m. asghari

In this study, the effects of various algal resources on water quality, growth performance, body fatty acid composition, and intestinal bacteria of Nile tilapia were studied under a zero-water exchange biofloc system. Oreochromis niloticus with an initial mean weight of 2.73±0.27 g, was cultured in five experimental tanks (150 L) including the control group (T1), biofloc group (T2), biofloc+ N. oculata group (T3), biofloc+ I. galbana group (T4), and biofloc+algal (T5) for 60 days. A total number of 225 O. niloticus was used for this study (15 individuals in each replication). The results showed the highest total ammonia nitrogen (4.54±0.05 mg L-1) in the biofloc treatment (p<0.05). There were significant differences in the growth performance among the control group with other treatments (p<0.05). In terms of fillet quality, the highest amount of saturated fatty acids (39.79±0.25%) was found in the biofloc group. The highest monounsaturated fatty acids (41.87±0.99) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (33.25±0.93%) were obtained in the biofloc+algal treatment (p<0.05). All intestinal bacteria in the biofloc group were higher than the control group (P<0.05). The current study demonstrated that biofloc could promote the growth performance of unsaturated fatty acids in the fish fillet.

Aram is a new oilseed rape cultivar, extracted from the R308 (earlness line) and RGS003 (high-yield cultivar) cross population through pedigree method in three years. To reach high-yielding and compatible lines and cultivars, preliminary and advanced investigations were carried out in Gorgan and Sari (2014-2015) and Zabol, Gorgan, Sari and Borazjan (2016-2017). The line SRL-93-12 (Aram cultivar) with a yield of 2955 kgha-1 and 2774 kgha-1 was the first in the above-mentioned tests, respectively, and the SRL-93-12 line was also recognized as the most stable genotype based on the lowest Lins and Binns superiority index and highest seed yield. Extension research project results on farmers' farms in Behbahan, Moghan, and Gorgan regions showed that the new line with 594 kgha-1 higher yield than the check cultivar was in the first rank. According to the results as well as desirable agronomic traits such as good tolerance to dormancy and uniformity in maturity, this line was released with the name Aram.

In the present work, the numerical investigation of a wind turbine airfoil with suction flow control is initially performed to find the relative improvement in its erodynamic efficiency. Consequently the study of turbine performance is accomplished using 2D simulation results as extending the flow control to wind turbine blades. The latter is incorporated via definition of new input data file in Q-blade code including complete set of section aerodynamic coefficients for both with and without suction control against variety of angles of attack and velocities. The benchmark turbine in this study is NREL 5 MW. It is shown that using suction in 1/3 of chord length would lead in better enhancement. Simulation of the airflow with and without suction control has been presented in three different locations in the chord-wise direction (26%C, 33.5%C and 50%C) and for several intensities or suction speed ratios (0.022, 0.045, 0.11, and 0.155). The turbulence model is transitional 4-equation SST model. The aerodynamic improvement in section is dominant and this method could tolerate stall behavior. Wind turbine power and thrust coefficients were analyzed via Q-blade versus tip speed ratio and flow control parameter. The range of tip speed ratio studied here is 3.5 to 15. The results depicted that applying suction in certain part of the blades could increase output power at low tip speed ratio. Applying suction at 33.5% of chord length improves the average power coefficient by 4.1%.

The present study simulates the frontal dust storm by means of WRF-Chem model and AFWA emission scheme between April 23 and 24, 2019. It then applies reanalysis data (ERA5) to analyze this case from a synoptic perspective. The simulation results show that the model have been accurately characterized first by the onset of dust from the south-east of the country in Kerman Province and then via its transmission to large areas of the east and south-east. The model output also fits well with satellite images. A quantitative comparison of PM10 concentration of the model with actual values shows that the PM10 model estimates are larger than actual values, though it predicts the trend of concentration changes well. Examining the synoptic maps, the isobars’ curve, wind direction change, and temperature advection in the area reveals the presence of atmospheric fronts within a strong dynamic low-pressure system. This causes high temperature and pressure gradients, in turn speeding up the wind within the region. Results from the synoptic analysis show that by passing the frontal system and behind the cold front, a dust mass is formed, which gradually spreads in eastern and the southeastern regions of Iran. In this case, extreme pressure gradient, cold front passage, low-level jet, wind gust on dry areas of dry Hamoon wetland, and cold air advection over flat area of the Lut Desert are important factors in storm formation and emission, east of the country.

Technical and vocational training play an important role in the formation of human capital with Preparation of skilled workers in the market work needs of the world. These trainings in the developing countries are not only responsible for training the workforce but also help solve the problem of unemployment by preparing the ground for self-employment. These trainings also have the advantage of short-term or medium-term efficiency, which is the reason that countries are paying more attention to technical and vocational training. Considering the role of expansion of technical, professional and vocational branches in production boom, job creation, and reduction of unemployment, it is very important to study the factors influencing this field. The aim of the study was investigating the injuries of spread technical and vocational branches in the education system of the Tabriz city, In order to identify the existing damages, future decisions should be made scientifically and expertly.

The research was done using a mixed method. The teachers of vocational schools in Tabriz (n=1028) was selected as the population of quantitative research and Students of this branches were selected as the research community (n=14464). Twenty of the experts were interviewed in the qualitative section. The sample of students based on the Cochran's formula (373) who were selected using a targeted sampling method. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics by using SPSS software. The research instrument was a researcher made questionnaire with 17 questions which was confirmedits validity by faculty members positively and its reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha (0/82).

After reviewing the interviews of the expert group, the six main components were considered as the location of all branches damages, which include1-Curriculum (Teaching Methods, Educational, Evaluation System, Textbooks)2-Management (Attraction In the job market, motivation interest relative to Education in this branches, force evaluation, communication with industry, existence of effective upstream documents, decentralization) 3-cultural field (media, group of friends and family perspective) 4- Equipment and resources ( Existence of workshop facilities, safety) 5- financial budget (attention to the needs of the audiences and the amount of equipment upgrades) 6-teacher training (relationship between training and real life, Proportion of training and adequacy of tests(

In the equipment field, According to Pearson correlation coefficient (0/683%), from the audience's point of view fundamental damage, related to the lack of safety equipment. In terms of curriculum and content, Response To needs of the audiences, was Undesirable (23/7%).in the field of education Improvement of human resources, lack of connection between trainings and real life (3/1%) and in the cultural dimension, inappropriate attitude of groups of friends and parents (21/1%) were recognized as damage. In terms of financial resources. In terms of facilities, finances and equipment, the amount of budget allocated to meet the needs of technical workshops has been very low (25%). the results of Pearson correlation coefficient in the student population showed that about (90%) of the damages of these branches depend on the management methods., Therefore, it is necessary to train and improve the directors of vocational schools and to design appropriate mechanisms in their selection according to their expertise and efficiency in this field.

The present investigation determines the initial capacity performance and the changes in battery capacity on cycling of 12 V/32Ah batteries with six different electrolyte concentrations between 1.15 and 1.33 s.g. H2SO4. The batteries are cycled with two discharge currents, 3.2 and 8A. The utilization of PAM is 50% against 37% NAM utilization. The utilization of H2SO4 varies between 38 and 88%, depending on the concentration of H2SO4 in the electrolyte. At CH2SO4 = 1.24 g cm−3, ηH2SO4 ≈ ηPAM.when CH2SO4 1.24 g cm−3 (P-region) in which the lead dioxide plates limit the capacity of the battery (P-type batteries) At CH2SO4 1.24 s.g., the capacity of the battery is limited by PAM. It has been established that in the P-region of H2SO4 concentrations, the initial capacity of the battery is higher than the rated value (C0), but the life of the battery is short and require high charge voltages. In the H-region of H2SO4 concentrations, the initial capacity is lower than C0, but the cycle life is considerably longer than 100 cycles and depends on the discharge current and the H2SO4 concentration and allow to be charged at lower voltages. The voltage of charged cells on open circuit declines with decrease in H2SO4concentration, which allows charging of batteries at lower voltages, as is the case with IT batteries, and reversible sulfation of the plates is avoided as well. The obtained results of the present investigation suggest that lead-acid batteries can be divided in two types depending on the concentration of H2SO4 in them: H-type batteries with CH2SO4 1.24 s.g

There are evidences for the beneficial effects of probiotic products on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of probiotic yogurt consumption compared to conventional yogurt on enzymes and ecogenisity of liver in patients with NAFLD.

This study was conducted on 72 patients with NAFLD. Subjects were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group (n=36, in each group) and consumed 300 g of probiotic yogurt or 300 g of conventional yogurt everyday for 8 weeks, respectively. Dietary intakes, anthropometric parameters, liver ultrasonography, serum levels of liver enzymes were measured at the beginning and the end of the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and chi-square test, independent sample t-tests, analysis of covariance and paired t-tests.

There were not any significant differences in baseline characteristics at the beginning of the study. Probiotic yogurt consumption caused 13.6% decrease in Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) compared with the control group and reduced Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) by 13.87% (P <0.02 and P <0.005, respectively). No significant changes were seen in AST to ALT ratio between the groups after the trial (P-value >0.05). Results of liver ultrasonography showed significant improvement in intervention group versus control group (P-value <0.02).

Probiotic yogurt consumption lowered serum ALT and AST concentrations in our subjects and improved liver ecogenisity. Nevertheless, it might have a role in the improvment of NAFLD.

A field experiment was conducted in 2012 at the Agricultural Research Station of Motahari of Sabzevar¡ to determine the influence of different crop management practices and weed interference duration on grain yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). A split plot experiment was employed in randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three crop management practices (Low¡ Medium and High input levels) and sub plot of five weed interference duration (0 as control¡ 15¡ 30¡ 45 and 60 weedy days after chickpea emergence). The results showed weed density¡ weed dry weight and number of plants per pod were not affected by crop management practices¡ however¡ plant height¡ biological and economic yield were inflenced by crop management practices. High input level had the highest plant height¡ biological and economic yield. Increased interference reduced yield¡ number of plants per pod and number of branches per plant of chickpea. Yield loss after full-season weed competition (60 days interference) was 80.60% as compared to control. Although increasing of weed interference reduced weed density but weed dry weight was increased. Fitted logistic regression function coefficients showed that the onset of yield loss was earlier (24.5 days after emergence) at low input levels while at high input levels it was postponed to 26 days after emergence. It can be conducted that increasing interference duration would reduce yield and yield components of chickpea¡ but under high input conditions competitiveness of chickpea will be increased.

Several natural compounds have been identified for the treatment ofleishmaniasis. Due to a few safe drugs and the side effects caused by available chemotherapy, some new drugs for treatment of leishmaniasis are requested.  The genus Pulicaria (Asteraceae) is represented in the flora of Iran by five species. Phytochemical studies on Pulicaria species have revealed some flavonoids and terpenoids with leishmanicidal activity. In the present investigation chemical composition and leishmanicidal activity of Pulicaria gnaphalodes essential oil have been studied.

The essential oil of the aerial parts of the plant was obtained by Clevenger apparatus and was analyzed by GC/MS. Antileishmanil activity was assessed against promastigoes of Leishmania major.

The major components from P. gnaphalodes essential oil have been reported to be geraniol, 1,8-cineole, chrysanthenone, α-pinene, chrystanthenone, α-terpineol and filifolone. The alcohol monoterpenes with contribution of 25.04% constituted the major portion of the essential oil, while hydrocarbon monoterpenes and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes with contribution of 7.08% and 2.38%, respectively occupied the next rates.In the present experiment the essential oil of P. gnaphalodes progressively inhibited Leishmania major growth in concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 50 µL/mL (parasite culture) in 24 h. The essential oil at 50 µL/mL eliminated the promastigotes at the beginning of treatment. It showed antileishmanial activity in concentration of 1.06 µL/mL and destroyed all parasits in 24 h.  

Pulicaria gnaphalodes antileishmanial activity, could suggest the species and constituents as possible lead structures for antileishmanial drug discovery.

Probiotics have beneficial effects on the host by improving the intestinal microflora. The role of intestinal microflora in obesity-related disorders such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) largely is known. There are evidences for the possible effects of probiotics products in NAFLD. This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic yogurt intake compared to conventional yogurt on anthropometric parameters in patients with NAFLD.

In present double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 72 NAFLD patients with body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 Kg/m2 were studied. Subjects were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group (n=36, in each group) and consumed daily 300 g of probiotic yogurt or 300 g of conventional yogurt for 8 week, respectively. Dietary intakes, weight, height and waist circumference were measured at the beginning and end of the study and BMI were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Data were analyzed by chi-squared test, independent sample t-tests, analysis of covariance and paired t-tests. (IRCT: 201210313664N8)

In probiotic yogurt group significant reductions were observed in weigh (84.32±13.2 vs. 82.58±13.33 Kg) and BMI (30.1±3.61 vs. 29.48±3.7 Kg/m2; p<0.001 for both). Changes percent in weight and BMI were 1.07% compared with the control group (p<0.004 and p<0.005, respectively). Waist circumference significantly was decreased in both of groups (97.4±8.45 vs. 95.71±8.36 cm in probiotic yogurt group and 98.38±10.58 vs. 97.04±10.56 cm in conventional yogurt group; p<0.002 for both) but these changes were not different between two groups.

The result of this study showed that probiotic yogurt consumption lead to reduction of weight and BMI in NAFLD patients and may be useful in weight management in these patients.

People spend many times a day at work and they mostly do their work using computer. Today، computers are an integral part of the workplace، especially in office environments. The purpose of present study is to explore visual discomfort among office staff of Tehran university of Medical Sciences.

This is a cross-sectional analytical study and was done in 2012. Sample size was determined 150 people by simple random sampling. Data collection methods in our study were two questionnaires including demographic information questionnaire and Conlon questionnaire that is applied for measuring visual discomfort. Using SPSS. 18، descriptive statistics (like frequency counts، percentage distributions) and inferential statistics like Pearson correlation coefficient، student''s T-test and variance analysis were done for data analysis.

Results showed that 70% of subjects had the medium visual discomfort. It was found a significant correlation between visual discomfort and age and work experience (Pearson test: r=0. 181 and Pvalue=0. 042) and also there was a statistically significant relationship between visual discomfort and sex and education level (chi- square test: Pvalue=0. 025).

it is obvious that working with computer affected on visual comfort of office staff and it leaded to decrease visual comfort among them. Hence it is necessary for prevention of visual discomfort or/and exacerbating visual impairments to improve the lighting systems and teach the correct procedures of working with computer.

Musculoskeletal disorders are among the common factors of work-related injuries in the developed and developing countries and this study tries to identify risk factors in this criteria case. This study was aimed to evaluate the nurses', awareness of ergonomic principles of work place, their employment problems and work-related injuries in two Iranian hospitals.

To perform this study, 335 nursing personnel who fulfilled inclusion to participate were selected from 13 different wards of two hospitals. For data collection, a verified five staged questionnaire was used.

Nurse's awareness of ergonomic principles, working conditions and work-related injuries and problems received 2.93 0.58, 2.23 0.54 and 2.66 0.76 scores out of 5, respectively. According to the obtained average scores, nurse's awareness of safety principles was mediocre and two other indices were scored low and weak.

Therefore it is necessary to adopt comprehensive training programs in order to increase nurse's awareness of ergonomics principles in work places and improve their working conditions.

Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a glycoprotein is a member of the tumor necrotizing factor alpha receptor super-family. By considering the possible role of OPG in cardiovascular disease (CVD), higher incidence of CVD in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN), and anti-atherosclerotic effects of statins, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of lovastatin on serum levels of OPG, and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kBETA ligand (sRANKL) in people with T2DN.

During the present quasi clinical trial, 30 male adult patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy were studied. Lovastatin, 20 mg/d was administrated for 90 days. Serum levels of OPG and sRANKL were measured using commercial ELISA kits at baseline, after 90 days of intervention, and after 30 days of withdrawal of lovastatin.

Serum level of OPG was significantly increased (10.76±16.44) and decreased (7.38±11.98) during 90 days of intervention and 30 days of withdrawal periods, respectively (p<0.002), while sRANKL level was significantly decreased (1192.08±578.20) and increased (4418.67±2124.66) during the same periods, respectively (p<0.001).

These results indicate decreased risk of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification following lovastatin administration.