leila moosavi

Determining the range of thermal comfort in the outdoor space is complicated, and since the presence of thermal comfort helps more people to be in the outdoor space, it is important. In the current research, it has been tried to determine the thermal comfort limit of people in the outdoor space of traditional and restored buildings in the hot and dry climate of Yazd city. For this purpose, a field monitoring was carried out in the hot season of the five central courtyards of the Yazd faculty of Art and Architecture as buildings that have been changed from residential to educational use, which includes the measurement of climatic information at the same time as the completion of 389 thermal comfort questionnaires by the students of the faculty; Then, with the help of Ray Man and SPSS software, the obtained information was analyzed and after checking the linear regression charts, the range of thermal comfort for people in the central courtyards of the faculty as a microclimate in the hot and dry area of ​​Yazd city between the range of 16.5-28 degrees Celsius based on the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature index (PET) was obtained. Due to the fact that the combination of climatic and geographical factors for each specific region will lead to a different understanding of the thermal comfort conditions for the people of that community, this comfort range is different from the comfort ranges in other regions that have been determined in numerous researches. From the comparison of the studied yards, it was found that the more the yard has a height-to-width ratio and the more enclosed it is, the more shade it will receive and, finally,more thermal comfort during the day and night for the hot days of the year.

Cooling systems in hot and arid climate buildings play a significant role in climate change due to their high water and energy consumption. Although evaporative coolers are effective at cooling the space, they are often uncontrollable and ineffective during periods of low cooling demand, which can result in overcooling of the indoor space. Previous studies have paid less attention to reducing water consumption in evaporative cooling systems. Therefore, a study has been conducted to propose a hybrid cooling system for reducing water consumption in evaporative cooling of buildings in hot and arid climates. This study aims to add new features to the existing cooling system in hot and arid climates, transforming it into a more suitable cooling system that can significantly reduce water and energy consumption while improving indoor thermal conditions.

This study was conducted on a sample residential building in the hot and arid climate of Yazd City for five days (24 hours per day in August and September). The building had a 3D panel structure, which acted as an insulator. A field study was conducted during the summer season in two similar rooms. Environmental indicators, such as temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and water consumption by the evaporative cooler, were measured using relevant devices. The experiment consisted of two stages: evaluating the initial state of the rooms and assessing the performance of the evaporative cooler and hybrid system compared to one-sided natural ventilation.

When the rooms were examined for uniformity, among the three tested states, one-sided natural ventilation and evaporative cooling based on natural ventilation had little effect on reducing the space temperature, and only the evaporative cooler had an effective role in reducing the room's temperature. By using the evaporative cooler for 24 hours, on average, the temperature reduction was 8°C compared to the one-sided natural ventilation, and the relative humidity increased by 23%. The measurements indicated that during a 24-hour period, the evaporative cooler consumed 290 liters of water and 10kWh of electricity.

The performance of evaporative cooling systems was compared to one-sided natural ventilation as the base case. The proposed hybrid system achieved an average temperature reduction of 5.5 °C and an increase in relative humidity of 16-18 % compared to the one-sided natural ventilation. While the hybrid system had lower temperature fluctuations compared to the evaporative cooler, on average, the temperature decreased more and the relative humidity increased more with the use of the evaporative cooler. By examining the effect of this issue on the room, the evaporative cooler's performance was excessive most of the time, making it unsuitable for providing thermal comfort. In contrast, the hybrid system provided better thermal comfort than the evaporative cooler in most hours, even with an outdoor environment temperature ranging from 32°C to 30°C. Using the hybrid system instead of the evaporative cooler can reduce electricity consumption by 74% and water consumption by 96%. In other words, it reduced water consumption to 10 liters/day and electricity consumption to 2.6 kWh. Importantly, this system is designed with auxiliary fans and components related to the evaporative cooler, and it can be easily implemented as a simple and low-cost solution with high performance and a low payback period without creating limitations in the design. Therefore, it will be a suitable replacement for current mechanical evaporative cooling systems for the afternoon, evening, and early morning hours (between 18:00 to 08:00) in warm summer and spring months.

People's way of life is based on culture and values, since different cultures are created from different human societies, that's why we see different styles of life. One of these styles is the Islamic lifestyle, which means a lifestyle based on Islamic teachings and values. The purpose of this research is to draw and analyze the scientific map and conceptual network of Islamic lifestyle research. The present research method is descriptive and with a scientific approach. The statistical population of this research includes all the English-language articles published in the subject area of ​​Islamic lifestyle, which have been indexed in the Scopus database between 1980 and the first six months of 2023, and includes 270 documents.

Turkey, with the production and publication of 43 works, ranks first, and Iran, with the production and publication of 38 works, ranks second among active and core countries in this field. Also, the analysis and drawing of the conceptual network and the scientific map of Islamic lifestyle publications showed that concepts such as woman, man, psyche, behavior and religion have created the most occurrences with Islam and represent the effective keywords of Islamic lifestyle research; Therefore, the application of the results of the present research provides an objective and real insight to scientific and religious researchers and planners in determining research and implementation strategies in the field of Islamic lifestyle.

Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease. This study Compared effects of combination of turmeric, ginger and cinnamon hydroalcoholic extracts with metformin on body weight, glycemic control, inflammation, oxidative stress and pancreatic histopatalogical changes in diabetic rat. Rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 13 animals. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, 15 min before STZ injection). Normal control (NC) and diabetic control (DC) rats received 1 mL of distilled water and two other diabetic groups received either 300 mg/kg (HETGCC) or 100 mg/kg metformin for 6 weeks. HETGCC and metformin significantly decreased serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA index), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations compared to DC group. A significant increase in the number and diameter of the islets of Langerhans (IL) and body weight was seen in HETGCC group compared to DC rats and a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was observed in metformin treated group. HETGCC and metformin did not have significant effects on hsCRP, insulin and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in diabetic rats. HETGCC was shown to reduce the risk of diabetes and improve complications associated with diabetes such as hyperglycemia,dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, histopathological statue of islets of Langerhans and weight loss in T2D patients.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide and its prevalence is increasing nowadays. This review article discusses the role of carbohydrate in NAFLD. We reviewed 57 papers out of which 48 randomized controlled trials and review articles with good quality were collected. The key words used for the search were: “Carbohydrate”, “Fructose”, “Weight”, “Low carbohydrate, ketogenic diet”, in combination with “NAFLD” for searching in “Pubmed”, ”Science direct” and “Google Scholar” databases. We limited our search to studies published in English. The available data provided adequate scientific evidence which pointed toward the considerable potential effects between high intake of carbohydrates, fructose, high glycemic index foods and low dietary fiber and incidence of the NAFLD. This review provided sufficient evidence that higher consumption of carbohydrates and fructose sources may exacerbate NAFLD which leads to more accumulation of fat in the liver; while higher intake of fiber and low GI carbohydrate tends to ameliorate NAFLD.