m. ghadiri

One of the effective approaches to enhance the motivation of rural communities is to engage in entrepreneurial activities within the domain of rural tourism. In order to accomplish this objective, it is crucial to identify captivating destinations, evaluate the present condition of rural societies, and recognize the inherent talents and abilities of the rural inhabitants. The primary purpose of this study is to identify the prospects for the establishment of small and medium-sized enterprises focused on tourism within the villages of the Shemiranat region.

This descriptive-analytical research has a practical perspective in relation to its objectives. The statistical population comprises the villages situated in three rural districts, namely Lavasan bozorg, Lavasan Koochak, and Rudbar Qasran, which selected through the employment of spatial cluster sampling method. Furthermore samples were chosen based on their availability and utilizing the snowball method, resulting in a total sample size of 313 participants. Data collection was conducted using field studies and a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the data collection tools were determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and content validity method. The gathered data was subjected to analysis employing the T-paired test within the SPSS 22 software.

The findings of the study revealed the identification of 6 indicators and 84 components, which were recognized as potential opportunities for the advancement of small to medium-sized enterprises in the examined villages. These opportunities were assessed by means of a questionnaire. Following an expert review, the number of components reduced to 80. The questionnaire's validity was substantiated by the application of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, yielding a value of 0.85. Among the opportunities for tourism development, the following categories were deemed suitable: economic, social-cultural, infrastructural-opportunity, spatial, psychological, and attractive opportunities. Based on the T-paired test, the most crucial opportunities were determined to be the attractive, psychological, and infrastructural ones.

The villages of the Shemiranat region offer noteworthy prospects across multiple dimensions for the advancement of tourism. These opportunities possess the potential to serve as a catalyst for fostering economic expansion.

This paper represented a numerical technique for discovering the vibrational behavior of a two-directional FGM (2-FGM) nanobeam exposed to thermal load for the first time. Mechanical attributes of two-directional FGM (2-FGM) nanobeam are changed along the thickness and length directions of nanobeam. The nonlocal Eringen parameter is taken into the nonlocal elasticity theory (NET). Uniform temperature rise (UTR), linear temperature rise (LTR), non-linear temperature rise (NLTR) and sinusoidal temperature rise (STR) during the thickness and length directions of nanobeam is analyzed. Third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) is used to derive the governing equations of motion and associated boundary conditions of the two-directional FGM (2-FGM) nanobeam via Hamilton’s principle. The differential quadrature method (DQM) is employed to achieve the natural frequency of two-directional FGM (2-FGM) nanobeam. A parametric study is led to assess the efficacy of coefficients of two-directional FGM (2-FGM), Nonlocal parameter, FG power index, temperature changes, thermal rises loading and temperature rises on the non-dimensional natural frequencies of two-directional FGM (2-FGM) nanobeam.

The damping vibration characteristics of magneto-electro-viscoelastic (MEV) nanobeam resting on viscoelastic foundation based on nonlocal strain gradient elasticity theory (NSGT) is studied in this article. For this purpose, by considering the effects of Winkler-Pasternak, the viscoelastic medium consists of linear and viscous layers. with respect to the displacement field in accordance with the refined shear deformable beam theory (RSDT) and the Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic damping model, the governing equations of motion are obtained using Hamilton’s principle based on nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT). Using Fourier Series Expansion, The Galerkin’s method adopted to solving differential equations of nanobeam with both of simply supported and clamped boundary conditions. Numerical results are obtained to show the influences of nonlocal parameter, the length scale parameter, slenderness ratio and magneto-electro-mechanical loadings on the vibration behavior of nanobeam for both types of boundary conditions. It is found that by increasing the magnetic potential, the dimensionless frequency can be increased for any value of the damping coefficient and vice versa. Moreover, negative/positive magnetic potential decreases/increases the vibration frequencies of thinner nanobeam. Also, the vibrating frequency decreases and increases with increasing nonlocal parameter and length scale parameter respectively.

The main purposes of the present work are devoted to the investigation of the free axial vibration, as well as the time-dependent and forced axial vibration of a SWCNT subjected to a moving load. The governing equation is derived through using Hamilton's principle. Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory has been utilized to analyze the nonlocal behaviors of SWCNT. A Galerkin method based on a closed-form solution is applied to solve the governing equation. The boundary conditions are considered as clamped-clamped (C-C) and clamped-free (C-F). Firstly, the nondimensional natural frequencies are calculated, as well as the influence of the nonlocal parameter on them are explained. The results of both boundary conditions are compared together, and both of them are compared to the results of another study to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the present results. The novelty of this work is related to the study of the dynamic forced axial vibration due to the axial moving harmonic force in the time domain. The previously forced vibration studies were devoted to the transverse vibrations. The effect of the geometrical parameters, velocity of the moving load, excitation frequency, as well as the small-scale effect, are explained and discussed in this context. According to the lack of accomplished studies in this field, the present work has the potential to be used as a benchmark for future works.

In this paper, vibration analysis of rotary tapered axially functionally graded (AFG) Timoshenko nanobeam is investigated in a thermal environment based on nonlocal theory. The governing equations of motion and the related boundary conditions are derived by means of Hamilton’s principle based on the first order shear deformation theory of beams. The solution method is considered using generalized differential quadrature element (GDQE) method. The accuracy of results are validated by other results reported in other references. The effect of various parameters such as AFG index, rate of cross section change, angular velocity, size effect and boundary conditions on natural frequencies are discussed comprehensively. The results show that with increasing angular velocity, non-dimensional frequency is increased and it depends on size effect parameter. Also, in the zero angular velocity, it can be seen with increasing AFG index, the frequencies are reducing, but in non-zero angular velocity, AFG index shows complex behavior on frequency.

Domestic tourism with overnight stay is one of the most important type of tourism in each country. So this is very important to identify and assess destinations that have potential for developing slow tourism. Destinations in dry and arid areas have factors such as silence, hospitable people and rich culinary. So these destinations have high potential to be developed as slow tourism sites. By combination of slow tourism and geotourism because of their sustainable objects we can reach to the aim of protecting and conserving of environment. The target of this study sought to identify and assess potential destinations which can feature up to more consistency of tourist. The study is descriptive-functional research and using library resource, internet, field research. Required information was gathered from experts and tourist, using applications such as SPSS24 and GIS10.2. the results shows that the first selected geomorphosite for slow tourism was Dagh-Sard-Garm and the first selected geomorphosite for geotourism was Kal-Namak. Aesthetic value has the highest rating and ecological value was the lowest. According to tourists' point of view the most important criterion of slow tourism was attraction and benchmark and planning and infrastructure has the lowest score. Finally based on findings and take advantages of SWOT technique, review strategy (WO) is the adapted strategy for development planning of slow tourism in geomorphosites in this case study.

In general, all new models of tourism infrastructure of two topics, namely environmental protection and socio-individual well-intended. One type of the tourism from both branches (environmental and socio-individual well-intended) has emerged, with slow tourism emphasizing on Geomorphosites.The desert and its wilderness is vast and beautiful and is one of natural attractions of our country. Today deserts including attractive areas for ecotourists. By using existing conditions can be started new activities in the field of tourism. The optimal approach, could be the development of the tourism market with low impact and reduce the negative impact of tourism. In the process of this development, slow tourism will play a key role.

This is an applied research. We use field and library information to provide information and data, and also Fassoulas geomorphosit's assessment had been used. This paper as a leading research have to assess geomorphosites to develop Slow tourism, and earlier studies (external or internal) had never developed Slow tourism in Geomorphosites; hence The measure of the facilities and services according to Articles and reliable sources of slow tourism, have been added 5 sub-criteria. 10 experts in the field of tourism on the theme of geotourism, or experts whom dominated tourism in areas of Khoor-Biabanak or Tabas were asked about 20 locations. According to expert's opinion 10 Geomorphosites in the Khoor-Biabanak county and 10 Geomorphosite in Tabas county had the greatest potential for tourism development. The experts using a questionnaire to assess and evaluate each Geomorphosite.

Since scrutiny of tourism potential of Geomorphosites of each county and the utilization of expert's opinion, 10 Geomorphosites had been selected from each county. Experts evaluated 20 Geomorphosites by Utilizing the criteria defined by the values of scientific, ecological, cultural, aesthetic, economic, and facilities and services. Total topmost scores on different criteria related to Kal-Sardar Geomorphosite and total lowest score on different criteria related to Mehrjan's Aqueducts Geomorphosite. Cronbach's alpha values were then determined. This amount was reported for all values equal to 0/858. The KMO exploratory factor analysis was performed on the data. Using factor analysis Varimax rotation for six main criteria were expressed them in two categories. Factor analysis results showed that for slow tourism purposes cultural, economic, facilities and services criteria are more important. For land-based tourism, scientific factors, ecological and aesthetic play more important role. Then, using the weighting of factor analysis for ranking Geomorphosites which is from -3 (lowest score) to +3 (most points).

This study was based on surveys of experts and also based on their opinion scientific and aesthetic criteria had gained the most points scored. This shows that geomorphosites gained high value and high potential for tourism development, especially scientific and educational tourism. Ecological and cultural values had gained less scored compared with other Criterions, for ecological criteria because of the lack of protective measures. For cultural criteria because of the lack of population and in some cases uninhabited area, the lack of cultural programs such as festivals and cultural gatherings is due to low rating criteria. Generally geomorphosites of each county have great potential to attract tourists, and statistically significant differences among Khoor-Biabanak county and Tabas county's geomorphosites had not found. Although Tabas county's geomorphosites were better for slow tourism purpose; This could be due to having more facilities in the area, stay more services and facilities, there are festivals and conferences and things like that. Khoor-Biabanak county's geomorphosites were better for land-based tourism purposes.Average rating of geomorphosites in Khoor-Biabnak county for land-based tourism purposes were diagnosed more and this can be the result of originality and unfamiliar of the region and therefore the integrity of the geomorphosites affect the scientific , ecological and aesthetic criteria In the end some suggestions is provided to improve the management of geomorphosites for the purpose of slow tourism. In the following we will refer to some of the most important of them:• Organize the physical environment, transportation, communications, electricity, health infrastructure should be built in the region;• Various training courses should be organized for tourists and locals, for the recognition and protection of the natural and socio-cultural environment;• Project's Management needs local people support. Local managers should be trained and anthropology galleries in villages and local products for sale must be prepared;• Brochures distributed between tourists and encourages operations can be created through distribution of promotional products in tourist buses;• Museum for Geology and Earth morphological parameters for tours during all of the appeal, the importance of plant and animal species and museums should be obvious;• Photo exhibitions, poetry, essays, stories and competitions in schools should be held to introduce the area;

In this research, the effect of rotation on the free vibration is investigated for the size-dependent cylindrical functionally graded (FG) nanoshell by means of the modified couple stress theory (MCST). MCST is applied to make the design and the analysis of nano actuators and nano sensors more reliable. Here the equations of motion and boundary conditions are derived using minimum potential energy principle and first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The formulation consists of the Coriolis, centrifugal and initial hoop tension effects due to the rotation. The accuracy of the presented model is verified with literatures. The novelty of this study is the consideration of the rotation effects along with the satisfaction of various boundary conditions. Generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is employed to discretize the equations of motion. Then the investigation has been made into the influence of some factors such as the material length scale parameter, angular velocity, length to radius ratio, FG power index and boundary conditions on the critical speed and natural frequency of the rotating cylindrical FG nanoshell.

The free vibration analysis of rotating functionally graded (FG) nano-beams under an in-plane thermal loading is provided for the first time in this paper. The formulation used is based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory through Hamilton’s principle and the small scale effect has been formulated using the Eringen elasticity theory. Then, they are solved by a generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). It is supposed that, according to the power-law form (P-FGM), the thermal distribution is non-linear and material properties are dependent to temperature and are changing continuously through the thickness. Free vibration frequencies are obtained for two types of boundary conditions; cantilever and propped cantilever. The novelty of this work is related to vibration analysis of rotating FG nano-beam under different distributions of temperature with different boundary conditions using nonlocal Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Presented theoretical results are validated by comparing the obtained results with literature. Numerical results are presented in both cantilever and propped cantilever nano-beams and the influences of the thermal, nonlocal small-scale, angular velocity, hub radius, FG index and higher modes number on the natural frequencies of the FG nano-beams are investigated in detail.