kourosh fathi

This study aims to review and analyze the literature in the field of classroom management, given the growth and development of papers in this field in the global scientific community. The bibliometric technique was applied in the investigation, and every scientific publication from 2000 to 2023 is indexed in the Science Direct citation database. After screening the articles, 788 were analyzed, and the data was shown using the VOSviewer program. The historical growth pattern in scientific productions shows a minor decline in 2003, followed by a generally rising trend between 2004 and 2014. The highest number of articles was produced in 2014, with a peak in 2014. The most important keywords are teacher education, higher education, motivation, professional development, self-efficacy, and classroom management teachers. The most important categories in academic literature are education, teacher education, and higher education. The study's emphasis may need to change due to the system's connection to these areas.

Economic history is a branch of history that was less studied before the 20th century, but in recent years it has been noticed by researchers. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out scientometric research for a better and more systematic understanding of research in this field; in this regard, advanced research aims to analyze and illustrate scientific productions in economic history. The research method used was scientometric, done with Excel and VOSviewer software. The statistical population of the research was 6514 scientific articles from Science Direct scientific database between 1999 and 2023, which were extracted and analyzed. After entering the data from the scientific database into the software, 418 nodes, 11 clusters, and 3284 links were identified by repeating 8 times. The research results show that The trend of publication of articles is upward among journals, research in economic history, and among the words economic growth, economic history, innovation, institutions, economic development, growth, human capital, and immigration are top in terms of repetition. The categories of economic growth, development, institution, regulations, profitability, and the business cycle are topics that, despite being very popular, are no longer as necessary in this trend as in the last decade, and the categories of monetary policies, energy, mining, natural resources, government capacity, and Covid-19 were among the hottest categories.

Today, strategic planning is considered a way to help increase productivity and achieve organizational goals, and it has become more necessary at Farhangian University as a new organization. Therefore, the current research was conducted to develop Farhangian University's strategic educational program.

The research method is mixed, quantitative, and qualitative. The statistical population included all professors, officials, deputies, and education experts of Farhangian University of Alborz Province. In the qualitative section, sixteen people and in the quantitative section, 50 people were selected based on random sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire with reliability (0.943) in the quantitative part.

Findings showed that threats (3.49), weaknesses (3.48), strengths (3.22), and opportunities (3.21) are more effective, respectively. As a result, a suitable teaching strategy at Farhangian University is a defensive strategy. The proposed solutions are presented in 4 sections: Conservative (so), Conservative (St), Defensive (wt), and Defensive (WT).

As a result, the university has developed quantitatively and qualitatively using a suitable defensive strategy.

 Sometimes, the boundaries of ethics have been broken in online education, and COVID-19 has unconsciously provided the necessary grounds for this tension. The need to know the obstacles and practical solutions to solve this problem is the issue of this research for finding pure life. It is deemed essential to conduct a scientometric analysis in the domain of Ethics Education during the COVID-19 era to identify focal points and examine existing gaps in research.

The research employs a descriptive-applied methodology, following the filtration process, 1000 articles were selected for analysis using Excel and VOS Viewer software to examine and present the data. The findings reveal a rising trend in the number of articles, with 2023 having the highest count (1,422). Additionally, Social Science & Medicine secured the top position with 228 articles. The position of medical sciences was significant due to the attention to ethics in the process of education and treatment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted ethics education, according to some, it was done with a plan and interest. The pandemic has led to increased mental health concerns, anxiety, depression, and changes in teaching strategies. Overlay visualizations show the relationship between the pandemic's stages and the adoption of educational technology in ethical education. Ethics education for pure living emphasizes the integration of ethical ideas into education to promote purity, integrity, and moral well-being. Finally, some parts of Islamic education increased in this era by virtual platforms.

Considering the expansion and increase of School Administration articles in the world scientific community, Reviewing and analyzing the literature in this area is the goal of this study. The study used a descriptive methodology. It includes all scientific articles indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 2000 to 2023. After filtering the papers, 2670 were examined using VOSviewer software to examine and show the data. The research findings indicate that the number of articles has increased since 2004, and The year with the highest percentage of pieces was 2023. Also, between journals with 2125 “Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences” 436 articles were ranked first. Also, 5 clusters were identified, and the subjects of leadership, education, professional development, higher education, teachers, school leadership, teacher education, and school improvement had diversity and as “education policy,” “job satisfaction,” “motivation," “development," “human capital” was the previous subjects of this field. This research concluded that areas such as; “COVID-19”, “teacher self-efficacy,” “technology integration,” accountability,” “and “professional learning community” were hot and new.

In our country, although the teaching of local history in schools does not yet exist in formal education, it has received attention in the subject of history courses and history education in undergraduate and graduate courses. In these sources, whose geographical aspect is more prominent than its historical aspect, the spatial understanding of the course of historical events is well deepened. In addition, social history and historical sociology are other knowledges related to local history that should be relied upon in the research and teaching of local history. The plan of local history in the form of a lesson can be an educational opportunity to introduce the lesson of history and involve students in the learning process, and it can help to understand history. The application of historical geography knowledge in teaching local history is the main question of the article, which is to be answered. The research has been done with the method of trend study and interpretation of geography sources. The findings of the research show that paying attention to historical geography, which strengthens the students' spatial understanding, and the use of special historical geography research methods and tools are effective in this local history education.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a curriculum for the development of effective teacher careers in the Iranian educational system.research

This research is applied in terms of type and qualitative research method (grounded theory) and it was done in 2021. The statistical population includes experts and practitioners in the field of professional development of teachers, whose method of selection was targeted by the type of snowball. To select the participants in the research, two criteria of scientific expertise and practical experience in the field of teacher education were determined. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews. After 21 interviews, the categories were repetitive and theoretically saturated. The research data was analyzed and categorized through an encryption process based on the Glaser design of data theory. Lincoln and Guba approaches were used, including: acceptability, transferability, reliability and verifiability.

The results were formed in the form of a conceptual model as follows: Needs (realization of educational system, updating of teacher capabilities, complex and flexible role of teacher, reform, teacher growth and student improvement), Effective factors (personal and environmental), barriers (importance and priority, quantity, quality and time) and outcomes (teachers, programs and students).

If the professional development curriculum for teachers is designed and implemented effectively, it will update the capabilities of teachers and their individual and collective growth, which will lead to the improvement of students' learning and ultimately the realization of the goals of the educational system.

Arrival of Arabs in Iran after the Islamic conquest, their settlement became more important because of the location for migration, also their communication and interaction with the natives Iranian. Arab migration to Iran in 7th and 8th centuries, brought about profound changes in the issue of land ownership and the way of its exploitation and administration, which in some cases was in accordance with the traditions of proprietary relationships in Iran or Islamic jurisprudence standards, but in many cases, it was considered to be in contradiction with these principles. The article focuses on the main question: what were the changes in proprietary relationships and land ownership rights in Iran as a result of the settlement of Arabs? the result of the historical research has been explained that in the first centuries of Islam(7th to 10th AD Centuries), the Arabs made a lot of effort to implement the rules of Islamic Sharia in the Iranian traditions and laws of land ownership, but the challenges Many of them had to face them and these challenges continued until the future centuries.

Identify the challenges of professors' teaching activities and students' learning in virtual classes in COVID-19.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory. The target population is 36 Biology professors and students from different universities in Afghanistan, Which was conducted using targeted interviews with 20 men and 16 women.

Show that professors and students are facing problems in five important areas of learning and practical activities: limited access to the Internet, lack of practical activities, lack of justice and transparency in evaluation, and change in the time and place of teaching, which in the conditions of the coronavirus education programme has affected the Biology Curriculum.

The learning and empirical activities of Biology are one of the required elements of the curriculum, which has faced challenges and opportunities in the context of the spread of the coronavirus and virtual classes. Challenges can be reduced by creating a balanced infrastructure in all regions of the country and investing more in educational technology.

Problem-based learning is an active educational method based on constructivism. Constructivism is rooted in the scientific and educational ideas of scientists such as Piaget, Bruner and John Dewey, and emphasizes the active role of the learner in understanding and building knowledge and science. Problem solving is the most authentic learning activity that students can do. In problem-based learning, the learner finds an active role in the construction of knowledge through the development of metacognitive learning strategies, working in small groups and solving real problems. The history lesson has little attraction for teaching due to the emphasis on reservations, excessive use of the lecture method, structural problems and sometimes the content of the history textbook. Learners often mention that historical subjects are boring. Therefore, the history teacher should look for a suitable method for teaching. Problem-oriented learning is one of the methods that, in addition to making students interested in history, is effective in developing students' understanding and historical literacy. The main question of this research is how problem-based learning can be used in history education. In response to this question and by using the descriptive and analytical method and referring to the practical experience of the authors, the conclusion was reached that in teaching history by problem-oriented method, educational subjects are integrated in the heart of the main problem, and problem-based teaching can be done in a practical way. have various forms. The project-oriented method is one of these methods that has been examined as a practical example.

The transfer of power from Reza Shah to Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, which took place after the Allied invasion of Iran, caused a lot of damage to the country. The army and its main pillar (duty soldiers) were affected by this incident like other parts of the society and could not fulfill their historical duty of defending the homeland. However, considering the importance and necessity of the existence of the army and permanent soldiers as a tool for exercising authority and suppressing possible opposition in authoritarian governments, the political and military men in Foroughi's cabinet, Qavam and Sohaili, encouraged the institution of the army. Revival and duty system law should be amended and implemented. Investigating this incident is the subject of the present research. This article analyzes the situation of the army and the government's measures to revive it and re-enforce the conscription law in the beginning of the 1940s, using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on documents, negotiations and laws of the parliament and memories. The main question of the article is, what were the requirements and foundations for the revival of the conscription law after the removal of Reza Shah? The findings show that although the army took a passive stance against the developments of September 1940, the government's need for permanent military forces and the existence of the army as a deterrent institution, a tool to deal with possible dangers and suppress insecurity, led to reform and implementation. Conscription and conscription became the law, and the cabinets of this period took many measures in order to revive and restore the army, military law and improve the condition of soldiers.

In the art of goldsmiths during Safavid era, some developments in terms of the two levels of techniques and products are witnessed. The mentioned developments, considering the influence of factors affecting the government structure and society, as well as foreign relations, took a coherent and distinct form. This research aims to determine the elements of developments in the structure of the form and techniques of the art of goldsmiths in the context of two important approaches of Safavid period, which are the artistic relations with east and west and the government's support from art. The questions that this research seeks to answer are: What are the developments in the form and technique of the art of goldsmiths in Safavid period? What was the effect of cultural and artistic exchanges with India and Europe on the evolution of goldsmiths' works and techniques of this period? Therefore, the research type is qualitative and historical, with analytical-descriptive methods considering the study of evidence and resources. Moreover, the findings of the research illustrated that the art of goldsmiths in Safavid era had many developments in terms of techniques and methods in the face of European art, and with the arrival of European goldsmiths and jewelers to Iran, significant innovations occurred in the special techniques of this art, including diamond cutting, filigree art, making fine and wide gold strings, and gold-gluing technique in wall painting. However, at the level of political influence during Safavid era, especially during the era of Shah Abbas I, goldsmiths had played crucial role due to their professional qualifications and prestige.

 The Seljuks were the founders of the first tribal government in the Islamic period from 431 to 552 AH. They ruled over a large part of the Eastern Caliphate, including Baghdad. The need for treatment of the kings and courtiers, as well as the troops, which was one of the important pillars of the Seljuk army, necessitated the referral to medical and experienced physicians. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the situation of medicine and physicians in the era of the Great Seljuk based on the sources of that period.

 The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and in the method of library and documentary.

Ethical Considerations:

 In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

 1. Skilled physicians such as Abu al-Barakat and Ibn Talmiz, Abu Ruh al-Jorjani and Sayyid Ismail Jorjani, who had been trained by great masters such as Ibn Sina, Sa'id ibn Bahbaullah and Ibn Abi Sadegh; 2. Attention of kings and ministers to the repair and construction of hospitals and endowment of income from renting shops and gardens in order to pay for patients in hospitals and medical education; 3. Compilation of many medical books at this time and also compilation of medical books in Persian for the first time by Abu Ruh Jorjani and Seyed Ismail Jorjani; 4. Another prominent feature of this era, which is emphasized in the sources, is the existence of mobile hospitals.

 Following the growth and development of medicine, which had accelerated since the Alboye period, it enjoyed great growth during the Seljuk period for the following reasons: the presence of skilled physicians, the attention of kings and ministers to the repair and construction of hospitals and medical education, authorship and compilation of important medical books and the existence of mobile hospitals.

Today, cancer as the most important cause of human mortality has received much attention in the world so that it has a large number of psychological studies. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on accepting pain and controlling the emotions of cancer patients.

This study was a randomized clinical trial with a pretest-posttest and follow-up. The statistical population of this study consisted of men with cancer in Kohgiluyeh city in 2018-2019. The statistical sample consisted of 26 cancer patients who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of positive psychotherapy (13 patients) and the control group (13 patients). The McCracken & Walls scale was used to collect data to measure pain acceptance and the Williams & Chambers scale was used to measure emotion control. The experimental group received positive positivity during eight 90-minute sessions of psychotherapy, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA and ANCOVA analysis in SPSS-25 software.

The results showed that positive psychotherapy was effective on pain tendency, active participation, and the overall score of acceptance of pain, anger, depressed mood, anxiety, positive emotion, and the overall score of emotion control in the post-test phase (P <0.05), but persistence had no effect (p>0.05).

 Positive psychotherapy is effective in accepting pain and controlling the emotions of cancer patients and psychologists can use the results of the present study for therapeutic interventions based on positive psychotherapy to increase pain acceptance and control the emotions of cancer patients.

Land rights or property rights are one of the most important issues in land and property relations. Land law governs how land is owned and the resulting financial and human rules. In Iran, property rights were most affected by political events, the state of political power, and the reaction of the people to it. From pre-Islamic times, and especially during the Sassanids, there was a kind of confusion in the law and the nature of land ownership, which was the result of legal and religious interpretations. This turmoil was transferred to the Islamic era and became part of the Iranian land tenure tradition of the Islamic era. The Mongol invasion of Iran created a new challenge in civil relations that was rooted in the nature of the Mongol tribal relations and their differences with other dominant tribes in Iranian history. The purpose of Genghis Khan's law, which was called Yasa and was codified around 1206 AD, was the affairs of individuals, not their property. Therefore, the most important difference between Yasa and Sharia was that in Yasa, the personal situation and property of the individual were taken into consideration. Yasa challenged the pattern of land ownership and the resulting legal relationship by disparaging and degrading monopolies, both urban and rural.   The confrontation between sharia and law in land rights and land ownership was one of the important issues in Iran after the Mongol invasion. In the Islamic period before the Mongol invasion, sharia and custom were the two main pillars of Iranian land law, with the arrival of the Mongols, the law was added and this was the beginning of a serious challenge in Iranian land law. The encounter of Sharia-Sunnah with Yasa and its effect on the civil relations of the Mongol era has not been reflected much in Oriental studies. Lambton calls the civil relations of this period "a renunciation of tradition." Petroshovsky considers the land issues of Iran in this period as the result of the transition of the Mongol Empire to the feudal stage. But these arguments do not agree with the realities of the Mongol era. During this period, the Yasa, as the legal and behavioral basis of the ruling class, was in serious conflict with the Iranian sharia and property traditions. It continued until later periods. By entering Iran, Genghis Khan's law was upgraded from a set of Mongol tribal laws to the level of the main legal framework of the vast Mongol territory of which Iran was a part. This somewhat challenged the position of the sharia. A challenge that, unlike in the past, when Sharia was able to partially resolve its break with Iranian custom, remained. According to Lambton, the difference between Yasa and Sharia was not noticeable in the early days of Mongol rule and when they settled in the suburbs. This difference became more palpable as the Mongols emerged from the alien invaders and mingled with the native people. Ghazan and Timur made efforts to reconcile Sharia and law, but this attempt was nothing more than the eclecticism of Sharia and law, which itself caused a great deal of legal turmoil. Why and how the challenge of Sharia and law in the time of the Mongols and the reflection of this challenge in Oriental studies are the questions posed in this study. Although during the rule of the Ilkhans, it became closer to the Iranian sharia and traditions, but in the end, it provided the ground for further domination of the government over the land and the form of its transfer. The expansion of large state-owned properties during the reign of Ghazan and his successors Oljaito (703-716 AH) and Abu Sa'id (716-736 AH) That was it.

Teaching and teaching history, according to the necessities and social developments, requires the use of various resources and methods, and heroic literature is one of these areas. Heroic literature is part of popular literature. Folk literature includes a wide range of popular sciences and knowledge, including stories, legends, parables, and riddles. Popular literature has an interdisciplinary nature and is directly related to various sciences and sciences, including history. The present study seeks to answer these questions: What is the use of heroic literature texts in teaching history? How can one use history to teach history effectively using heroic literature? The research method is historical and descriptive-analytical. Three texts of Ayari literature including Samak Ayar, Hossein Kurd Shabestari and Amir Arsalan Namdar, which have a high capacity in teaching history in terms of historical and social information, have been studied and the findings of the article show that the texts of Pahlavani literature due to their simple nature and Explicit and auditory appeal can be effective in deepening historical learning and learners' interest in history lessons. Role-playing, project-based, source-based, narrative and traditional narrative methods are some of the methods that can be used in teaching history by using the texts of heroic literature.

The Samanids were one of the most important governments in the eastern part of the Islamic world in the fourth century AH. The Samanid government, which initially had strong rule based on efficient geographical, political, and bureaucratic elements, was weakened and degenerated in the final years of its rule due to the adoption of a shaky and defensive foreign policy.The purpose of this article is to know the relations of the Samanids with the powers of their time: the Abbasid Caliphate, the Buyid dynasty, the surrounding kings and the Qarakhanids. The Samanids 'relations with the surrounding kings (subordinate rulers) were strained due to the structural weakness of the government and their defensive and passive strategy, and these powers interacted with the Samanids' rivals, including the Karakhanids and the Buyids, which resulted in the decline of the Samanids. The questions that this research seeks to answer, what role did the Samanids' defensive strategy play in their decline? Why was the Samanid policy of confrontation against the caliphate ineffective? The research is descriptive-analytical method and the research findings show that the Samanids with a defensive strategy could not create a proper balance in their relations with their subjects, claimants and foreign rivals (Qarakhanian and Al-Buwayh). It played a decisive role. Also, the Samanids' confrontation with the Abbasid caliphate, which was rooted in rivalry with the Buyids, led rivals to use the caliphate to gain legitimacy.

The purpose of the present study was to investigating the perceptions and experiences of teachers toward educational challenges of Afghan students in Iran. For this purpose, by using qualitative method and phenomenological approach, the phenomenon was identified and represented. Data were collected through purposeful sampling and semi-structured interviews with 15 teachers (teachers who was teaching Afghan students) then analyzed by using Strabert and Carpenter (2003) method. The analysis of the interviews revealed five main themes including cultural, educational, administrative, economic and social challenges and 25 themes including language problems, religious differences, discriminatory treatment of other students, discriminatory treatment of teachers, lack of Parental involvement in education, low parental education, lack of communication with curriculum content, dropout, educational disruption, lack of cognitive skills, lack of preparation and lack of preschool education, placement problems, lack of identity documents, enrolment with bias, Lack of educational prospects, Moving migrant life, Delinquency, Coverage and appearance problems, Isolation, Afghan students perception As second-class citizens, Iranian parents dissatisfaction, Tuition fees, poverty and working child.

Historical geography is an interdisciplinary study of history and geography. The study of the effects of geographical environment on historical events, the evolution of governments and border developments is the main subject of this science. Historical geography, which emphasizes place as one of the pillars of history, has many applications in teaching history. Geographical and historical maps and books, local histories, antiquities, monuments and historical photographs are used as historical geographical materials. Reconstructing past landscapes, which is one of the important goals of historical geography, is very important and practical in learning history. One of the research methods in historical geography is to focus the subject of study on the small geographical area and deepen it in the time span. With this approach on historical evidence as a discussion to objectify the application of historical geography in history education, Kurdistan is considered as a geographical and historical category and its historical geographical developments during the Mongol period (7th century AH) are studied. The questions that arise in this research are: What is the use of historical geography in teaching history? What changes did the historical geography of the Kurds change during the Mongol period? To answer these questions, with the method of historical research and descriptive-analytical, it was that historical geography in history education has caused the objectification of history lessons and expanded students' understanding of historical topics and historical geography of Kurdistan as a research example of this article in The Mongol period experienced important social and political changes.

Mental health is one of the aspects of health. Students of each community are considered the upcoming generation of the community. The aim of this research was to predicting psychological wellbeing from mindfulness and resiliency among adolescents.Research method was descriptive in the form of correlation and research population consisted of all students in Kohgiluyeh province. Using randomized cluster sampling method, a total of 366 students were selected. Participants completed the Baer et al Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Scale (PWB). Research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics indices including Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression .Finding showed that there was no significant difference between girls and boys in Mindfulness, resiliency and psychological wellbeing variables. Total score of Mindfulness and psychological wellbeing showed positive significant correlation. Resiliency and psychological wellbeing had a positive significant correlation. Mindfulness Dimensions predicted 69% and resiliency predicted 64% of variance of psychological wellbeing. With regard to these findings, we can conclude that mindfulness and resiliency are the factors contributing to the prediction of psychological wellbeing in students. Based on the results of this study, psychologists and school counselors can have psychological well-being to improve their psychological well-being on the basis of their resiliency and mindfulness to provide educational and therapeutic interventions.

Moral education as a serious content area of most educational systems has attracted more attention from educational philosophy perspective than from curriculum designers. Although such research studies have contributed to the growth of this field, but they have almost failed to yield any operational insight for empowering educational authorities. On the other hand, a review of top-level policy documents in the field of education reveals that, despite the real emphasis on moral education in such documents, no moral education curriculum has ever been developed for general courses. Therefore, it seems that moral education has been neglected in formal educational system. To fill such a gap, this study aimed to identify the main principles governing moral education curriculum development.

This study used a qualitative approach and an inductive content analysis method. The participants consisted of experts in the field and experienced teachers of the primary school. The data was collected by semi-structured interviews.

According to the results, 9 general categories with their 25 related principles were extracted. The principles included core competency, comprehensive goal-setting, situationality, focus on habituation, universal responsibility of moral education, diversity of sources of data in assessments, and determination of learning situation based on time and place.

Generally the suggested principles governing moral education curriculum have been developed in response to shortcomings in moral education process and aim to shift away from the instruction of values to moral education. The limited definition of ethics in moral education process, the limitation of ethics to the level of cognition, and the limitation of moral content in the area of moral knowledge constitute the main shortcomings. The present curriculum made an attempt to fill in this gap by focusing on ethics as a competency as well as emphasizing other aspects of moral development such as attitude and moral deeds. On the other hand, to fulfill moral education goals, all the resources of the school should be used in harmony with each other. Therefore, learning should not be limited to classroom, and the responsibility of moral education should not fall on the teacher only. As a result, an effective moral education curriculum makes use of all the potential learning resources such as a discipline-based curriculum, integration into other courses at the micro level, and integration with the whole school at the macro-level. To do so, all those who are involved, directly or indirectly, in the process of moral education should understand the importance of this area of learning and its relationship with other areas and perform their respective duties.

This research aims at modeling a learning organization for elementary school students in Tehran, Iran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose; it is exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data; indeed, it is data-based in qualitative define and cross-sectional in quantitative part. The statistical population of the present study consists of 30 academic specialists and educational experts in the qualitative dimension and 175 managers in the quantitative dimension. The 30 samples selected through snowball sampling in qualitative dimension and 120 samples selected randomly in quantitative dimension. The validity and reliability were confirmed by experts. In qualitative dimension, the measuring tool was a semi-structured interview compiled by open coding and axial coding chosen through coding by experts and Delfi method. In qualitative dimension, the measuring tool was a 140-item questionnaire which was developed by converting the saturated interview form of experts through giving weight to the indicators. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha (= 0.93); its validity was also obtained through content validity which was relatively high. In qualitative dimension, the data analysis was carried out in three stages of open-axis-selective coding. After expert confirmation, this pattern obtained 5 dimensions, 19 components, and 140 indicators. In qualitative dimension, confirmatory factor analysis was performed consisting of 5 dimensions, 19 components and 132 indicators.

The main purpose of this research is to design a model of competency of primary school principals in Tehran. In order to achieve this goal, sub-objectives of identifying dimensions, components and indicators of the model, prioritizing and evaluating it have been developed. The research is applicable in term of purpose and is exploratory blended in term of data. Regarding the nature and type of study, the present study was conducted based on database theory and a cross-sectional survey method. In the qualitative part of the research, 30 academic experts and educational elites with a experience of management of schools especially the elementary period have been selected and through the interview and Delphi technique, the indicators of the managers' model competency have been identified. The findings of the interviews were selected using the theory of database, in three stages of open, axial and selective coding, and the results were confirmed in three phases of Delphi technique implementation. Finally, 124 key concepts have been identified in the form of 13 components and 6 dimensions. The statistical population in the quantitative research includes 175 primary school principals in Tehran. A sample of 120 people (40 female and 80 male managers) was selected by random sampling method and completed the questionnaire. To analyze the data in the qualitative stage, the database theory was used and in the quantitative stage, confirmatory factor analysis was used. Based on the results of confirmatory factor analysis, 124 approved statements of this study were presented in the form of 6 dimensions including subjective-insight competencies (with 2 components and 15 items), internal competencies (with 2 components and 20 items), competency Interpersonal skills (with 2 components and 17 items), moral competencies (with 2 components and 11 items), functional competencies (with 3 components and 40 items), leadership competencies (with 2 components and 21 items) have been classified.

The aim of this study is to explain the evolution and reform in the curriculum system of higher education after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. The considered survey is historical that has tried to take advantage of the resources and documents available, and present full review of higher education curricula The method used in this research is qualitative. The research areas of all texts were research and documents relating to the higher education curriculum of print and digital resources in libraries, databases, magazines, and e-book available to use and tools used to gather information related to the topic of survey were short papers, that all were made by the researchers. The results show that after the Islamic Revolution reveals that the curriculum in higher education system has gone through different orientations. An experience of academic curricula periods before and after the Islamic Revolution caused the transition from a relatively independent system of curricula (pre-revolution) to the extreme focus (after the revolution) and eventually, the relative authority for academic programs (the latter program's economic, social and cultural) to the transfer of full authority to the curricula of the universities audit board.