jahangir karami

For many people, marriage is the most important adult relationship they enter into in their lifetime. A messy marriage contract causes pain and suffering, while a happy marriage predicts personal well-being and well-being. The quality of marriage depends on the concept of marital compatibility and provides marital satisfaction.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional couple’s therapy on increasing effective dialogue and marital forgiveness in incompatible couples visiting counseling centers.

The research method was experimental with the research design of the pre-test type. The research community included all couples visiting the Gulistan counseling and Psychology Center in Kermanshah. Through targeted sampling, 30 people from among married women and men who visited counseling and psychology centers were selected as samples and randomly tested and certified in two groups. Research tools included the past questionnaires of the adjective Barry et al. (2005) and the effective dialogue of Queen dam (2004). The data was analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis using the SPSS software version 25.

Analysis of the data showed that couples therapy was effective in effective dialogue and marital forgiveness in incompatible couples (p> 0.05).

Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that couple’s therapy of circuit excitement leads to improved effective dialogue and marital forgiveness

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-compassion training on suicidal thoughts and experiential avoidance of parents with children with physical disabilities.The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest/posttest design and a control group.The statistical population of the study included all parents with children with physical and motor disabilities covered by the welfare of Kermanshah in 2023. Among them, 20 people (16 women and 4 men) were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (10 people in each group). The tools used included suicide ideation scale (BSSI) and acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ-II). The experimental group underwent eight 90-minute sessions of self-compassion training based on Gilbert's protocol, and the control group did not receive any program. Data analysis was done by SPSS-24 software using univariate analysis of covariance.The results showed that self-compassion training has an effect on reducing suicidal thoughts and experiential avoidance of parents with children with physical disabilities (P<0.001). Therefore, self-compassion can be used to prevent suicide and also to increase the acceptance of feelings and emotions of parents with children with physical disabilities.

This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the mothers of children aged 6 to 12 years (boys and girls) with signs of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Kermanshah city. The sampling method was accessible, and for this purpose, a sample of 30 people was selected based on the criteria for entering the study, and they were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 10 90-minute sessions of parenting education based on acceptance and commitment.there was no intervention in the control group. Finally, the collected data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics using SPSS software. The findings showed that parenting training based on acceptance and commitment in the post-test and follow-up phase had a significant effect on the improvement of parent-child interaction in the mothers of the experimental group compared to the control group and increased the components of closeness and dependence and decreased the conflict component. Increased self-efficacy and psychological flexibility in the mothers of the experimental group compared to the controlled group and these changes continued until the follow-up stage.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and obsessive-compulsive disorder: the mediating role of self-regulation.

The research method was descriptive-correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population of the study was all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder referred to public and private psychiatric clinics in Kermanshah City in 2021. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and receiving the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder by a psychiatrist and based on structured clinical interviews (DSM-5) were selected by convenience sampling. Research tools included obsessive-compulsive disorder questionnaires Foa et al (2002), Self-regulation Ibanez et al (2005), and young schemas (2005). Descriptive indices and structural equation analysis in SPSS-21 and PLS-3 software were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the proposed model has a good fit (NFI = 0.90 and SRMR = 0.079). The results of the analysis showed that early maladaptive schemas have a positive and significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder and self-regulation has a negative and significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Primary maladaptive schemas also affect obsessive-compulsive disorder through self-regulation.

The findings of this study suggest that the role of early maladaptive schemas and self-regulation should be considered in designing psychological interventions for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital conflicts through the mediating role of self-compassion in married couples referring to Kermanshah counselling centers. The present study was a description of the correlation type with the path analysis method. The statistical population was all married clients to Kermanshah counselling centers in the first ten months of 2023, from which 210 samples were selected as available. The subjects completed the questionnaires of early maladaptive schemas, self-compassion and marital conflict. Data were analyzed through Pearson's correlation coefficient test and path analysis through SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software. The results showed that the proposed model has a good fit. The findings revealed that all five areas of early maladaptive schemas have a negative relationship with self-compassion and positive relationship with marital conflict. Also, self-compassion has a negative relationship with marital conflict. The results of the path analysis showed that all five domains of early maladaptive schemas are related to marital conflict through self-compassion. Considering the marital conflict effects on families and society, considering the variables used this research can provide the basis for planning to control the frequency of marital conflicts and reduce destructive conflicts.

Iran and Russia have some common issues due to their geographical proximity; on other hand, these two countries have nearly identical perspectives on some regional and global political and security issues, and they can use their capacities to create a model of complementary cooperation between the two countries.Yet, political-security concerns on the regional and global levels, particularly with regard to US policy towards the two nations, have always impacted these collaborations. Examining the history of relations between Iran and Russia over the last four decades reveals that the United States of America has consistently played the most important and influential role in Tehran-Moscow relations.However, an examination of America's influence on the ups and downs of Iran-Russia relations reveals that this factor has established milestones in increasing Iran and Russia's common understanding of being on the same axis.The existing assumptions also show that, as a result of regional and international trends, cybernetic logic has emerged in the development of Iran-Russia relations with the goal of balancing the threat against America, which may lead to the realization of the Iran-Russia strategic alliance scenario.In this study, the trend effect analysis method is used to identify the role of the United States in the process of Iran-Russia relations, and the new and potential dimensions of Tehran-Moscow relations are identified as a result of the American component.

Social Influence is one of important subjects in social Pychology and Interpersonal Relationship especially in work environment, that affects on important career consequences. His study was conducted with the aim of investigating the simple and multiplier effect of Social Influence on Social Responsibility and organizational commitment among employees of Imam Hospital in Ahwaz. The research method was descriptive and the statistical population included all Employees and Nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz. 200 Employees were selected by simple random sampling method. To measure the variables Social Influence Questionnaire (Yukl & Falbe 2003), Social Responsibility Questionnaire (Carroll, 1998) and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Meyer and Allen, 1991) were used. For data analysis, and regression analysis were used by SPSS-22 software. The results of the research showed that Social Influence and its dimensions have a significant role in predicting social responsibility and organizational commitment of employees (p <0/001). According to the research results, it can be claimed that managers who have stronger social influence on their employees, employees have higher social responsibility to the organization, colleagues and clients, and the more social influence on employees, employees will have higher organizational commitment.

The aim of this study investigated the effect of childhood trauma on the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder with a mediating role of self-regulation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. In this descriptive correlational study, 300 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (161 females and 139 males) referred to public and private psychiatric clinics in Kermanshah according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and receiving a diagnosis Obsessive-compulsive disorder was selected by a psychiatrist based on structured clinical interview (DSM-5) randomly according to the number of their medical records. The instruments used in this study included Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-V), Revised Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Questionnaire by Foua et al. (2002) and the short form of Bernstein et al.'s (2003) Child Trauma Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by structural equation analysis in SPSS-21 and AMOS-24 software. The findings showed that the proposed model has a good fit with the data. In this model, the significant and direct effect of each of the variables of childhood trauma (0.405) and self-regulation (-0.163) on obsessive-compulsive disorder and also the indirect and significant effect of childhood trauma on obsessive-compulsive disorder (0.712) 0) was shown with the mentioned values (all P s <0.001).

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement (MBRE) and Emotion Focused (EFT) therapies on marital satisfaction and intimacy in couples with low self-disclosure. This research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all the couples who referred to the counseling centers of Kermanshah, Iran, in 2022-2023 who had a low level of self-disclosure. 30 couples were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The first experimental group underwent MBRE (eight 90-minute couple sessions) and the second experimental group EFT intervention (nine 90-minute couple sessions). The control group did not receive any intervention. The Marital Self-Disclosure (Waring et al. 1998), the short form of the Marital Satisfaction (Favers and Olson, 1993) and the Intimacy (Walker and Thompson, 1983) scales were used for collecting the data. The results of Analysis of Variance with repeated measures (Mixed Model) showed that both interventions increased marital satisfaction and intimacy (p<0.01) and this effect was maintained during the follow-up period. Also, findings indicated that there is a significant difference between MBRE and EFT therapies; MBRE has been more effective in increasing marital satisfaction and intimacy than EFT (p<0.05). MBRE has been more effective than the EFT on solving the marital satisfaction and intimacy due to the involvement of couples in mind-body relationship and mental self-awareness. Therefore, this treatment is suggested to marital counselors.

Gopolitics, like any other science, has general rules and specific patterns and this issue has provided the feasibility of the school of geopolitics in the field of global thought. In Russian scientific circles, due to the country's role in the balance of international power in the last three centuries, thinking about Russian geopolitics has become a vital necessitybut the important issue in this field has been the dispersion of opinions and the instability of propositions over time and finding a common point of view for the formulation of the special Russian school in this field.

Research questions: 

The main question raised in this research is how to talk about the Russian geopolitical school and understand its central concepts?Research hypothesis: The author's hypothesis is that despite the dispersion of ideas, their common link and point of commonality can be expressed in the concepts such as maritime inaccessibility, territorial vulnerabilities, the problem of strategic depth, the buffer zone and expansionism as the Russian geopolitical school. Among these, two categories of geographical vulnerability and territorial expansion of the central sign are taken into consideration.

Methodology and theoretical framework: 

To examine the hypothesis of the article, I have used the method of qualitative and thematic content analysis of texts related to Russian geopolitical thought. In this regard, various texts have been written in the last three centuries. Although more distant texts are difficult to access, many new texts refer to the main themes of those writings. To review these texts, the author tried to select the most important ones and then by reviewing them, select the most important thinkers in the field of Russian geopolitical studies. The main basis for selecting indicators such as the age of scientist, the importance of thought, thematic coherence and the reputation of the school of thought was created. In the meantime, of course, some approaches such as Eurasian, Atlantic and Eastern approaches have been less difficultbut this issue regarding other approaches has not been an easy task due to existing differences of opinion.

The main factor that has caused the Russian school of geopolitics to remain limited is that geopolitical ideas in this country, unlike other great powers, are very diverse and controversial and this makes it very difficult to understand. The causes of this diversity can be found in important cases such as territorial expansion and the complexity of factors affecting geopolitics, the diversity and expansion of threats and their types, the issue of empire and the crisis of national identity, the instability of borders and the constant intellectual and identity conflict against the West. From the point of view of Russian geopolitical thinkers, this country is very vast and has many neighbors and has a common land border with fourteen countries and faces various threats in the western, southern and eastern directions. Russia has a territorial connection with the two continents of Europe and Asia and has a close maritime neighborhood with the American continent. Russia has a serious relationship with three global geostrategic regions including Euro-Atlantic, Middle East and East Asia, and therefore, from their point of view, this issue is considered very vital. From the point of view of many thinkers of Russian geopolitical knowledge, to overcome the problems and threats caused by the lack of maritime access and defense vulnerability, this country should put strategies such as strategic depth, buffer zone and territorial expansion on the agenda and this is a fact that has shaped its practical policy in post-Mongol Russia from the 15th century to the present day. The collection of these geopolitical propositions in recent centuries have led to two basic issues in Russia: on the one hand, the need for a powerful government and on the other hand, the creation of an imperial state. However, as a result of the powerful and autocratic government, it has faced the development crisisand the inevitable state of the empire, it has also suffered an identity crisis and both have caused instability in the directions of domestic and foreign policy.

Based on the findings of this article and despite some conflicts, we can talk about the Russian geopolitical school whose main concepts and components are common among different thinkers in this country from the 18th century to the present day. It seems that the reason for the lack of recognition is a kind of denial, neglect, cultural and ideological denial of Russia in the past two centuries by Western academic circles and the lack of translation of Russian texts in Iran, except for some articles on Eurasian approach. Therefore, despite the dispersion of views in the field of Russian geographical studies, concepts such as maritime inaccessibility, territorial inaccessibility, defense vulnerability, lack of strategic depth, the necessity of a buffer zone, and expansionist politics are the common variables of these views and geographical vulnerability, especially in the western regions, and territorial expansion in the surrounding environment are the focal points of this geopolitical school.The findings of the article showed that the realities of Russian geography and the concerns of the thinkers of geographical studies have provided important possibilities for the presentation of the Russian geopolitical school along with its other western counterparts and without it, a deep understanding of the country's foreign policy becomes difficult. With its help, important progress can be made for the countries around Russia and especially Iran, which has been one of its victims in a wide area from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean.

The structure of the family is constantly evolving, in which step-parents play a fundamental and undeniable role in the course of its evolution. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between resilience and sexual knowledge with marital intimacy in couples with stepchildren in 1401 in Kermanshah city. The current research is descriptive of the correlation type.

The statistical population includes all couples with stepchildren in the city of Kermanshah, which were selected using the accessible sampling method of 200 parents based on the inclusion criteria. To collect data, Walker and Thompson's (1983) Marital Intimacy Questionnaires, Granfsky et al.'s (2001), Conner and Davidson's Resilience (2003), Ann Hooper's Sexual Knowledge (1992) questionnaires were used. IBM AMOS 24 software was used for data analysis.

The results showed that resilience and sexual knowledge directly have a significant relationship with marital intimacy (p≥0.05). Also, the results showed that cognitive emotion regulation has a significant relationship with marital intimacy in couples with stepchildren (p≥0.05). Other results showed that cognitive emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between resilience and sexual knowledge with marital intimacy in couples with stepchildren (p≥0.05).

Based on this, it can be concluded that since troubled relationships and problems between couples affect children, paying attention to the intimacy of couples and teaching structures such as resilience, sexual knowledge, and helping to regulate emotions in couples can help create intimacy between couples. Be influential with the stepchild.

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on reducing irritability and aggression in Middle school students in Kermanshah city. The study employed a semi-experimental research design with a pre-test-post-test methodology and a control group. The statistical population included boy students who were studying in the city of Kermanshah in the academic year of 2022-2023. The research sample consisted of 39 people (19 people in the experimental group and 20 people in the control group) who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The research tools included self-report questionnaire of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Boudjerida et al (2022), Affective reactivity Stringaris et al (2012), Achenbach adolescent aggression scale (1991) and clinical interview Nussbaum (2013). The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 60 minutes (two sessions per week) and the control group did not receive any training. At the end of the post-test sessions and finally after 3 months, follow-up was done. Data analysis was performed using the method of Univariate analysis of variance. The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy had a significant effect on reducing irritability and aggression in the post-test and follow-up stages. The findings of this research provide valuable information regarding dialectical behavior therapy, and counselors and psychologists can use this therapy to reduce disruptive behaviors such as irritability and aggression in adolescents with destructive mood disorder.

children with dysgraphia have several visual perception. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of HAMRAH cognitive rehabilitation package on improving visual perception in children with dysgraphia. A semi-experimental in the form of pretest-posttest control group design was used. 40 primary school students with dysgraphia who referred to counseling centers in Kermanshah city in the academic year 2022/2023 were selected. Among them, 40 who were willing to cooperate and were also available according to the entry criteria (having at least three components among the diagnostic criteria of dysgraphia, student and parent satisfaction) and withdrawal (being under other interventions) and after obtaining informed consent, they were randomly selected and and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. After performing the pre-test on both groups, a 12-session HAMRAH cognitive rehabilitation package was performed on the experimental group. Then both groups received the post-test. The data were analyzed using covariance. The results showed that the Hamrah cognitive rehabilitation package has an effect on improving visual perception and its components (spatial communication, spatial perception and shape stability) in children with dysgraphia (P<0.01). However, there was no significant effect on the components of shape-background recognition and motor-visual coordination. It can be concluded that the Hamrah cognitive rehabilitation package can be used as a single treatment or along in combination psychological therapies for students with dysgraphia.

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing, building and validating the educational package of cognitive rehabilitation of dysgraphia "Hamrah". The research method included 6 steps. In the first stage, the necessary information for making the package was collected through books and research background based on the cognitive approach to improve writing skills and executive functions. In the second step, based on the background of the research, major writing problems in dysgraphia were identified. In the third and fourth stages of the research, relevant games were designed and made. In the fifth stage, the validation package was provided to experts in the field of cognitive psychology and specific learning disorders (1 psychologist in the cognitive field, 2 psychologists in the field of specific learning disorders, and 2 experienced primary school teachers in the field of specific learning disorders). For this purpose, a questionnaire with a 4-point spectrum was used. The validation result showed that the package has acceptable validity (CVI=0.85). Finally, the package containing 40 game-based exercises was given to 3 normal students and 2 dysgraphia elementary school students for preliminary testing. In this way, the problems that existed during the execution of the games were identified and resolved. It is suggested that the educational package of cognitive rehabilitation of dysgraphia, along with other treatment methods, should be used in medical centers by experts in the field of learning disorders in order to improve writing skills and improve executive functions for students with dysgraphia

After three decades, the Eurasian region is still facing many issues and problems in the field of development and security, and despite the many possibilities for cooperation and convergence, it still appears to be a conflicted and fragmented region, with important missing linkage that is to enter a period of stability, prosperity and progress. The main question in this article is what are the consequences of Iran's regional policy after the membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization for security and stability in the Eurasian region? The hypothesis is that according to the evolution of Russia's approach in the framework of the Greater Eurasia project, China's new role in the Belt and Road Initiative, Expansion of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Iran's membership, ore opportunities have been provided for Iran's cooperation in the field of trade, transportation and energy transfer, which can have a serious effect on the economic development of the region and strengthen regional security more seriously. The authors have tried to use the theoretical framework of "development and security link" in the new studies of national security to examine the arguments of their hypothesis. To examine the hypothesis, we have used the method of qualitative content analysis of documents, texts, reports and news related to the Eurasian area. The findings of this research show that Iran enters a series of Eurasian cooperation for the third decade of the 21st century, which creates important possibilities for institutionalism, convergence, development and regional security.

In recent decades, due to regional developments in the Eurasian and Middle East regions and especially after the Arab Spring in 2010 the interactions between Russia and Turkey have increased. But the relations between the two countries have progressed from extensive cooperation to the border of breaking ties. The main issue in this regard is that the regional level of interactions between the two countries has become more important than any other period, and Turkey has become one of the most important issues of Russia's foreign and security policy. This article answers the question what is Turkey's position in Russia's national security policy? The hypothesis is that Turkey is a potential threat to the national security of the Russian Federation due to its special geopolitical position in the export of Russian energy resources, membership in NATO and influence in the Caucasus region, as well as limiting Russia's regional influence in the Middle East. While Turkey poses a threat, it also has important possibilities and opportunities for Russia as a strategic partner. This issue has guaranteed the continuation of relations between the two countries. To discuss about this hypothesis, the method of qualitative analysis of variables and measuring their logical relationship through data taken from books, articles and reports of reputable research centers, especially in Russia, has been used. The theoretical basis of these discussions is offensive realism, and the achievement of this article is that the correct understanding of Turkey's position in the security policy of Russia has clearly shown the possibilities and limitations of the regional relations between Iran and Russia.

The current study has aimed to investigate the prevalence of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder among the middle school students in kermanshah city. The design of this research is descriptive- survey. 584 students (282 boys and 302 girls) were selected by a multistage cluster sampling method and were assessed using the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder questionnaire. The data was analyzed by spss26 software using descriptive and inferential statistical methods including chi-square test. The results showed that the prevalence of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in students in general is 11.13, in boys 13.82 and in girls 8.60. There was a significant difference between the mean score of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and gender (p=0.001) and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and students' education area (p=0.024). But there was no significant difference between disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and age and educational level. The results showed that the prevalence of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in adolescent boys and girls of kermanshah city is high therefore, the necessity of preventive and therapeutic measures from the education of this province and also health decision makers is revealed.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotional regulation protocol on family functioning and marital commitment in couples with low resilience.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the couples referring to education counseling centers in Kermanshah city in 2021 who had low resilience. 30 couples were selected as a sample using available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. In order to collect data, Sikby's resilience questionnaires (2005), Epstein and Baldwin Bishop's family functioning (1983) and Adams and Jones' marital commitment (1997) were used. The experimental group received the emotional regulation protocol for 12 sessions (one session per week, each session 45 minutes). The meetings were held in groups.

During this time, the control group did not receive any intervention. Using analysis of covariance in the SPSS-25 software, the effectiveness of emotion regulation protocol on family functions and marital commitment was confirmed.

Based on the results of this research, it is suggested to use the protocol of this research to improve marital commitment and family functions in family counseling centers.

Today, it is known that employees who have higher psychological well-being will be more resistant to stress and maintain physical and mental well-being and happiness in the face of stress. In fact, psychological well-being includes performance and satisfaction, reducing stress, reducing absenteeism, and related organizational performance and behaviors (3). Meanwhile, the organizational moral climate is one of the influencing variables on psychological well-being. Ethical climate not only determines decision-making and its behavioral consequences in response to two ways and ethical issues, but also determines ethical criteria for understanding, evaluating and solving these issues (4).Another variable related to psychological well-being is organizational health. The role of organizational health in the psychological well-being of employees is such that in occupational health issues, it is mainly used to refer to the health status of employees, and one of the main methods of measuring it is to examine the psychological well-being of people. Because in a healthy organization, employees will work without any physical, mental, occupational stress and in complete peace, which provides the grounds for the productivity of the organization on the one hand and the productivity of the employees on the other hand. (8). Pivotal self-evaluations are also one of the variables that can affect how employees evaluate and react to their work environment and actually adjust psychological well-being. Pivotal self-evaluations as evaluations and measurements The basis that people do based on their values, abilities, talents and qualifications has been defined (9). In other words, core self-evaluations refer to a person's conclusions about who he is and how he perceives himself. This concept consists of four dimensions: self-esteem, self-efficacy, skill level, emotional stability, and low neuroticism (10).It can be said that due to the fact that the psychological well-being of the employees of the organizations is of special importance and the improvement of the psychological well-being of the employees helps to improve the level of public health in the society and on the other hand, the identification of important factors and Effectiveness in increasing psychological well-being is important and necessary, and since according to the searches carried out in previous researches, a research simultaneously deals with the effect of organizational ethical climate, organizational health and self-evaluation centered on psychological well-being. It was not observed, therefore, the present study examined the effect of these factors on psychological well-being.

To conduct the current applied research, which is a correlation-survey type and was approved by the ethics committee in research of the Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj, with the code of ethics number IR.IAU.SDJ.REC.1400.061. The researcher first went to the central branch of the National Bank of Alborz province and after explaining the purpose of the research and getting the satisfaction of the officials, he went to the branches of the National Bank of Alborz province with the introduction letter in hand, and among the employees of all the branches (761 people), 274 people were selected using the sample method. Multi-stage cluster sampling of the Plant formula was determined as a sample, and for more validity, 327 people were selected as a sample. Finally, in order to collect the necessary data, standard questionnaires were used in this research, which include: psychological well-being (Reif, 2000), organizational health (Hoy and Feldman, 1996), organizational ethical climate ( Powell, 2000) and core self-evaluation (Judge et al., 2003). In the end, spss23 and LISREL statistical software and structural equation method were used to analyze the data.

According to what is shown in the above table: the psychological well-being variable has a strong positive relationship with moral atmosphere (0.619), self-evaluation (0.613), organizational health (0.459) at the significance level of 0.1 It has 0. The variable of self-evaluation has a moderate positive relationship with moral climate (0.467) and organizational health (0.32) at a significance level of 0.01. After evaluating the measurement model, the structural model of the research was tested using the structural equation modeling method. In this model (Chart 1), it was assumed that organizational health and moral climate are related to psychological well-being through self-evaluation. Examining the fit indices obtained from the structural model test of the research showed that, as expected, the obtained chi-square showed the fit of the model with the data (p < 0.05, df = 720, df = 720 (2c = 1322.972). ), other fit indices were also examined (DF2=1.837, CFI=0.914, GFI=0.9, AGFI=0.81 and RMSEA=0.051) and it was observed that indicates the acceptable fit of the model with the data. Table 4 shows the coefficients of the path of organizational health and moral climate with psychological well-being with the mediation of self-evaluation in the structural model.

The findings show that the coefficient of the indirect mediating path of central self-evaluation between moral climate and organizational health is significant. In explaining this hypothesis, it can be said that moral climate and organizational health, with the mediation of self-evaluation, are the key components that make psychological well-being definable for employees. Psychological well-being includes emotional responses of people, satisfaction with life and judgment about the quality of life. The findings of this research prove the claim that moral climate, organizational health and central self-evaluation have an effect on psychological well-being.The research findings also show that the coefficient of the direct path between organizational ethical climate and psychological well-being is significant. In explaining this finding, it can be said that psychological well-being requires an emotional inner state that arises as a psychological response to the work environment, this inner emotional state is created by trust, cooperation, cohesion, autonomy, mutual support. , the preservation of moral values ​​or a combination of these factors, which is one of the clear characteristics of an ethical atmosphere in the organization, arises (18). The findings of the research also show that the coefficient of the indirect path between the organizational ethical climate and the psychological well-being of National Bank employees is significant. In explaining this finding, it can be said that moral climate is considered as a positive situational resource that has a positive effect on people's work experiences. Self-centered evaluation also acts as a positive personality resource, which on the other hand allows people to invest in acquiring additional resources, which in turn leads to positive personal returns for them. and on the other hand, it can be used as a kick for the threats of a person's resources when he is faced with unfavorable conditions. Moral climate is a situational resource that provides favorable conditions that activate the process of self-regulation of people with high self-evaluations to invest individual resources in order to acquire positive resources. The result of this is the increase in the well-being of employees. (19).The research findings also show that the indirect path coefficient between organizational health and psychological well-being of National Bank employees is significant. In explaining this finding, it can be said that the unconscious conclusions andevaluations that people make about themselves can effectively affect the employees' sense of usefulness in the organization, and when the organization provides an environment where employees feel achieve personal growth and development, they like and accept most of the exciting work that provides inner satisfaction, and they will look for responsibility and opportunities for career advancement and success, and in fact, in a healthy organization, people are interested in their workplace. They are forthcoming, committed, conscientious, and benefit from high morale and performance, all of which lead to employees' life satisfaction.

Russia has been a prominent European great power since the 18th century, and later a world power. In the context of great power competition, Russian foreign and security policies have been attractive topics for the international relations (IR) theorists who have developed concepts such as the "Great Game", "Heartland", "Class Transnationalism" and "Strategic Parity" mainly in relation to Russia's foreign policy. Over the last decades, significant efforts have been undertaken in Russia in order to understand European and international politics, and these efforts have reached a point that one can now speak of the evolution of the Russian international relations theory. Indeed, the main question of this article is as follows: How have the fundamental issues of the state been reflected in the Russian IR theory? In the research hypothesis, it is claimed that domestic politics play a determining role in the development of IR theories. The Russian approach to IR theory building is different from the western approaches to IR theory. While the current trend in the main debates of IR theories in the western academic and research institutions have been about the nature, method and philosophical foundations of these theories, in Russia there have been major debates around the issues of identity, security and development, which have led to conflicting views of internationalism, statism, civilizational and geopolitical approaches. The author discusses positivist approach to IR which is best described as one which advocates a unified view of science, and calls for the use of methodologies of the natural sciences—most often quantitative data analysis—to study IR. The author also explores the arguments of the critics of the positivist approach from the perspective of critical studies and sociology of science and discusses the likelihood of acceptability of indigenous theory of IR.The main finding of this article is that we cannot identify a fully indigenous Russian theory of IR at present, but the attitudes in the four schools (i.e., internationalist, statist, civilizationist, geostrategist attitudes) are such that they provide important opportunities to build a truly indigenous Russian theory of IR. In fact, the main concern of Russian theorists during the 1991-2022 period had been the issues of identity, security and development, regardless of the schools of thoughts to which they belonged. In fact, there have been general debates about the identity of the Russian state, the expansion of Western institutions and their influence, and the need to overcome economic development problems. Internationalists define Russian identity within the Western world and advocate cooperation with Western institutions, and do not consider any security policies other than in connection with European and global institutions. Russian statists believe the identity of the Russian state is influenced by a combination of local and regional factors, which do not clash necessarily with the Western world except for issues related to survival. They argue that Russian security depends on the maintenance of a regional balance, increased comprehensive interactions with other countries (including the Western countries), and implementation of pragmatic development and modernization policies. Russian civilizationists emphasize the exclusive aspects of identity, security, preservation of local traditions and culture. In contrast, Russian scholars in the geopolitical school with its widespread security concerns and the feeling of being surrounded and threatened by the West, emphasize an anti-Western approach to the policy formulation for countering Western military-security threats. It is not surprising that they supported Moscow’s policies in the war against Ukraine. The main problem in all four schools of thought is related to the debate about the best way to deal with foreign academic circles to enrich their concepts and theories. The intellectual space created during the 1985-1999 reform period facilitated Russian academic interactions and collaboration within the transnational space, but the escalation of tensions between Russia and NATO member states over the war in Ukraine gradually created a more restricted and state-oriented environment which have been widening the gap between Russian academic institutions and international teaching and research centers. However, given the globalization of communication and information technologies and capabilities, the intellectual space of IR studies in Russia will continue to grow and the intellectual fences of the Soviet era are unlikely to reappear to prevent Russian academic interactions with the outside world.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceived organizational support on job engagement and organizational citizenship behavior with mediating role of psychological capital.

The research population includes the employees of Oxin Steel Company in Ahvaz in 2016, from which 300 employees were selected by simple random method. The research instruments included Perceived Organizational Support Questionnaire, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Work Engagement Scale and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Questionnaire. The research design was correlational through structural equation modeling (SEM). Evaluation of the proposed model was done using SPSS and AMOS version 22 softwares. In order to determine the significance of mediation effects in the proposed model, the bootstrap method was used in the preacher and Hayes Macro program.

The results of the study showed that the proposed model has a good fit with the data. The direct effects of perceived organizational support and psychological capital on job engagement and organizational citizenship behavior were significant. Findings also showed that perceived organizational support has direct effect on psychological capital (the mediator). Results of indirect effects supported the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between perceived organizational support and job engagement and organizational citizenship behavior. 

When employees perceive organizational support, it enhances their psychological capital and the result is more job engagement and also organizational citizenship behaviors. On the basis of this results, for increasing perceived organizational support, recommended to to announce employees frequently that desirable practices which organization prepare for them like promotions and rewards, job safety, and autonomy, leads to decreasing organizational and job stressors, arising from discretion of the organization to improve employees' well-being at work setting. In other words, there is not any external power to force the organization to create pleasant working conditions. To practice this, top managers should focus their concern toward employees' well-being. It should also contain development of a kind of organizational culture that supervisor support be rewarded and noticed and a part of supervisor's performance appraisal be assigned to the quality of supervisor-subordinate relationship.

The idea of populism or Narodniki in Russia has received less attention in Iran because it has been placed in the shadow of Russian communist leftist ideas. Conceptually, this idea is far beyond populism and Russian communism, and has had wide-ranging effects both in Russia and outside of this country. How this thought has been able to be so influential is the main issue in this article that the authors have tried to analyze with the aim of investigating its roots, dimensions and consequences. In fact, the main question is how populist thought appeared in Russia and why did it become an effective and widespread trend? The hypothesis of this article is that the idea of populism emerged as a reaction to the neglect of the role of the people in the political life of Russia in the second half of the 19th century, and because of its acceptance by intellectuals and based on a combination of three British constitutional and democratic views. French socialism and Russian nativism were spread. To investigate this hypothesis, we have used the analytical-descriptive method of political thoughts from the perspective of Thomas Spragens and in a qualitative format. The finding of this article is that social issues have arisen and the intellectual responses of thinkers, despite their own timeliness, have been reproduced in a way for centuries and are still useful and very important for understanding the social and political conditions of the periods after that.

"Strategic Pre-planning" is an Approach that Uses Objective and Future-Oriented Analyzes to First Draw a Complete and Clear Picture of the Future of the Research Subject and then, Using Special Models and Techniques, Determine the Strategy and Probable and Desirable Scenarios. and Processes their Results. Iran and Turkmenistan are two Countries with a Common Cultural-Civilizational history and a water-land neighbor, and in three political, economic and cultural fields, the two countries have suitable capacities and opportunities to establish strategic bilateral relations, and these capacities and opportunities happen to be "complementary" significantly. They are relative to each other. By adopting an explanatory and "interdisciplinary" method, the research tried to analyze the foreign policy strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Turkmenistan and to answer the question: What are the foreign policy strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the country of Turkmenistan and whether these strategies were successful and dynamic. Passive and unsuccessful? In response to the research problem, this hypothesis was proposed that Iran's foreign policy strategies have been passive and unsuccessful due to internal weaknesses and environmental challenges. The research results show that the chance of Iran's foreign policy favorable scenarios in Turkmenistan is very low due to various challenges and weaknesses. The method of collecting information was document-library research.

At the beginning of the third decade of the new century, the relations between Russia and the United States have become more hostile than ever. After the Ukraine crisis of 2014, the political process of resuming relations, which was proposed by the so-called “Reset” in 2009, completely ended and the two sides began to face each other on some global issues after two decades. Basically, relations among Russia and the United States play an important role in the world politics. As various analysts claim that Moscow and Washington have emerged as nuclear superpowers, by maintaining a significant influence on the process of international affairs, if they maintain partnership and cooperations, they can make a significant contribution to solving global problems such as fighting terrorism, preventing drug trafficing, cooperation in the field of energy and preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. But these cooperations continued only for a decade and with the Ukraine crisis and Russia's strong criticism of the expansion of NATO in Eastern Europe, it turned into a major global tension.

Research Question: 

What are the important international implications of the strategic competition between Russia and the United States?Research Hypothesis: It has been hypothesized that Russia's competition with the United States in strategic matters has led to the aggressiveness of its foreign policy to the point of war with Europe. If this trend continues and the structures left over from the post-World War II and the Cold War era, such as the United Nations and the strategic arms control system are destroyed, the world will face a very big crisis followed by widespread chaos.

Methodology and Theoretical Framework: 

Our theoretical approach is strategic realism based on the components of Thomas Schilling, which emphasizes the limited and wise use of power to prevent a full-scale nuclear war. In this research, we have used the method of qualitative analysis and explanation with the approach of selective content analysis of data and at the same time the specialized analysis of the subject under discussion has also been taken into consideration. 

It seems that a major part of this strategic competition is due to the idea that from the Kremlin's point of view, the United States and its allies have observed the feeling of insecurity in Russia by exerting pressure on this country in the strategic space. Russia's opposition to the expansion of NATO to Eastern Europe is due to the fact that by changing the military-strategic point of view, this issue not only leads to greater vulnerability of Russia, but also provides the basis for creating new spaces for the influence of western powers. Kremlin leaders are trying to make Russia play a role in important international issues by becoming a great power. Weakening the United States is one of the ways to achieve this goal. Given Moscow's understanding of the growing decline of the liberal world order, Russia wants to fill this void and play a role in it. By not accepting the international system and regional arrangements that were established after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia has sought to return to the international system after the end of World War II. As a result, Russia is placed among powers that determine the fate of the world. They compete with each other and mutual respect for interests and spheres of influence is the only factor preventing this competition. Russia does not recognize the idea of a rules-based order promoted by the US and the West, as the West seeks to create rules and impose them on the world community.

Examining the contexts, dimensions and consequences of the strategic competition between Russia and the US, shows that Russia's view of the international system is geopolitical, security and realistic, which has made international relations a dangerous and unreliable environment. Although this attitude on the US side is justified with less hardware concepts, in practice it is not much different from Russia and has continued to expand its rival military alliance. Despite such a tense, critical and military atmosphere, both great powers have refused to enter into a big and direct war with each other based on Thomas Schilling's strategic realism, because the strategic wisdom of their elites is well aware of the terrible dimensions of such a war and in the 2022 war in Ukraine, we saw that in order to preserve their existence, the two sides did not enter each other's red lines but the military adventures were drawn into a direct confrontation. But the main issue in the competition between the United States and Russia is the situation of "global strategic stability". This concept means the balance of fear between Moscow and Washington, which is considered the guarantor of global stability and security. Despite many ups and downs, the Russians still emphasize it and in all their strategic documents, including the latest foreign policy planning document published on March 31, 2023, they still consider it the main guarantor of peace and security. It seems that the war in Ukraine has dealt a final blow to this concept and it will be difficult to revive it. The world will enter a more dangerous period after this situation.

 This study designed and developed in order to identify and be aware of the lived experience of successful students with low social and economic status. Successful students are those who been admitted to desirable academic disciplines with relatively low grades. The research method is qualitative and the researcher has obtained the data using semi-structured interviews with the respondents. The statistical population included Kermanshah province and the statistical sample included 18 respondents from some cities of this province. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. The findings showed that 45 categories were identifiable in the first stage, which could be converted into 4 categories. The main categories included subjective-objective experiences and positive-negative experiences. The findings also showed that there is a systematic relationship between the formation of these experiences so that first mental-positive experiences are involved in the process of student success and then objective-negative experiences and finally in a process of overcoming success. To be. Based on the findings, motivation-barrier are the two main categories that play a role as a link between these four main components.