.4 and 0.7 respectively. Therefore, the trend of the temperature climatic element regarding the studied area and the future period is changing and increasing. In Khuzestan province, with optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, the frequency of heat waves increases by 2 and 1 days respectively. In the past period, in the northern regions of the province, Dezful station, Shushtar and the southeastern regions of Omidiyeh Aghajari province had the highest frequency of heat waves on average, 22, 19 and 18 days per year respectively.

.The most important results of its implementation are as follows: The results obtained from the data analysis show that in all stations, in Khuzestan province in general, the average temperature parameter shows an increasing trend. An increase in temperature has occurred in all studied stations in the coming period. In two scenarios, RCP2.6 (commitment of countries to reduce greenhouse gases) and RCP8.5 (in case of non-compliance to reduce greenhouse gases) were measured in the studied periods. Meanwhile, during the annual study period, the areas adjacent to the southern coasts of Iran will have the lowest temperature increase, so that the temperature increase in the stations located in the land is more than the stations in the coastal areas. The studies of temperature increase in Khuzestan province are aligned and consistent with the studies and researches of researchers such as Abbasnia (2016) and Ansari (2016). Because climate change can have an important effect on maximum and average temperature.The results of evaluating the performance of SDSM model using statistical tests and different error measurement indicators showed that this model is investigated in Khuzestan province and has a suitable accuracy for simulating climatic variables in the studied area.As a result, according to the monthly forecast for future periods, according to the existing scenarios, the results obtained are as follows:_ July is the hottest and January is the coldest month of the year in all studied stations of Khuzestan province during the forecast period.Research has shown that the maximum temperature trend is an increasing trend in the base period of 1961-2005 and this trend will continue in the future periods. Based on this, the consequences of climate change in the southwest of the country (Khuzestan province) have been calculated. it will reduce the coldness of the air and moderate it, and severe frosts will be reduced. The study of hot days zoning shows an increase in the number of hot days in the future climate period, among other results of data analysis in the future period. The number of hot days has increased and it is consistent with Pudina's studies (2014). Investigating the spatial behavior of heat waves in Khuzestan province. The results showed that there are high occurrences of heat waves in the east and northwest of the province. They are significant in terms of location, in Dezful and Shushtar stations located in the north of the province and Omidiye Aghajari located in the south of the province, they decreased by almost 2 days and in the rest of the studied stations, they increased by an average of 4 days, which according to the research of Esmailnejad (2004) approximately It is aligned and in recent years, this consequence has been frequent. In the last few decades, the increase in the earth's temperature has upset the climate balance of the earth and has caused extensive climate changes in most areas of the earth, which is referred to as climate change. The number of dry days in the future will increase in all stations. Currently, finding out about the amount of climate changes and the behavior of climate variables in order to apply the necessary measures against the effects of climate change has been discussed and the focus of attention of many researchers, especially climatologists. Recognizing and evaluating climate changes in the coming decades with the aim of proper environmental planning in order to adapt to future climate conditions and reduce its effects is an effective matter.

Precipitation is the most important and effective source of water in a watershed, which changes with uneven spatial and temporal distribution in the basin. In this research, two heavy rains that led to floods in 2016 and 2019 were investigated in order to know and understand the mechanisms affecting the occurrence of these rains and to identify the relationship between the intensity of the rainfall and the flow rate. In order to analyze these relationships, an environmental approach was chosen. After drawing the maps of the upper atmospheric levels and identifying the effective system in causing super heavy rains, the flood discharge caused by the mentioned systems was extracted from the recorded data. The most effective system in causing heavy rains is the Sudanese low pressure system. The peak flow of floods has been delayed by 12 to 24 hours from the day of peak rainfall and the increasing trend of runoff is closely related to the increase in intensity and continuity of rainfall. Due to heavy rains with total rains of more than 160 to 120 mm in some stations, the discharge values have been recorded geometrically exponentially in hydrometric stations. The importance of investigating the phenomenon of precipitation is more obvious when a place witnesses a small or significant fall or suddenly a large amount of precipitation. In recent years, several studies have been conducted in relation to heavy rains, heavy rains and flood potential in the synoptic method and with the help of maps of different levels of the atmosphere in the world and in Iran. Considering the importance of rainfall and its impact on various economic, agricultural and social sectors, the need to investigate and identify the synergistic patterns of rainfall in the study area for use in planning and optimal management of water resources is evident. Ecosystems and physical structures of human societies are adjusted to normal climatic conditions, and when extreme climatic phenomena occur, they can rarely equip and prepare themselves. Therefore, the temporal variability of precipitation, especially extreme precipitations, has many economic effects.

The study method in this research is a combination of field method and statistical-analytical method. Research is of applied type. Obtaining atmospheric data of pressure, omega, specific humidity and flow for the indicated atmospheric levels during a 33-year period (1990-2017) from the website (NCEP/NCAR) and European Center for Medium-Range Forecasting (ECMWF) Determining the heaviest precipitations that occurred in the Dez River basin with the index method 98% percentile base and then determining the most durable rain waves (indicator waves) in each year and taking into account the duration of rainy days during the 33-year statistical period (1990-2017) and drawing weather maps using GRADS and SURFER software and performing factor analysis method and Clustering and visual analysis to identify the atmospheric patterns of heavy and long-term rainfall occurrences and synoptic analysis of the atmospheric patterns of heavy and long-lasting cloud precipitations and the investigation and analysis of the historical course of heavy and long-term cloud precipitations and the investigation and analysis of the degree of correlation or the relationship between the intensity of rainfall and the intensity of surface runoff and choosing the factor that expresses the highest intensity of rainfall.

The findings of this research are presented in two separate sections. In the first part, synoptic patterns leading to selected super heavy rains will be presented. In the second part, the flood discharge resulting from these extremely heavy rains has been analyzed. Based on the spatial arrangement and the functioning of the systems in the lower and middle layers of the atmosphere, synoptic patterns leading to the formation of these super heavy rains were identified. In the analysis of the flood hydrograph, while showing the flow of the flood caused by this rainfall during the flooding of the river in the water year, the hourly hydrograph of the flood caused by this rainfall has also been drawn and analyzed.

In the investigation of the middle layer of the Wardspehr in all the systems that led to the flood of 2019, it was observed that the Saudi Wacharkhand cell has been established over the Arabian and Oman seas and the east of the Arabian Peninsula by moving eastward. And the formation of a low-altitude center over Iraq is the most suitable pattern for heavy cloud precipitation in the Dez basin. On the synoptic maps of the lower and middle levels of the 2016 Wardspehr system, the African Watcher Khand has blocked the west of Iran with its significant northward expansion over eastern Europe. As a result, the activity period of the system has increased by more than 4 days. Therefore, the African cycle and its stop in Eastern Europe is the main reason for prolonging the activity period of rainfall systems leading to flooding in the area. Therefore, the Azureverse system has not played a significant role in prolonging the activity period of the systems on the field. In the investigation of the flood discharge of super-heavy rainfall systems, it was observed that in all the selected rainfall systems of Dubai, the peak floods have caused very severe floods with a delay of 12 to 24 hours from the day of the peak rainfall of the Dubai system. So that in the floods of 2019 with a peak discharge of 4503 cubic meters per second, the flood of 2016 with a peak discharge of 10510 cubic meters per second, while they were among the very heavy floods of the study period. Flow values due to short-term super heavy rains with intensities of more than 160 to 120 mm in some stations have been recorded in geometrical exponential form in hydrometric stations. Therefore, the increasing trend of surface runoff is an exponential trend compared to the increasing intensity of rainfall.

Dust events are one of the most important and challenging environmental and climatic hazards of the whole country and especially of Khuzestan province. The main goal of this research is to reveal the role of changes in vegetation cover and soil moisture in the annual distribution of dust events in Khuzestan province. In this regard, 3 categories of data were used. The data related to station dust codes obtained during the statistical period of 2010-2020 for the synoptic stations of Khuzestan province on an hourly scale. The second set of monthly vegetation data was obtained from the NDVI product (MOD13C3) of the MODIS sensor, and finally, the moisture data of the upper 5 cm layer of the soil was provided from the SMAP sensor on a monthly basis. By analyzing the frequency of dust codes, the monthly frequency of dust events, the concentration and persistence of dust were investigated. By obtaining the spatial average values of the two moisture indices of the upper 5 cm soil layer and the monthly NDVI index, the correlation and relationship between the dust indices and these indices was analyzed. The results showed that based on the average period of 2010-2020, the period of 4 months from May to August is the dust peak period in the province. There are at least 11 days of dust in every month, and the concentration of dust is more than 2800 micrograms per cubic meter in the air, and the duration of the dust event in the province is at least 40 hours. The investigation of the moisture indicators of the upper layer of the soil and vegetation showed that, exactly in the province during the same dust peak period, the soil moisture of the upper layer of the soil reached less than 10% in a large part of the central and southern regions of the province, and at the same time, the vegetation index also In these sectors, it has reached less than 0.18. In addition, in this research, it was observed that the monthly changes in the moisture content of the upper 5 cm layer of the soil with a correlation coefficient of -0.88 have the greatest effect on controlling the dust concentration in Khuzestan province.

Iran is located in a region that is very important in terms of animal geography, but there is little information about its fish fauna, which is very interesting and diverse. In the present research, biodiversity was calculated with Shannon-Wiener, Hill, Pilou and Margalf indices for Kashkan and Seymareh rivers in Poldakhtar city in Lorestan province. Sampling was taken in seven stations and 389 pieces of fish belonging to 15 species of carp, dogfish, catfish and snake fish families were caught and identified. Biodiversity values ​​obtained for Shannon-Wiener, Hill, Pilou and Margalf indices in the downstream of the confluence in the first sampling, respectively were 2.38, 10.64, 0.99, 2.7 And in the second sampling, 2.28, 9.63, 0.95, 2.86, and in the third sampling, 2.4, 10.85, 0.94, and 3.82 were obtained and in the Kashkan river, respectively In the first sampling 1.55, 4.7, 0.79, 1.99 and  in the second sampling 1.2, 3.3, 0.62, 2.5 in the third sampling 1.44 and 4.18 and 0.81, 4.39 were obtained, and in the Symareh river, respectively, in the first sampling, 2.08, 7, 0.85, 2.75, and  in the second sampling, 1.92, 6.8, 92. 0, 2.5 and in the third sampling, 2.02, 7.5, 0.88, 3.6 were obtained that the results obtained from this research showed the greatest biodiversity in the downstream area of ​​the confluence of two rivers, Kashkan and Seymareh.

Extensive and massive agriculture, along with other agricultural activities such as animal husbandry, industrial activities in the southern half of the province, has created and intensified extensive changes in the environmental resources and natural structure of the province. This extensive change can show its effects and consequences in the destruction of forest lands, the transformation of rich pastures into poor pastures and barren lands, severe soil erosion, and finally the creation and development of internal centers of dust. and intensify the severity of dust incidents in the province. Dust events have profound and significant effects on agriculture and soil fertility, health and hygiene, disruption and destruction of industries and power plants, and negative effects on the environment, including the deterioration of forests. Airborne particles, which are mainly driven to the region by dust storms, are one of the important components of the atmospheric system. They can not only change the albedo of the energy balance by acting as cloud particle nuclei, or ice nuclei.

The study location of this research is Khuzestan province, which is one of the most challenging provinces in the country in terms of environmental hazards. This province, with an area of about 6.5 million hectares, occupies about 4% of the country's area. Dust is one of the major and most important challenges of this province. Its destructive effects can be traced in various dimensions, such as the quality of water resources, the quality and performance of agricultural products, industries and energy transmission networks, and the air quality of cities. Three categories of data have been used in this research. The data of the first category is related to the data of widespread dust days in Khuzestan province. These data were obtained from the dust codes of the current air condition (ww parameter of synoptic stations of the province) during the statistical period of 2000, 2020. The second category of data was actually the remote sensing data of MODIS sensor, which included the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) product of MODIS sensor (MOD04 product) and Aerosol Exponential Index (AEA). These two indicators are dimensionless but with different directions. In the AOD index, higher numbers represent more aerosols in the atmosphere and in the AEA index, in addition to the presence of dust in the place, it also provides the size of the aerosol particles. Finally, the third category of data is the reanalysis data related to incoming net shortwave radiation (SNSR), which was taken from the reanalysis data of the European ECMWF database version ERA5 with a spatial resolution of 0.5 arc degrees. 

In this research, it was tried to investigate the influence of the dust event in the context of fluctuations and daily changes in the amount of net shortwave radiation received on the earth's surface. The results of the investigation of three cases of widespread dust in the province showed that in these three cases of widespread dust, aerosol particles are generally in the central, southern and western parts of the province (plain and lowland areas of the province) from the type of medium to large particles (index angstrom between 0.5 and 1) and in the eastern and northeastern parts, it was of the type of coarse particles (angstrom index less than 0.5). In the context of the impact of dust events on the amount of shortwave radiation received by the earth's surface, it was seen that in the dust event of July 22, 2010, the Angstrom exponential index indicates the presence of coarse particles in the atmosphere near the earth's surface and the AOD index also indicates the presence of dense dust in the entire area of the province. The received net shortwave radiation (at 12 noon or 09 UTC) was about 194 watts per square meter (about 28 percent) lower than the average for the same month. This drop rate was less in the other two dust waves, whose AOD and Angstrom index values indicated finer and less concentrated dust. In the dust wave of June 19, 2012, the amount of net shortwave radiation received was only 5% (25 W/m2 at 12 noon or 09 UTC) less than the long-term average, and this drop in the dust event of May 12, 2018 was equal to 28 W/m square (about 4% drop compared to the average of the same month).

The importance of heavy rainfall and its consequences have caused this phenomenon to be of special importance in environmental planning and water resources management. Using statistical methods and the discharge data of the Dez river, the heavy floods of this river were extracted to identify the effective factors in their creation. Among all systems leading to heavy rains, the Sudanian system has been the main factor of moisture advection in the lower layer of the troposphere with its expansion to the north and northeast. Due to its thermal characteristics, this system has been prone to receive considerable moisture from the surrounding warm seas. This system has provided the necessary conditions for the creation of surface instabilities in most transitional systems independently and in a smaller number in the integrated state with the Mediterranean system. In the investigation of the middle layer of the troposphere in all the systems that led to the floods of 1993 and 2005, it was observed that the anticyclone cell of Arabia was established over the Arabian and Oman seas and the east of the Arabian Peninsula by moving eastward. In this situation, a very deep trough has formed in the west of Iran, and the southern end of the trough has extended to southern Sudan and northern Ethiopia. The eastward movement of high pressure in Arabia and the significant southward expansion of the Mediterranean trough and the formation of a low-altitude center over Iraq is the most suitable pattern for the heavy cloud rains in the basin.

In terms of geographic location, the Dez basin is limited between 48°10' to 50°21' east longitude and 31°34' to 33°7' north latitude. The studied area is a part of the Dez river basin, which is located almost in the middle part to the end part. After the Karun branch of one of the largest and longest Dez rivers, Dez is formed from two main branches named Caesar and Bakhtiari, and after leaving the mountainous region north of Andimeshk and Dezful, it enters the plain of Khuzestan. For comprehensive and accurate interpretation of pressure systems and assessment of their environmental effects on the earth, the maps of the earth's surface and level of 500 hPa are very efficient. In most cases, the wind direction and temperature distribution at the 500 hPa level are completely affected by the topographic arrangement of the geopotential height at the 500 hPa level. Geopotential height maps are one of the most important and efficient atmospheric maps in synoptic analysis and interpretation. Heavy rains on representative days are analyzed, interpreted, and explained. Two statistical and synoptic methods were used for a more detailed investigation of the synoptic situation of heavy rains in the Dez river basin. In the statistical part, factor analysis, which is one of the widely used statistical methods in climatology, was used, and in the synoptic part, maps of different atmospheric levels were extracted and analyzed using Gardes software for the specified days. To determine the members of each group, the correlation of the scores of each factor with the sea level pressure map in the time period (1964-2020) was calculated, and the members of each group were determined. To determine the representative days, the correlation of the SLP maps of the days of each group was used, and the day that had a high correlation with more days was selected as the representative day. To perform factor analysis, the elements of the database were transferred from the Excel environment to the S-Plus2008 software environment, and then by performing various inferential analysis calculations, the most suitable method was selected to identify the main and effective factors.

As can be seen, the heavy rains of 2013 lasted for 6 days, and the system of 2011 lasted for 7 days. Of course, as mentioned, in some systems, days before or after the end of the activity period of the main system, scattered rains, even with high intensity, have been recorded in some stations. But these scattered rains are considered local rains. The highest peak flow rate of 8556 m3 belongs to the system in February 2013. This system has lasted for 4 days. It took 31 hours to reach the peak of the flood.

In the investigation of the middle layer of the troposphere in all the systems that led to the floods of 1993 and 2005, it was observed that the Arabian anticyclone has been established over the Arabian and Oman seas and the east of the Arabian Peninsula by moving eastward. In this situation, a very deep trough has formed in the west of Iran, and the southern end of the trough has extended to southern Sudan and northern Ethiopia. Therefore, the eastward displacement of the high pressure in Arabia and the significant southward expansion of the Mediterranean trough, and the formation of a low-altitude center cut over Iraq is the most suitable pattern for heavy cloud precipitation in the Dez basin. The peak discharge of floods with a delay of 12 to 24 hours from the day of peak rainfall has created a very intense discharge system. So, the floods of 2005 with a peak discharge of 8556 m3 s-1 and the flood of 1993 with a peak discharge of 4022 m3 s-1, while they were very heavy floods, there were two study periods.

Geomorphosites possess the potential to evolve into tourist destinations. Shadgan Wetland, benefiting from favorable weather conditions during winter and spring, attracts numerous tourists. This research aims to evaluate the tourism capabilities of Shadgan Wetland. The opinions of environmental experts and tourists were analyzed using the SWAT model and a Likert-scale questionnaire. The study involved three stages: identification of internal factors (IF) or strengths and weaknesses, identification of external factors (EFE) or opportunities and threats, and assigning weights to these factors. The results indicate that among the external factors, threats carry the highest weight of 2.52, while weaknesses have the highest weight of 3.39 among the internal factors. The strategic approach for this wetland entails a competitive strategy of maximum-minimum (wo) type, whereby officials should aim to capitalize on opportunities and mitigating or eliminating weaknesses.

 climate change can be considered one of the biggest environmental challenges of the recent era, which indicates unusual changes in the internal climate of the earth's atmosphere and its consequences in different parts of the globe, which is a serious threat to the environment. The purpose of this research is to prepare a vulnerability zoning map of infrastructures in the southern regions of Khuzestan in the conditions of climate change.

 for this purpose, using previous sources and interviews with experts, eleven variables of total annual precipitation, average temperature of hot and cold season, the trend of maximum precipitation of more than 5 mm per day, the number of dust codes, the occurrence of heat waves above the 95th percentile, precipitation changes, displacement of coastline, underground water changes, floods and inundation and temperature changes during 2019 to 2019 were investigated. By using two trend analysis tests, i.e. Sence slope estimator trend analysis test and Mann-Kendall trend analysis test, the trend of the 32-year time series of these elements during the basic statistical period (1985-2017) was investigated.

 The southern parts of the studied region of Khuzestan had an average temperature of more than 38 degrees Celsius per year, while the northern and central parts of the studied region had a temperature of more than 38.5 degrees Celsius per year.The southern part of Khuzestan has an annual rainfall equivalent to more than 273 mm per year, while the southern parts of the studied area have less than 200 mm of rainfall per year and in some cases about 156 mm per year.

 The results show that high and very high risk areas cover 80% of the region.

In Iran, due to the high rate of economic growth and development activities, the annual demand for various energies, including electrical energy, has increased, as a result of which the construction of new power plants has become an undeniable necessity. Considering the evolution of energy in the current century and the need for renewable energies, the use of wind energy and the establishment of wind power plants are increasingly developing. One of the most important issues in the use of wind energy is determining the location of its use, which has a great impact on the efficiency of wind power generation equipment and devices. Determining the right place for the construction of wind power plants requires attention to various criteria and factors. The purpose of this research is to determine the role of climate, geography, economic-social, environmental and geological factors in determining the suitable location for the construction of wind power plants in Khuzestan province. Based on the different roles and effects of these factors, a limitation map and a map of effective factors were prepared. The weights of criteria, sub-criteria and options were determined by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in EC2000 software environment and GIS software environment was used for spatial modeling and analysis and information integration. The results show that the southern and southwestern regions of Khuzestan province are the best places to build wind power plants.

Background and purpose:

Design of buildings based on climate is a method that helps to reduce energy demand of buildings for heating and cooling to use natural energy sources in order to create more comfort and reduce the use of fossil fuels in buildings. The objectives of this strategy include reducing the loss of thermal energy of buildings, reducing the effects of wind on the loss of thermal energy of buildings, providing ventilation of the interior spaces, benefiting from suitable outside climate, benefiting from solar energy for the heating demand of buildings and protecting buildings from sunlight.

Materials and Methods:

 In this study, the design strategy of educational buildings based on climate of Dezful has been developed. For this purpose, the hourly data of the Dezful synoptic station during1986-2019 were used by Climate Consultant and ASHRAE Standard 55. After receiving and standardizing the hourly data of various atmospheric elements, and loading these data into Climate Consultant, the results have been analyzed and the most suitable architectural model for the educational centers of Dezful has been proposed.

Findings and discussion :

Based on the output strategies of Climate Consultant and field visits to the schools of Dezful, the architecture of both the old and new schools, 9 strategies were developed and proposed for the sustainable design of schools in this city based on the factors affecting comfort and the principles such as window shading, high thermal mass, evaporative cooling, forced ventilation by fan and heating in addition to humidity, for the maximum use of the climatic capabilities of Dezful for school activities and avoidance of adverse climate, the most suitable orientation for light-reflecting structures and openings is the south first and second directions close to it for the schools of Dezful. For schools that have already been built and there is no other choice but to use these schools, by planting trees along the walls and undesired openings, the adverse effects of solar radiation can be minimized. The results of the field visits to the city's schools showed that for the design and construction of the new schools, the direction of the south is observed more than the old schools.

 The conflict between architecture and climate leads to an increase in energy use for cooling and heating of buildings; which has negative economic and environmental consequences in addition to mental and psychological health damage for the residents. Therefore, it is necessary to know the climate of each region and determine the standard for spaces according to the climate of each region. As a result, the design of high-performance educational buildings requires the use of accurate and scientific models and software. The study results showed that Climate Consultant 5.5 is highly effective on the design of educational spaces to discover climate design ideas in educational buildings. Therefore, this software should be used for the design of educational spaces in other cities of the province. Given that children and adolescents are more vulnerable to adverse climate in residential and educational spaces compared to adults, and in these spaces, climatic comfort and peace of mind are very important to increase the quality of education. The building design compatible with the climate is very important. To achieve this desired model, the use of walls and openings along the south or directions close to it towards the southeast is the most suitable for the design of educational spaces. 17 strategies were developed and proposed for the design and construction of schools in this city. These strategies can be a document for designers and engineers to achieve the design and construction of schools and educational spaces in Dezful based on its climate.

The purpose of this study is detection of climate change trend in 3 selected stations namely Abadan, Ahvaz and Dezful in the south of Khuzestan province,Iran during the baseline period of (1980-2010) and investigation the possible effect of climate change on the wheat crop calendar in Dezful region based on the RCP 2.6 scenario. The future projected climatic data with temporal resoulution of 5 mintues were retrived from CCAFS and WorldClim1.4 climate databases and downscaled using SDSM weather generator, till 2040. The precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature variables maps were produced by ArcGis10.4 software using the IDW . The possible effect of climate change on growing season length in Dezful station was assesed.The results showed that, on average,the beginning of all phenological stages from planting to harvest would occur about 15 days earlier by the end of future period.This sift for the heading phase is projected to be 8 to 10 days. For the physiological maturity stage, a different trend was observed, so that during near future period, i.e., 2021 to 2031, the maturity stage will occur between April 11th to April 22nd,but during 2031 to 2041, the date of maturity varies between 21 March to 11 th April. In other words, It is projected that by the middle of the century, the wheat crop maturity would happen sooner between 10 and 15 days in the study station.

Understanding the climate of each region in different seasons and coordinated planning for the construction of climate-friendly structures leads to the fundamental growth of the urban fabric. As a result, proper efficiency of structures, both commercial and residential, leads to a reduction in staggering energy costs in each urban area. The purpose of this study is to study the role of climatic parameters in political and social development. It was the city of Ilam. This research was considered in terms of applied purpose and in terms of implementation method, descriptive-analytical research and in terms of field information collection method. In this study, considering the method of exploratory factor analysis, seven main categories of political and social factors were considered. The statistical population of this study, including 25 current city managers, researchers and urban experts, was used. SWOT technique was used to analyze the data. The results showed that from the point of view of the role of climatic parameters in the political and social development of Ilam city, based on the results, the most important strength is the appropriateness of selection and orientation to the development of urban lands in proportion to soil temperature The technical part was the rupture of physical tissues according to the type of climate in the region. The most important opportunity in the human resources sector was the existence of appropriate scientific knowledge to deal with climate problems and the existence of specialized and efficient forces in the discussion of the environment.

Air pollution is one of the most important problems of industrial cities. The existence of large industrial factories, official and industrial facilities, National Iranian South Oil Company, National Iranian Drilling Company, etc., have turned Ahvaz to one of the main industrial centers and one of the most polluted cities of Iran. Coming into contact with airborne microorganisms is related to a host of negative effects on the human health. This study was carried out to find out the effect of oil industries on air pollution and its optimal locating through the environmental approach in Ahvaz metropolis. In this study, SCREEN3 software was used to find out and analyze the distribution of Sox, NOx, and CO pollutants. Based on expert opinion, the main criteria were determined as climatic, natural, environmental, and economic factors. After calculating weights through the AHP model and attaining the information layers, the GIS software capabilities to combine and overlap the maps were used. This led to a map depicting the optimal location of oil industries congruent with the environmental approach in Ahvaz metropolis. According to the obtained results, there should be no residence-based activity in at least 5000 meters distance from the oil industries, where air pollutants have a considerable density. That is to say, within this distance, the animate and inanimate creatures will be damaged the most. The most optimal areas for the establishment of oil industry facilities are located on the west, south, southwest, and parts of east and north of the area under study.

Today, dust events in western and southwestern Iran have become one of the most important environmental hazards. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between land cover changes and dust distribution in Khuzestan province during the last two decades. In this regard, land cover data of MODIS sensor, Aerosol optical depth product of the same sensor aerosol and cross-analysis matrix technique were used to reveal the relationship among them. The results showed that firstly, the dominant coverings of Khuzestan province were generally pastures, barren lands, agricultural lands and urban areas. Analyzing the 20-year trend of these uses showed that rangelands, decreasing trend, agricultural and urban lands had an increasing trend and barren lands also had a relatively stable trend. However, the results of spatial analysis of AOD index showed that the mean and standard deviation of this index have reached from 0.35 ±09 in 2000 to 0.44 ± 0.04, in 2020 in the province during the last two decades. The important finding obtained by the cross-analysis matrix along with the analysis of periodic trends was that the use of medium to rich rangelands, which had not increased in the last two decades, the level of AOD in this use, with a slope of 6500 hectares per year, had a decreasing trend, while the agricultural land use on which the AOD index has had an increasing trend, with an annual slope of 18,700 hectares has had a significant increasing trend. Therefore, in general, it can be said that the increase in the area under cultivation of agricultural lands, and the lack of control of barren lands in the province, has led to the intensification of dust in the province over the past two decades

Land use research programs at a global scale have become central to international climate and environmental change research since the launch of land use and land cover (LULC) change project. LULC has two separate terminologies that are often used interchangeably. Land cover refers to the biophysical characteristics of earth surface, including the distribution of vegetation, water, soil, and other physical features of the land, although land use refers to the way in which land has been used by humans and their habitat, usually with an emphasis on the functional role of land for economic activities. Land use and land cover change is the conversion of different land use types which is the result of complex interactions between humans and the physical environment. LULCC is a major driver of global change and has a significant impact on ecosystem processes, biological cycles and biodiversity and also lead to some hazards such as dust storms. Today, dust events in western and southwestern Iran have become one of the most important environmental hazards. The western and southwestern regions of Iran, is faced with the phenomenon of dust and its problems significantly. In the west and southwest of Iran, there are desert areas such as the deserts of southern Iraq, Saudi Arabia and farther north in Africa, which causes frequent occurrence of dust with different intensities throughout the year in this part of the country. In addition to the mentioned deserts, the role of the local dust area is also very important in injecting dust into the air of the province. Among these, the role of extensive land use changes in Khuzestan province, including drying of wells and wetlands, degraded pastures with overgrazing, abandoned rain-feed agricultural, expansion of irrigated agricultural, are among the important changes that have coincided with the increase of dust. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between land cover changes and dust distribution in Khuzestan province of Iran during the last two decades (2000-2020).

In this study we used two types of data: the land cover data of MODIS sensor (MCD12Q1), and Aerosol optical depth product (AOD)(MOD04) during a 20-year period (2000-2020). The MCD12Q1 product of MODIS Terra+Aqua identifies 17 classes defined by the International Geosphere Biosphere Program (IGBP), including 11 natural vegetation classes, 3 human-altered classes, and 3 non-vegetated classes. The AOD data daily level-2 (MOD_04) data are produced at the spatial resolution of a 3 x 3 1-km (at nadir) pixel array. The aerosol product includes the "deep-blue" algorithm recently developed to get aerosol optical thickness over bright land areas. In this study, since the purpose was to investigate the status of spring and summer atmospheric aerosols in Khuzestan province, so MODIS sensor of satellite Terra (MOD04-3K) and Aqua (MYD04-3K) with a spatial resolution of 3 km for Khuzestan province were used out of 3650 frames of AOD product. In this study, the cross-analysis matrix technique in GIS was applied to reveal the relationship between AOD and land cover class. The temporal trend also was investigated using regression models during 2000-2020.

The results showed that firstly, the dominant coverings of Khuzestan province were generally pastures (Grassland), barren lands (Bare land), agricultural lands (Crop land) and urban areas (Built up class). Analysis of the 20-year trend of these uses showed that grasslands area has the decreasing trend, while the agricultural (cropland) and urban lands (built up area) had an increasing trend during last 2 decades. Barren lands also had a relatively stable trend, although the results of spatial analysis of Aerosols Optical Depth (AOD) index showed that the mean and standard deviation of this index in Khuzestan province during the last two decades, changed from 0.35 ±09 in 2000 to 0.44 ± 0.04, by 2020. An important result obtained by the cross-analysis matrix along with the analysis of periodic trends was that the use of medium to rich rangelands, which had not increased in the last two decades, the level of AOD in this use, with a slope of 6500 hectares per year, had a decreasing trend. However, the agricultural land use on which the AOD index has had an increasing trend, with an annual slope of 18,700 hectares has had a significant increasing trend.

In terms of foresight, it can be expected that if the situation of the two dust drivers in the region follows the same trajectory of the last 20 years, i.e. agricultural lands, especially irrigated lands, will have an increasing trend, and on the other hand, the province rangelands will trend. If they have a decrease, we should expect dust events with much more intensity and density in the province.

Droughts are one of the most devastating weather events, causing significant damage to both natural resources and human life. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare meteorological drought and groundwater of Mehran plain using standardized precipitation index (SPI) and groundwater index (GRI). In order to study the meteorological drought, the monthly rainfall information of Mehran synoptic station was used and in order to study the dryness of the groundwater of Mehran plain, the changes of groundwater level of Mehran plain were analyzed based on water level data of 23 observation wells. Also, SPI index was used for meteorological drought monitoring and GRI index was used for hydrological drought monitoring of Mehran plain. The statistical period required for drought analysis of a 25-year statistical period from the water year of 75-74 to 97-96 was selected. After determining the moisture periods of the indices, monthly groundwater zoning maps were prepared. To prepare these maps, the kriging model was selected from among different models. Finally, by applying the optimal half-change model in kriging and entering groundwater data as a point layer, raster maps were prepared using Arc GIS software. The results of the study of SPI index show that during the statistical periods in question, 4 severe droughts occurred, the most severe of which was 90-91, with a value of SPI index of -1.73. Also, the results obtained from the GRI index in the region show that an 11-year drought period of groundwater occurred, ie it started from the water year 88-87 and continued until the water year 98-97, the most severe of which was 90-91 with the amount of The index is -1.11.

Parks and urban green spaces are one of the most important urban utilities,whose distribution status is very important in urban areas.The 6th Zone of Ahvaz is not well positioned due tothe distribution of urban green space.Therefore,achieving the appropriate areas for creating green space in this area is the main objective of this research.To achieve this goal,a multicriteria evaluation method wasusedintheGISenvironment.For this method,firstly,effective measures were taken to determine the urban green space using the Delphi method,which includes criteria of residential centers,educationalcenters,communication network,available green space,cultural centers,population density,industrial centers and sports centers.In the next step,In the next step from the land use map of Ahvaz city the layers of the criteria wereextracted and evaluated.TheAHP method was also used to weighting the layers, and finally,by overlaying the weighted layers using the overlapping method the final maps wasprepared.Accordingtotheresults,from the totalareaofthisregionthe64764hectares(47.53%),which is suitable for creating the urban green space, which is concentrated in the north to the west of theregion, and from all zones,the good zones has the largest area(30.88%).The results indicate that the green space of 6th Zone of Ahvaz has good distribution according to the site selection criteria and, on the other hand, the suitable lands for creating green space are in high proportion to the land use map in the 6th zone of Ahvaz,It is suggested that in order to achieve the betterresult,acomprehensiveoverviewofthepreparation and implementation ofcomprehensive plans regarding the location of the green spacesof Ahvaz cityand the attention of urban managers tothe potential and available limits in the region to provide better services

Methods and Materials: Dust and dust has become one of the most dangerous natural hazards in Iran in recent years and has affected the lives of the residents of this region in the west and southwest of the country and has caused irregular migration from these areas. Rainstorms also severely affect the power outlets of these areas, resulting in shorter life spans, increased maintenance costs and corrosion of power distribution equipment, which ultimately lead to extinction and widespread social consequences. At the age of fifteen, during the years 96 to 81 The ESDD practices and insulators on power NSDD Khuzestan province. For this purpose, we obtain five parameters of climatic parameters and number of dust days from meteorological organizations, concentration of pollutants from environmental organization, and amount of pollution on insulators from electricity system and by examining the relationship between annual number of days associated with dust storms and climatic parameters and pollution concentration analysis. The sites were zoned using ESDD and NSDD contaminated areas using GIS.

Dust has become one of the most dangerous natural hazards in Iran in recent years and has affected the lives of residents in the western and southwestern parts of the country and has caused undue migration. Rainstorms have also severely affected the power outages of these areas, resulting in shorter life spans and increased maintenance costs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of dust and pollution during the years of 96-81 by ESDD and NSDD methods on electricity consumption in Khuzestan province. Pollution rates on insulators from power plant and zoning of polluted areas using GIS were analyzed by examining the relationship between annual number of days with dust storms and climatic parameters and analysis of pollution concentrations using the above methods.

The results showed that the contamination status of the area was exceeded by international standards and the condition was very heavy and the concentration of contaminants reached from 2010 micrograms / m3 in 2002 to 10000 micrograms / m3 in year 96 and the main concentration of these contaminants in the areas. South of the province is between Ahvaz, Mahshahr, Abadan and Khorramshahr stations. Criterion of contamination due to frequent occurrence of high insoluble matter with high solubility is possible using both ESDD and NSDD methods and due to more power outages, dust deposition and dusts. On insulators and its combination with air humidity and The creation of sticky mud on this factor leads to a short circuit in the network. Amongst the stations, the highest number of stormy days with 64 days is related to Bostan Station due to being located in the western part of the province and close to the eastern and western regions. The Karkheh River, which has the potential to lift particles, as well as the proximity of Arab countries, has most of its foreign-origin storms, with a minimum of 22 days to Dezful Station, located in eastern Tristan, and most of its storms are due to avoiding western dust. It has internal and local origin.

One of the most important environmental challenges of many developing countries is the disposal of urban waste as a sustainable solution. This study aimed to determine the most suitable location for the landfill in Hamidiyeh County using the hierarchical analysis model (AHP) and (GIS).

At first, 11 criteria were selected in three socioeconomic, hydrological, and geomorphological environments as effective criteria. Then the spatial data in the GIS software was transformed into new information layers. Each of the criteria and sub-criteria was weighted through the process of AHP according to the importance of them in locating the landfill.

The highest and the lowest weight belonged to socioeconomic criterion and the geomorphological criterion with a weight of 0.594 and 0.157, respectively. Finally, the appropriate location map was created for the landfill in four classes including completely appropriate, appropriate, inappropriate, and completely inappropriate. The results showed that 60% of the area was suitable for the landfill site. The site proposed for landfill based on the estimated land area for the next 20 years, was the C site located in the northwest with an area of 2505.788 hectares. In general, C site was more suitable than other sites, and there was little risk for pollution of surface water and environment. It also had the lowest cost of transporting and depositing waste to the landfill, in compliance with the environmental conditions.

The selected site should be considered by Hamidiyeh municipal waste management authorities to bury waste, concerning the unsuitable location of the current landfill site of the city.

To investigate the changing trend of diversity indicators of aquatic and waterfowl overwintering birds in Choghakhor Wetland, the half-winter data are done by Environmental Protection Department of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 1995, 2000,2005,2010, and 2015 and are investigated. Shannon-Weiner, Simpson, Margalef species richness, and Simpson uniformity indicators for aquatic and waterfowl species in Choghakhor wetland have been investigated during studied years. The maximum and minimum values of the Shannon Diversity Index were obtained 4.61(2005) and 4.39 (2010), respectively. According to the Simpson Diversity Index, the maximum values were obtained in years1995, 2000, and 2005 (0.96) and the minimum values were obtained in year2010 and 2015 (0.95). In terms of Margalef species richness, the maximum and minimum species richness were determined in 2005(2.86) and 2015(2.23), respectively. Based on Simpson's uniformity index, the maximum and minimum uniformity in Choghakhor Wetland were determined in995, 2005 (0.89), and 2010 (0.86). The numbers of aquatic species were more than other species. Also, the aquatic birds were more than other species. It seems that the Chaghkhor wetland had better ability to provide nutrition resources for aquatic species and this problem has been highlighted by observing more aquatic birds than species.

Although dust mite incidence has a long history in Khuzestan province, recent decades are one of the areas of interest especially in spring and summer, with negative consequences, which could lead to disruption of electricity systems, short life span, and short life span. Corrosion, fires, breakage of insulators, and numerous financial hints. Since maintenance of electricity lines is one of the most important factors in the sustainability of the electricity grid, however, because many of these lines are located in an open area, they are always subject to damage such as dust, sand, moisture, salt, materials. Are chemical and ... that, when combined with moisture, become out of orbit and unstable in the network, so given the systemic impact of microgravity and climatic parameters on power grid equipment, climatic information and the number of days of dust, shelf life, and measurements. From time to time electrical equipment (96 to 81) Meteorological organizations, environmental and electricity Akhzgrdyd eight synoptic stations were selected using density methods of salt deposits on the insulator surface ESDD soluble and insoluble precipitate another surface density and intensity of infection NSDD sitting insulators on electrical equipment analyzed. After analyzing the destructive effects of contaminants on the power grid, effective solutions were provided to minimize the damages caused by proper planning.