jannan ghapanchi

Oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) could be premalignant lesions. Hence, it is critical to investigate the epidemiologic aspects of oral lichenoid lesions. This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of oral lichenoid reaction in patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, during 2007-2018. All clinically and histopathologically documented files of oral lichen planus (OLP)- like lesions were evaluated, and oral lichenoid reactions were identified. The site of oral involvement, potential causes of OLL, and medications accompanied with OLL were all documented. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Of the 191 patients with OLL, 137 (71.7%) were females, and 54 (28.3%) were males, with a mean age of 46.242 ± 13.77. In contrast, the control group consisted of 190 patients with OLP. The control group included 112 women (58.9%) and 78 (41.5%) men. The mean age of patients with OLP was 45.4 ± 11.16 years old, which matched the OLL group. Medications (48.2%) and amalgam restorations (52%) were the two most common causes of lichenoid reaction. While levothyroxine was used more frequently (17.8%) in patients with OLP, anti-hypertensive (30.4%) medications were used more predominantly in patients with OLL. In the present research, 8.23% of lichenoid lesions and 4.2% of OLP exhibited dysplastic change. The prevalence of OLL was 15.8% in patients who were referred to the Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry. The prevalence of dysplasia was statistically higher in OLL patients (P < 0.0001). The odds ratio was 4.6, 95% CI: 2.06-10.28. This study showed that the prevalence of dysplasia was statistically higher in OLL patients.

Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that can develop into a malignancy. This study aimed to compare the IL-37 gene variant (rs4241122) in oral lichen planus patients and the healthy controls.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran). 70 serum samples from patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and 100 serum samples from healthy volunteers were collected from 2018 to 2019. The IL-37 polymorphism (rs4241122) in OLP patients and healthy controls was assessed using a PCR test, and its relationship with the location and type of OLP lesions, sex, and age was investigated. A Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between OLP and genotype, genotype and location, and the lesion type. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The OLP group included 46 women (66 %) and 24 men (34%) with a mean age of 45.71 ± 13.2 years old. The healthy control group consisted of 61 women (61%) and 39 men (39%), with a mean age of 43.9 ± 10.39 years. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of genotype and polymorphism of IL-37 rs4241122.

In this study, there was no difference between polymorphism of IL-37 (rs4241122) and OLP lesions. However, allele A was more prevalent in healthy controls than in OLP patients.

This study aimed to assess the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of lncRNA (long non-coding RNA) H19 rs217727 in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) compared to controls.

We collected 270 DNA samples of OLP cases and healthy individuals. We used the ARMS-PCR tetra primer for DNA genotyping and applied specific primer pairs.

The prevalence of the rs217727 C allele was lower in OLP cases than in healthy subjects (P = 0.005). The prevalence of TT genotypes of H19 rs217727 was greater in OLP patients compared with healthy subjects (5.71% vs 1.5%). Also, the TT genotype in the codominant model was associated with a 5.15-fold higher risk of OLP (P = 0.02). In the dominant model, the CT+TT genotypes were associated with a 2.09-fold greater risk of OLP (P = 0.007). The H19 rs217727 polymorphism was linked to a 3.95-fold greater risk of OLP in the recessive model (P = 0.05) (TT vs. CC+CT).Also, in the over-dominant model, the CT genotypes were related to a 1.78-fold greater risk of OLP (P = 0.03).

This study demonstrated a significant link between lncRNA H19 polymorphism and OLP lesions. Further studies on larger populations are necessary to confirm this relationship.

Statement of the Problem: 

Determining the prevalence of respiratory viruses' coinfection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential to defining its true clinical influence.

This study aimed to evaluate co-infection rates between severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infected patients in Shiraz, south of Iran.

In a cross-sectional descriptive study, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA), and saliva samples of 50 COVID-19 patients who were referred to Ali-Asghar hospital (Shiraz, Iran) from March to August 2020, were collected. A control group consisted of age and sex-matched healthy participants. The nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal aspirates were collected by sterile swabs. All cases were hospitalized, and all SARS-CoV-2 patients had a fever and respiratory symptoms. The samples were packed in a vial with 1 mL of transport medium and transported to the Valfagre specialty laboratory, where they were tested for RSV using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

100 nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal aspirates and saliva samples including 50 healthy controls (24 females, 26 males) and 50 COVID-19 patients' samples (27 males and 23 females) were studied. There was no significant difference regarding age as well as gender between both groups (P>0.05). None of the healthy subjects was infected with RSV; however, 5(10%) patients from COVID-19 group were infected with the RSV virus. Chi-square test did not show a significant difference between RSV infection in COVID-19 patients and healthy subjects.

The outcome of present research showed that concurrent RSV with COVID 19 infection might be seen in hospitalized patients in Shiraz Southwest of Iran. For more reliable findings, further research on bigger populations, including more pathogens in several places around the country, and considering the severity of symptoms is required.

Liver transplantation has turn into a standard management for chronic liver failure (CLF), and the number of recipients increased during the last few years. Enterococci are progressively related to nosocomial and opportunistic infections. Oral cavity may act as a reservoir for this species, especially in cases with oral infection. Immunocompromised patients are prone to serious enterococci‑related disease. This study investigated the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in the saliva samples of patient candidates for liver transplantation.

In this cross‑sectional study the saliva samples of 100 patient candidates for liver transplantation and 100 age‑ and sex‑matched healthy control group were collected. Bacterial DNA was extracted from the samples and E. faecalis was detected using polymerase chain reaction test. Fisher’s exact test and Mann–Whitney test were used to correlate the positive and negative cases with the disease. Statistically, a significant difference was considered when P < 0.05.

There was no significant difference between both groups for the presence of E. faecalis. This bacterium isolated from the saliva of two cases in the study group and only one healthy control. The higher rate of carious teeth were detected in the oral cavity of CLF cases than control group (P = 0.001).

Patients with chronic liver diseases assessed in this research showed a higher incidence of poor oral health and caries compared with the healthy controls, but there was no statistical difference in the presence of E. faecalis in saliva samples of each group. Complete oral examination, dental treatment, and oral hygiene instruction are necessary for all these cases before liver transplantation.

Objectives This study aimed to assess PD-1gene polymorphism in salivary gland tumors in patients referred to Khalili Hospital in Shiraz. Methods This case-control study evaluated 48 patients with salivary gland tumors and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. First, 5cc blood samples were obtained from patients and transferred to vials containing anti-coagulated EDTA. DNA was extracted, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed on the samples. The PD-1 gene genotype was determined using the Fermentas kit. After 24 hours of incubation, all the samples were electrophoresed. The genotypes were reported based on the size of bands, and the chi-square test was applied. To compare the alleles, the Fisher’s Exact test was applied. The Yates correction was used to compare the genotype and genotypic alleles based on the tumor grade. Results The mean age was 44.81±15.69 years in patients and 46.54± 13.86 years in controls. Statistical analysis did not show any significant difference in PD1 gene polymorphism between the two groups (P=0.098). No significant correlation was found between the genotype frequency and lymph node involvement (P=0.06), tumor genotype (P=0.12), side (right or left) (P=0.22), tumor location (P=0.27), and size or invasion of the tumor to the surrounding tissue (P=0.14). PD1.3 genotype frequency did not differ significantly between malignant and benign tumors (P=0.6). Conclusion This study did not reveal any significant difference in genotype frequency of PD1.3 in the patient and control groups; however, further studies are needed with a larger sample size to obtain more accurate results

In hemodialysis patients, there are some oral hard and soft tissue changes.
The aim of this single-center, cross-sectional study was to evaluate oral findings in hemodialysis patients.
Patients and A total of 144 patients participated. Of them, 28 patients (19%) had diabetes mellitus (DM), 17 patients (12%) had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 15 patients (10%) had severe hypertension. The oral cavity was inspected by an oral medicine specialist using proper light, mirror and explorer. The lips, cheek, tongue, palatal mucosa, floor of the mouth, gingiva, pharyngeal fauces, dentures, teeth and occlusion were checked. The significance level was P Around 78% of the studied population had oral manifestations. The most diagnosed finding in hemodialysis patients was dryness of the mouth followed by tooth loss due to mobility and poor oral hygiene. Diabetic cases showed numerous oral symptoms than nondiabetic subjects.
Oral lesions in hemodialysis patients is a prominent finding and untreated lesions may cause severe side effects.

The number of patients with chronic liver failure (CLF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) referred to dental clinics are increasing. However, there are few studies about the effect of these diseases on jaw bones.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the inferior mandibular cortex changes of the patients with CLF and CKD that are candidate for liver and kidney transplantation, in panoramic views.
Patients and Panoramic radiographs were obtained from 83 patients with a history of CLF and 43 patients with CKD who were undergoing the assessment for transplantation and also 126 control cases. The mean was calculated for the width of inferior mandibular cortex. The relationship between the thicknesses of the inferior mandibular cortex with the duration of disease was determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. T and chisquare tests were used for evaluating the inferior cortex of the mandible according to age and sex, respectively.
Compared with the control group, the means of the cortical thickness in CLF and CRF patients were significantly different (P Compared with normal population, a decrease in the thickness of inferior mandibular cortex is observed in CKD and CLF patients. This decrease is not affected by age and duration of the disease but is meaningfully related to sex, especially females.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), is a relatively new imaging technique in dental and maxillofacial fields, with versatile abilities and applications. If the advantage of CBCT is well understood and established; the technique will be properly applied in dental planning and treatment along with tremendous benefits to the patients. This study was designed to evaluate the knowledge of Iranian dentists about CBCT.
A researcher made questionnaire, including 18 questions was used to assess the knowledge of Iranian dentist participating in an international anniversary conference. Data were extracted and analyzed using SPSS software version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The student T test and spearman correlation coefficient were used to compare the relationship between knowledge scores and independent variables. The significance level was set at 0.05.
The mean score of knowledge about CBCT achieved by general practitioners was 7.45 and that of specialists was 8.73, which may be categorized as average. There was no significant difference in knowledge about CBCT between male and female dentists (P=0.33) and also there was no relation to age (P=0.54) and years of experience of dentists (P=0.88) in this regard. The knowledge about CBCT was higher in specialists dentists (P=0.002).
The knowledge of Iranian general dentists about CBCT is not at ideal. Educational and post educational training programs should be considered to improve it.

Introdouction: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning is a technological innovation developed in recent years with potential use in oral surgery and many other dental procedures. The aim of this study is to determine the maxillary sinus mucosal thickening in the maxillary premolar-molar area using the CBCT technique.
In this retrospective study, a total of 105 cases (49 females and 56 males) that had 186 exposed maxillary sinuses were included. The age range of the cases was 24–58 years old. Periapical infections of maxillary molars and mucosal thickness changes were detected and recorded by two specialists in a radiologist and a periodontist.
Mucosal thickening in either one or both maxillary sinuses was found in the periapical area of 14 second premolars (13.3%), 48 first molars (45.7%), 39 second molars (37.1%), and 4 third molars (3.8%), with mucosal thickenings >1.8 mm. The mean maxillary sinus mucosal thickening in cases with PA radiolucency was 1.7 mm, and in patients without PA radiolucency, the mean was 2.1 mm (p = 0.01). Mucosal thickening due to pulpal infections of untreated teeth was seen in 39 (37.1%) cases, and mucosal thickening due to inadequate previous root canal therapy
was seen in 66 (62.9%) patients.
CBCT is a helpful method for detecting periapical lesions which affect the maxillary sinus and is recommended in maxillary surgical procedures.