m. farahmand

One of the most crucial steps in ore exploration is the recognition of geological patterns and features. These features contain mineralogy, lithology, alteration, rock texture, etc. This stage has always been associated with many challenges. Among the challenges of this stage, we can mention the time-consuming and costly nature of this stage and the need for high expertise and human resources to recognize these patterns and features. In recent years, deep learning and machine learning have been adopted in earth sciences. In this research, by using the architecture of U-net, ore and waste were separated, and the grade pattern was identified using the core box images. For this purpose, iron minerals were segmented using binary image segmentation, trial-and-error methods were used to optimize the network, and finally, the model's accuracy for identifying ore was 91%. The IoU metric was utilized for further evaluation; this metric is a suitable criterion for the final evaluation of the image segmentation model, which has reached 75% in recognition of iron ores. For the final evaluation of the obtained model, the grade outputs of the model and the XRF analysis results of one core were compared. The network error was evaluated at 9%, which shows the good accuracy of the obtained model according to the real data.

This paper experimentally and numerically investigated the impact of a blunt projectile to perforated steel targets. In this study, projectiles were made of AISI 52100 and perforated plates were made of AISI 1045. In order to investigate the effect of the hole diameter on the projectile, three different diameters of the hole were considered, along with the effect of the projectile overlap with the hole. After examining different hitting states, the projectile was deviated from its movement direction after hitting the hole and changed from vertical hit to skew. The deviation of the projectile increased when the diameter of the hole increased or the amount of projectile overlap with the hole increased. Then, numerical modeling of impacting the projectile was performed by ABAQUS software and the results were compared with experimental results and the accuracy of the model was confirmed. And this model was used to investigate the effect of initial projectile speed on deviation of the projectile, accordingly, an increase in the initial velocity of the impact led to an increase in the deviation of the projectile.

Kalatepiale prospect area is located in northeastern Esfarayen, North Khorasan Province. Geology of the area includes sequence of sedimentary units of dolomitic limestone (Upper Jurassic), microconglomerate, limestone, sandy limestone, conglomerate (Cretaceous) and marl (Tertiary). The mineralogy of ore is simple and include pyrite, galena and sphalerite. Mineralization is formed as vein-veinlet, breccia and primary replacement textures in dolomitic limestone and limestone units. Galena occurred as fine (in breccia texture) and coarse-grains (in replacement texture) with cubic-octahedral form. Also, minerals of sphalerite and pyrite (with approximately 100 microns in size) are present within galena as inclusions. Due to the great influence of oxidation and weathering processes on the primary ore, secondary carbonate, silicate and oxide mineralization extensively scatared and formed smithsonite, hemimorphite, cerussite, hematite and goethite. Calcite and dolomite are dominant gangue mineral associated with mineralization, with lesser amounts of barite and quartz. Main alterations consist of calcitization and dolomitization. Mineralized veins are clearly epigenetic and occurred along fault zones with trending northwest–southeast/vertical dip. The range of variation in the geochemical analysis is as follows: Pb from 73 to 42000 ppm, Zn from 128 to 57000 ppm, As from 2 to 254 ppm and Cu from 4 to 172 ppm. Host rock, mineralization, properties of galena mineral, type of wall rock alteration, lack of relation with igneous activities and also, the geochemical evidence of Kalatepiale prospect area is similar to the Mississippi valley-type deposits.

The use of perforated plates in the impact of projectiles reduces damage to the main target, the final cost of construction and surface density. The purpose of this paper is to present a new and complete analytical model to obtain the penetration depth as well as the deflection of the rigid head projectile after hitting the perforated plate. This model is based on the development of the model provided by Chen, and in the following experimentally investigation of the impact of the projectile on the perforated plate has been paid. for this purpose For this purpose, projectiles of AISI 52100 and perforated plates of AISI 1045 with 3 hole diameters of 5, 7 and 9 mm have been used. Finally, the results obtained from the analytical solution are compared with the experimental results and the accuracy of the analytical model is proved. After examining the different states of impact, it can be seen that the projectile deviates from its path after hitting the hole and changes from vertical impact to oblique impact. As the diameter of the hole or the amount of overlap of the projectile with the hole increases, the deflection of the projectile also increases.‎

Autogenous bone grafts are considered the gold standard although they have several disadvantages, leading to a search for suitable alternative graft biomaterials. This study evaluates the histological and histomorphometric properties of regenerated bone in defects in rabbits following the application of two commercially available xenografts (Bio-Oss and Osteon).

This animal study was carried out on 14 New Zealand rabbit calvaria. Four 6.5-mm critical-size defect (CSD) models of bone regeneration were formed in each surgical site. The first defect was filled with Bio-Oss, the second with large Osteon (L-Osteon), the third with small Osteon (S-Osteon), and the last one remained unfilled (the control group). The cases were sacrificed. Bone forming properties (amount of new bone formation, inflammation, and foreign body reaction) were observed at 4- and 8-week intervals through histological and histomorphometric examinations. The Friedman test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon test for multiple comparisons were used for data analysis. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.

There was no statistically significant difference for regenerated bone among the four groups (P>0.05). The L-Osteon site showed more inflammation and foreign body reaction compared to the other groups. 

The results of this study showed that Bio-Oss and Osteon appear to be highly biocompatible and osteoconductive and can thus successfully be used as bone substitutes in augmentation procedures.

Avoidance of repeated soil tillage in conjunction with maintaining crop residues and plant nutrition management may help to conserve and improve the soil and plant conditions. Primary goals of conservational systems consist of eliminating some cultivation practices and increasing surface crop residues in the planting system. In such residue conserving systems, nitrogen fertilizers are considered as important elements in crop production and influence the pattern of soil organic carbon storage as well as crop growth and yield. Currently, cotton is mainly cultivating in many farms of the country, and in particular in the Southern Khorasan province, after removal of the residues of the previous crop, and few studies have been conducted on the importance of plant residues in this plant in Iran. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of investigating the interaction of barley plant residues and different levels of nitrogen on yield and yield components of cotton in two different tillage systems (conventional tillage with moldboard plowing and reduced tillage with disk).

To study the effect of application of different residue amounts and nitrogen fertilizer under two different cultivation systems on dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components of cotton, an experiment was conducted as split-plot factorial design with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran. The main plot consisted of two cultivation levels including conventional tillage (mould board plowing) and reduced tillage (disking). The sub-plot included two nitrogen levels (50 and 150 kg.ha-1) and five levels of barley residues (0, 77, 154, 231 and 301 g.m-2) which were factorial arranged in sub plots. Cotton, Khordad cultivar, was planted on 20th June 2013. Plant dry weight was measured at three stages over the growing season and cotton bolls were collected at two stages and the lint, seed cotton and cottonseed yields was recorded.

Results showed that the cotton emergence in moldboard plowing (46.8%) was significantly higher than disk (38.1%), and seedling emergence in both tillage systems decreased with increasing amount of residues on the soil surface. The highest percentage of emergence was related to zero residues in moldboard plowing and the lowest emergence was observed in low tillage (disc) with residues of 308 g.m-2. The residue application also reduced the plant dry weight early in the growing period. Although application of low amounts of residues reduced plant dry weight and cotton seed and lint yields compared to non-residue application at the end of the growing season, increased levels of residues, especially where high rates of nitrogen application and moldboard plow were practiced, remarkably increased these traits, so that the greatest lint yield (1.04 ton.ha-1) was observed with 308 g.ha-1 of residue in conjunction with application of 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen and practicing moldboard plowing. Moldboard plow system caused a greater dry matter accumulation and crop yield and it seems that initiation of crop residue conservation and reduced tillage requires more time.
 
 

The research clearly demonstrated the beneficial effects of not removing plant residues and mixing them with soil even for a single crop season, which, in turn, emphasizes the avoidance of incorrect burning of the residues of the previous crop. According to this study findings, where 100% of previous crop residues are added to the soil, the application of nitrogen should be increased proportionally. Otherwise, a significant reduction in crop yield and yield components would be observed especially at high rates of crop residues. Moreover, it appears that reduced cultivation systems might not influence crop yield and even reduce it in short term and requires long term research studies to determine the efficacy of conservational cultivation systems.

One of the main goals of endodontic treatments is to disinfect the root canal and dentin tubules. This study compared the antimicrobial effect of different concentrations of green tea extract with that of two common irrigants on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in the root canal system.

In this experimental study on 124 single canal teeth, suspensions derived from the 24-hour culture of E. faecalis were inoculated into the canals, and the samples were incubated for two weeks. Then, the teeth were divided into six experimental groups (n=20) and two control groups (n=2). In the first group, 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), in the second group, 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), in the third group, 3.125% green tea extract, in the fourth group, 12.5% green tea extract, in the fifth group, 25% green tea extract, and in the sixth group, normal saline was used for root canal irrigation. The next day, the extracted liquid from vortexed dentin fragments was cultured, and the colony-forming units (CFU) were counted 48 hours later. Data were analyzed using Mann-U-Whitney test.

The CFU count for NaOCl and CHX showed a statistically significant difference compared to different groups of green tea extract (P<0.001). The percentage of microorganism reduction was 100% with NaOCl, 98.9% with CHX, 58.35% with 3.125% green tea, 8.1% with 12.5% green tea, 94.8% with 25% green tea, and 57.5% with normal saline.

The results of this study showed that green tea extract can be used in endodontic treatment as the final root canal irrigant considering its naturalness and its antimicrobial ability.

Nuclear fission of uranium atoms starts when a nuclear pellet is placed into the rod and then inside the nuclear reactor. Thus, the number of the produced atoms would be more than those of fission uranium atoms. No problem exists with solid products, but the gas products following the swelling of the pellets enter the gap between the pellet and rod. This causes destruction of the rod and the reactor safety reduction. It is better to exit the rod from the reactor before the event. Attempts are made to increase the life time and the generated energy with nuclear pellets to achieve higher efficiency. For this purpose, after the identification of the obstacles, the efficiency of the nuclear fuel pellets is increased by some modifications. This work is a review of the world activities to identify the obstacles and solutions provided for modifying the nuclear fuel pellets. The results demonstrate that the most important features of a nuclear fuel influence on the life time and efficiency of UO2 feul pellets are the largeness of grains along with intergranular porosities with controlled size, good creep and thermal conductivity properties.

This study aimed to determine effectiveness of Satureja khuzestanica extract on Leishmania major in vitro. In present study standard strain of Leishmania major with MRHO/IR/75/ER international code was used that previously had been cultured in NNN medium. This parasite was transferred from NNN medium to RPMI 1640 medium. Then at logarithmic phase, certain numbers of parasite were taken from this medium and were added to cell culturing plate. Then effect of 250 , 500 , 1000 mg /ml extract of Satureja khuzestanica on Leishmania major promastigotes were examined in 24 and 72 hours and the effect of these concentrations were compared to glucantime. Additionally, effects of concentrations such as 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 mg / ml of Satureja khuzestanica extract was examined to obtain its minimum effective concentration. In the study and comparison between extract and glucantime with concentrations 250 , 500 , 1000 , mg /ml , after 72 hours , decrease in promastigote population were compared to untreated control in these concentrations and for Satureisa khuzestanica extract were 56.14% , 77.19% and 77.19% , respectively while for glucantime it was 19.29 , 24.56 , 33.33% respectively. Minimum effective concentration of this extract was up to 250 mg /ml . Satureja khuzestanica extract has an acceptable effect on Leishmania major in in vitro conditions in comparison with glucantime

Cancer is the third cause of death in Iran. Gender is an important covariate for incidence of most cancers. So، epidemiological data on Gender differences related to common cancers provide good evidence in control of cancers. The aim of this study was providing population-based information on the gender differences in incidence rates and epidemiology of esophagus، stomach، colon and rectum cancers in the Fars province.

This study was a secondary data analysis. We studied registered esophagus، stomach، colon and rectum cancers cases in Fars from 2009 to 2010. Direct Annual Age Standardized Incidence Rates (AASIRs) were estimated for men and women. Using STATA software، Females AASIRs and truncated AASIRs at 25 years (TIRR) were compared with males considering age، dominant morphology ratio and tumor grade.

Six hundered fourteen cases were studied. The numbers of registered esophagus، stomach، colon and rectum cancers were 78 (%12. 7)، 254 (%41. 4)، 182 (%29. 6) and 100 (%16. 3)، respectively. Two hundred thirty one (%37. 5) cases were women and 383 (%62. 5) were males. TIRR (female/male) for esophagus، stomach، colon and rectum cancers were 0. 68 (0. 43-1. 07)، 0. 42 (0. 32-0. 54)، 0. 71 (0. 53-0. 96)، 0. 92 (0. 62-1. 36)، respectively. There were significant relationships between age and gender (p=0. 046)، tumor grade (p=0. 050) and morphology (p=0. 004) in case of stomach cancer. For colon cancer age and tumor morphology were significantly related (p=0. 019).

Risk of Stomach and Colon cancers in females were lower than males in Fars Province. Male gender was a risk factor for stomach adenocarcinoma.

It is well known that marine microorganisms have been recognized as an important and untapped resource for novel bioactive compounds. Actinomycetes are gram positive bacteria showing a filamentous growth. They are a group of organisms widespread in nature and play a significant role in the future of drug development.

Marine bacteria strains of Streptomyces griscoloalbus were isolated from soft coral Sinularia erecta in Persian Gulf. Growth and fermentation character of the Streptomyces griscoloalbus were estimated. Cytotoxic activity of fermentation medium was tested by brine shrimp bioassay. Semi purification on the culture extract was performed.

Toxic extract was applied on KB cells ( human epidermoid carcinoma of mouth ) and results of neutral red test were IC50= 4.19 g/ml from acetone extract and IC 50 = 44.97 g/ml. For methanol extract, cytotologic effects of the acetone extract on KB cells was studied and morphological changes were also studied.

The morphological changes in Kb cells due to the cytotoxic extract of the bacteria has made it a good candidate for the production of cytotoxic drugs in the future.