m. karimi

The heating of inner cities is an immense global phenomenon, and urban green spaces are crucial in mitigating this predicament. This study evaluates the cooling effects of urban green infrastructures in a dry region, specifically the Middle East by analyzing Tehran, a metropolis severely impacted by urban heating. We use advanced methodologies to estimate regulating ecosystem services.

This research employed a multi-stage methodology utilizing satellite data and in-situ measurements. Land use/land cover maps of Tehran were generated using Landsat imagery from Thematic Mapper (2002), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (2012), and Operational Land Imager (2022), processed with geometric and radiometric corrections in ENVI 5.3. A supervised classification via the Super Vector Machine algorithm identified four land use categories: built-up areas, barren lands, green spaces, and water bodies. The cooling effects of these land uses, analyzed using the InVEST ecosystem service software, were assessed over the 2002-2022 period, incorporating variables such as evapotranspiration, temperature, and shading effects.

The results showed a decline in green spaces from 13.1% in 2002 to 11.9% in 2012 and 11.8% in 2022, with a projected further decline to 11.7% by 2032. The reduction rate was significant in the first decade, with a loss of 717 hectares, compared to 14 hectares in the second decade. An additional reduction of 66 hectares is predicted over the next decade. The Urban Heat Mitigation Index was highest in the green District 22 with values of 0.91, 0.79, and 0.66, respectively, and lowest in District 10 with values of 0.22, 0.21, and 0.19. Projections for 2032 suggest that District 22 will maintain the highest cooling capacity at 0.65, while District 10 will remain the lowest at 0.19.

This study highlights the critical relationship between urban development and green infrastructure. It particularly underscores the importance of preserving green infrastructure as a means to mitigate urban heat, with a focus on its influence on Tehran's microclimate and overall environmental quality. The findings indicate a worrying decline in green spaces, posing significant challenges for urban environmental management. This persistent loss of natural areas undermines ecological stability and urban resilience, especially in terms of heat mitigation and quality of life. Additionally, the uneven distribution of green spaces exacerbates vulnerability in specific Districts, emphasizing the pressing need for sustainable urban planning in Tehran. This study assessed past and future changes to provide valuable insights for urban decision-makers and managers.

Due to increasing air pollution and fuel supply problems, the use of electric vehicles has been considered as a clean alternative to traditional cars. Extensive studies have been conducted on the environmental effects of these cars and their benefits in reducing air pollution have been proven. However, the high penetration of electric vehicles can create new challenges in the power system, especially concerning their charging demands. The change in demand due to electric vehicles creates challenges and concerns for the electric system. The electrical system must be ready to respond to a new load called “the demand for electric vehicles”. In this paper, by providing the optimal charging price and considering traffic restrictions, remained charging limits and charging rates, it is possible to choose the right charging station. This action reduces the possibility of damage to the network and leads to the improvement of network technical parameters, including losses and voltage profile. The results shows the effectiveness of the model.

Melatonin has been introduced as a strong antioxidant that has a protective role in stressful conditions and acts as an osmotic regulator and metabolic modifier when different stresses occur. In order to investigate the effect of melatonin pretreatment on improving the morphophysiological traits of Calendula officinalis L., a factorial completely randomized design with three replications was conducted. Melatonin at three levels (0, 100 and 150 µM) and sodium chloride at four levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 mM) were considered as the treatments. Based on the obtained results, the highest plant height, the highest number of leaves and the longest root length were obtained in 150 μM melatonin without sodium chloride treatment. On the other hand, at 90 mM salinity and without the presence of melatonin, the lowest number of leaves and plant height were observed. The fresh weight of the root, at different levels of salinity, showed a decreasing trend with increasing salinity concentration, so that its lowest value was observed in the concentration of 90 mM salt without melatonin. The fresh weight of the root increased with the increase in melatonin concentration. The highest relative water content and potassium percentage of leaves were observed in 150 μM melatonin treatment. As the salt concentration increased, the relative water content and potassium concentration decreased. The highest amount of soluble sugar related to 60 mM salinity in combination with 100 µM melatonin and the highest amount of proline was observed in 60 mM salinity + 150 µM melatonin. The results indicated that melatonin pretreatment was effective on the vegetative and physiological traits of marigold under salinity stress and was able to reduce the effect of salinity, especially in the concentrations of 30 and 60 mM sodium chloride.

This paper presents a resilience-based approach for critical load restoration in distribution networks using microgrids during extreme events when the main supply is disrupted. Reconfiguration of the distribution network using graph theory is investigated, for which Dijkstra's algorithm is first used to determine the shortest paths between microgrids and critical loads, and then the feasible restoration trees are established by combining the restorable paths. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is then used to find the optimal selection of feasible restoration trees to make a restoration scheme. The service restoration is implemented with the objectives of maximizing the energy delivered to the critical loads and minimizing the number of switching operations. The limited fuel storage of the generation sources in microgrids, the operational constraints of the network and microgrids, as well as the radiality constraint of the restored sub-networks, are considered the constraints of the optimization problem. The presented method can be used for optimal restoration of critical loads including the number of switching operations which is essential for the ease of implementation of a restoration plan. The results of simulations on a 118-bus distribution network demonstrate the efficiency of the procedure.

This study aimed to develop and validate a model for predicting productivity in university administrative staff.

In this cross-sectional study, 614 participants completed a survey that included the Job Stress Questionnaire, Job Security Scale, Role Clarity Scale, Distributive Justice Subscale, Procedural Justice Subscale, Job Content Subscale, Physical Health Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and Stanford Presenteeism Scale. To validate the proposed model, structural equation modeling was conducted using SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 software.

Distributive justice, job content, and procedural justice had the greatest direct impact on employee productivity. Additionally, workload, colleague support, management support, role clarity, and procedural justice were found to have significant positive relationships with mental health. Workload, management support, and job content also showed significant positive relationships with physical health, and both mental health and physical health positively predicted presenteeism. The findings revealed a mediating pathway in the relationship between mental health, physical health, and productivity. The data further suggested that mental health has a substantial impact on physical health. Moreover, mental health was found to mediate the relationship between job stressors and presenteeism through its effect on physical health.

Psychosocial factors, including distributive justice, job content, and procedural justice, have the greatest impact on employee productivity.

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including valine, leucine, and isoleucine, are essential amino acids that modulate glucose homeostasis, neurotransmission, immune responses, and mitochondrial biogenesis, and thereby, contributing a role in the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. In this review, the relationship between the catabolism of BCAAs and insulin resistance (IR), as well as the effect of exercise training on this pathway, was discussed. Epidemiological studies and review articles published between 1964 and 2023 were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Also, to reach Persian language articles, Iranian scientific databases, including the Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran’s Information and Scientific Documents Research Institute (Irandoc), and Iran’s publications database (Magiran), were searched to find relevant papers published between 2001 and 2023. The results of various studies show that plasma BCAAs are either upregulated or downregulated by the first two enzymes in their catabolic pathway, i.e., branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) and branched-chain alpha-acid dehydrogenase (BCKD). Therefore, the disruption of the enzymatic complexes that limit the catabolic rate of BCAAs lowers their catabolism and increases the plasma levels of BCAAs, greatly predisposing to the development of diabetes. Exercise training can reduce the accumulation of BCAAs catabolic mediators and reduce or even prevent IR. Improving BCAAs’ catabolism through exercise training and diet control can lead to the recovery or prevention of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.

Flexible sheet explosive is a plastic bonded explosive (PBX) based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) curing agent, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine explosive (RDX), dioctyl adipate plasticizer (DOA) and diethylol dimethylhydantoin (DHE) bonding agent. In this research, the effect of polyethylene glycol-600 (PEG-600) chain extender additive compared to DHE bonding agent on some mechanical properties of product such as tensile strength and shore A hardness has been investigated. For this purpose, different formulations containing PEG-600 or DHE additives were prepared and various production conditions including different amounts of additives and the molar ratio of isocyanate to hydroxyl group were optimized and quality of samples were evaluated from the perspective of various mechanical and safety characteristics. Also, the completion of the polyurethane reaction and the presence of excess IPDI were monitored using the attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) method. The final results in optimal conditions showed that by using of DHE or PEG-600 in the PBX formulation, the ultimate tensile strength and the yield strength of the material in the presence of two additives are close to each other and at least twice that of PBX without additive. Also, the shore A hardness is also decreases from 39 to 31 and 32, respectively. The additive-free material is a flexible elastomer with more plastic behavior, and by using chain extender or bonding agent, its stress-strain behavior approaches to semi-ductile mode. The results of this research can be used to replace the expensive substance of DHE with cheap, domestically produced PEG-600 polymer in the formulation of flexible sheet explosives.

A novel series of C-, N-, and F-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were fabricated using a simple sol-gel method, utilizing 4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid (TFNA) as a precursor for carbon, nitrogen, and fluorine doping. The resulting materials were characterized using different advanced techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The synthesis approach involved the creation of nanoparticles with varying weights of TFNA, ranging from 0.3 to 1.6 wt. %, followed by calcination at 400 °C for 120 min in the presence of air. The resulting nanostructures were tested for their efficiency in degrading rhodamine B (RhB) dye under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The experimental findings revealed that the 1.6 wt. % TFNA/TiO2 composite exhibited exceptional photocatalytic activity, with approximately 87.0 % degradation efficiency towards RhB dye in aqueous solutions under UV light. This remarkable performance can be attributed to the increased lifetime of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and accelerated interfacial charge transfer rates.

Lack of resources, ecosystems at risk, and climate change have a great impact on the living environment. One of the most important issues and challenges that countries, including our country, face is the waste of resources. In the past decade, due to the increasing importance of economic competitiveness, legal pressures, environmental concerns in the context of old products, and social impacts, the issue of a closed-loop supply chain has attracted many researchers. Increasing the eciency and eectiveness of supply chain activities is one of the sustainable competitive advantages for companies. Also, companies and organizations are not only aware of environmental factors but are also aware of the revenues of collecting and recycling their used products. The closedloop supply chain is a way of considering the recycling of products to control environmental barriers. This research aims to develop a robust optimization approach for designing a supply chain network in industrial bread. A multi-objective integrated integer linear programming model is presented as a single-product, single-cycle, and multi-capacity. In this model, two economic and environmental objectives are examined under certainty and uncertainty conditions. A balance between the goals of the equilibrium is established and the model is tested in dierent sizes and uncertainties by using the Torabi and Hassini (TH) method. The results demonstrate that in all cases, the robust approach overcomes the deterministic approach based on the mean value of the objective function. Regarding the standard deviation, the robust approach in the problem of 6*10*10*6 with uncertainties =0.2 and =1, the problem of 9*15*15*9 with uncertainties =0.2 and =0.5, and the problem of 12*20*20*12 with uncertainties =0.2, =0.5 and =1, extremely overcome but in other cases, the deterministic approach has better outcomes. A robust strategy model achieves higher quality and better performance than the deterministic strategy in large problems and higher uncertainty. Due to the size of the problem and the uncertainty, in most cases, the gap between these two approaches increases with respect to both coecients of performance.

It is stated in the definition of Qassama that it is an oath that is taken to prove the crime or the acquittal of the accused. Qasamah cannot be fulfilled except with Luth. It is for this reason that Luth owes the presumption of suspicion to prove the truth of the plaintiff's claim. Regarding the type of Emirates and the evidence that leads to the realization of Luth. There is no consensus among Imami jurists, therefore, any doubts and doubts about the authenticity of the Emirates that led to Luth in the eyes of any judge, considering the generality of the rule of Dara and the doubt that governs it, the judge cannot implement Qassama, In addition to the above cases, mere suspicion and emirates alone are not enough to enforce the oath, and the sworn oath of the plaintiff is a necessary condition for issuing a verdict mami jurists are of the opinion that in Qassam it is a condition that the arbitrator swears by knowledge. If the juror takes an oath in any way without knowledge. Due to the doubt in the science and generality of the Dar' rule, the material element of the crime is not realized, and it is for this reason that despite the Dar' rule, resorting to oaths in today's world, where the truth of people's words and oaths cannot be relied upon, cannot be justified and implemented. be In this article, we are looking for an answer to this question: can this rule be used as a negation of the argument of Qasama in Luth? .

In order to study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus biofertilizers on photosynthetic pigments, grain yield, yield components and grain protein content of two pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties under different irrigation regimes; a split-split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at a field in Farsan, southwestern Iran, in 2021. The main plots were allocated to irrigation treatments including: irrigation after 50, 75 and 100 mm (I1, I2 and I3, respectively) cumulative evaporation from class A evaporation pan and the sub plots were allocated to different sources of biofertilizers treatments including: control (no biofertilizer application), Azotobarvar-1(nitrogen), Phosphatebarvar-2 (phosphorus) and Azotobarvar-1 + Phosphatebarvar-2 (nitrogen + phosphorus). Sub-sub plots were allocated to two varieties of peas (Majarestani and Wolfholland). Results showed that in Majarestani variety mild drought stress increased chlorophyll a and b contents, but severe drought stress decreased them. In Wolfholland variety, both mild and severe drought stress decreased chlorophyll a and b contents. In both varieties, mild drought stress increased carotenoid contents, but severe drought stress decreased them. Biofertilizers were effective in improving chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents, particularly under drought stress conditions. The drought stress reduced the grain yield and yield components of both pea varieties but application of biofertilizers moderated the effects of drought stress. The highest value of grain yield was obtained from the Majarestani variety when grown under full irrigation conditions (I1) and nitrogen biofertilizer application. Under the mild and severe drought stress (I2 and I3), the highest value of grain yield was obtained from Majarestani variety in the presence of phosphorus and nitrogen + phosphorus biofertilizer application, respectively. Majarestani variety outranked the Wolfholland in terms of  pods/plant, grain/pod and grain yield under both stress and normal conditions, but the latter variety indicated a greater 1000-grain weight. Therefore, Majarestani variety is a more suitable cultivar, particularly under drought stress conditions. Grain protein percentage was not affected by variety. The highest percentage of grain protein content was achieved with I2 irrigation and nitrogen + phosphorus biofertilizer treatments, averaged over the examined varieties. To conclude, given the prevalence of water scarcity in the semi-arid regions of Iran’s type, further examinations of more drought resistant varieties such as Majarestani and application of biofertilizers may prove suitable for reducing the adverse effects of drought stress.

The H-bridge (HB) driver design with high efficiency is one of the most challenging issues in power systems that drive AC/DC loads. HB driver circuit based upon complementary MOSFET type used as a driving system of DC motor, power converters, and battery charger for electrical vehicles. In Driving DC motors, dead-time (DT) generation has been considered a major factor such as preventive power line short-circuit (shoot-through) over high and low-side MOSFETs. In this paper, the HB driver is designed for linear actuators with consideration for the prevention of shoot-through. The propagation delay of logic gates are used to postpone the arrival gate drive signal for high/low side MOSFETs resulting in short circuit elimination on the DC source. As mentioned, logic gates’ propagation delay by their values causes interruption between the high and low-side power switches gate drive signal resulting in shoot-through elimination. Although the existence of DT influences the performance of the rotational speed and output torque of a DC motor by increasing the distortion and pulse interval, Linear actuators due to low-velocity linear motion do not require the PWM control, therefore DT has no substantial effect on driver performance. Simulation and experimental results validate the method proposed in this paper. According to the specifications of the circuit designed in this paper, for loads that do not need rotational speed control, logic gates with proper propagation delay can be chosen to eliminate short circuits in complementary MOS switches without requiring DT compensation methods.

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition, in which the person with pain faces so much suffering and medical expenses. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) with Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on anxiety sensitivity in women with chronic pain.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group with 2-month follow-up. The statistical population included all women with chronic pain in the back and spine who referred to the specialized and physiotherapy clinic of Imam Reza Hospital in Islamshahr in 2022. 45 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into three equal groups The experimental ISTDP and MBCT groups received 8 sessions each (one 1-hour session per week), but the control group did not receive any interventions. Demographic information checklist and Taylor and Cox’s Anxiety Sensitivity Index were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.

In the linear combination of anxiety sensitivity variables and dimensions of physical, cognitive, and social symptoms according to group membership and pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages, the interaction effect of group and time was significant (F=218.063, p<0.001 & η=0.603). The difference in the average score of ISTDP with MBCT with the control group was significant in anxiety sensitivity and its dimensions with Benferroni test (p<0.001), However, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of the two intervention methods (p>0.05).

Both intervention methods had a positive effect on anxiety sensitivity in women with chronic pain. These findings can be promising in planning rehabilitation and treatment interventions for these patients along with conventional medical treatment.

This paper addresses the problem of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for nonstationary signals using time-frequency distributions (TFDs). The averaging method is used for selecting the time-frequency points. For this purpose, a strength indicator is used to remove the points with more noise. The method of obtaining the strength indicator is described and numerical simulations are used to show its effect. In addition, the DOA estimation method using time-frequency distributions when the number of sources is more than sensors is described and simulated. In addition to the narrowband model, the broadband model is also used for the output signal of the sensor array, which increases the accuracy of the performance evaluation of DOA estimation methods. The effect of time-frequency kernels, number of snapshots, number of sensors, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bandwidth and signal type are investigated in simulations. The effect of window length and window type in the Wigner-Ville kernel is also examined. The computational complexities of both conventional and time-frequency DOA estimation methods are also compared. The results show that as the strength indicator increases, the estimation error decreases, but with a large increase in the strength indicator, the number of averaging points also decreases, which increases the error. Simulation results show that for low SNRs, the TFD based DOA estimation methods perform better, while for high SNR values, both conventional and TFD based approaches have similar performances.

Background & objectives: 

Lighting is one of the most critical environmental factors affecting visual comfort, sleep quality, occupational accidents, and musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to design and develop a tool for the subjective assessment of lighting in hospital workplaces.

 This study was conducted on 180 hospital personnel in Iran. First, the existing questionnaires were reviewed, and questions were collected as a questionnaire. This questionnaire consisted of 7 main sections and a section entitled "Suggestions for improving lighting". The validity of the questionnaire was determined based on expert comments and the CVI index. Its reliability was assessed by completing the questionnaire for hospital staff. According to the North American Society of Lighting Engineers (IESNA) standard, illumination was evaluated and compared with the questionnaire results.

 The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and CVI value of the questionnaire were estimated to be 0.901 and 0.97, respectively. The minimum and maximum local illuminances were 55.67 and 980.80 lux, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship between the mean score of the questionnaire and the illuminances in the workstations (r =0.716, P<0.001). 72.8% of the workstations had good lighting, and the results of the questionnaire evaluation in these stations showed good and excellent lighting conditions.

 The designed subjective lighting assessment questionnaire had good validity and reliability. This tool is recommended to assess and improve the lighting of the hospital working environment due to its simplicity, the inclusion of different aspects of lighting comfort, and solutions to improve the lighting system.

The objective of this research is to measure nitrogen dioxide in Beyhaqi Terminal of Tehran and model the release of this pollutant.

In 3 selected stations, sampling was done once a month during the year and three days a month and 3 times a day. For sampling, NIOSH method No. 6004 and Saltzman method were used with the help of Impinger and Saltzman absorbent solution with a flow rate of 0.2 L/min and then the concentration of this pollutant was determined using a spectrophotometer. Austal view, version 7 software was used for modeling.

In both scenarios regarding the one-hour distribution, the pollutant concentration is high at the beginning, and then due to atmospheric conditions and pollutant chemistry, the pollutant concentration decreases, especially in the western direction, but in 3 directions, south, north, and west, from a maximum distance of 300 meters. , the pollutant concentration is greatly reduced. Of course, it decreases much faster from the western side, and the pollution zone continues more towards the east. According to the American National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), the allowable amount of this pollutant in a 1-hour average is 100 ppb, no area is in this zone. Also, according to the standard of the World Health Organization, the hourly limit of this pollutant is 200 ppb, and on this basis, there is no limit beyond the standard.

By using management and engineering solutions such as reducing the stopping time of cars, not turning on in place and using exhaust absorbent filters, it is possible to reduce pollutant emissions.

Blood supply chain management is one of the important elds in the health care system. The blood supply chain consists of two components: donor blood collection and blood product supply. Human blood is a scarce resource. It is only produced by human beings and there are currently no other products or alternative chemical processes that can be used to generate blood. Blood supply chain is dierent from other supply chains because (a) supply of blood to donors and (b) one unit of blood being mechanically separated into ve components. In this study, a two-stage stochastic model for locationinventory of blood, which is part of the supply chain of perishable goods, was studied. The proposed blood supply chain has three levels of blood donors, mobile and xed centers and consumption centers. This study investigates platelet component which is a highly perishable component. The decision is made to determine the location of collection and distribute blood facility as well as the optimal inventory control policy such as identifying the optimal ordering for facing lack of blood, which is the main challenge based on perishable blood issuing policy which is FIFO. The objective function of the problem includes minimizing the cost of establishing blood donation centers, the cost of allocating donors to xed and mobile centers, the cost of transporting blood units along the supply chain network, the cost of ordering, inventory holding costs, and shortages and wasting blood in blood centers and hospitals. The eciency in reducing network costs lies in making correct decisions on locating, allocation, and inventory. We preferred a three-level network with donors and collection station and demand points and presented a programing model for locating station and allocation donor to them and identifying inventory policy. Given NP-hardness of the model, two metaheuristic GA and PSO algorithms were employed.

 Plant size control is one of the most important factors in the production of ornamental plants. Plant size can be limited by a variety of methods, including genetic control, environmental conditions, and the use of plant growth retardants. Lily (Lilium sp.) is one of the most important cut flowers with different species and cultivars. Some lilies can grow up to one meter in height. Usually the appropriate height of the stem for pot use is 40-30 cm, which is achieved by using growth regulators. This study aimed to investigate the role of uniconazole and cycocel to control height, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Lilium.

 This study was carried out in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design. Uniconazole (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1) and cycocel (0, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1) were the first factor and application methods of the above compounds (immersion application and foliar application) was the second factor. Disease-free bulbs (with a circumference of 15 cm) Lily (Longifiorum × Asistic cv. Eyeliner) was purchased from Saei Gol Company in Tehran. To apply the immersion treatment, the bulbs were immersed in a solution of cycocel (CCC) and uniconazole (UN) for 7 minutes before planting. Then they were planted in plastic pots. In foliar spraying treatments, the bulbs were first planted in pots and when the stem height reached 10 cm, they were sprayed with CCC and UN. Water was used for control treatment. Leaf number, plant height, total chlorophyll, total phenol, flower diameter, enzyme activity (PPO, GPX or CAT) and time of budding were measured. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and mean comparisons were analyzed by the least significant difference test.

 The effect of growth retardant, the application method and their interaction was significant on stem height. The shortest plants were observed in foliage application of 10 mg L-1 UN which was not significantly different from the concentration of 10 mg L-1 UN in immersion method. The mechanism of growth retardants is to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins. Therefore, they act as anti-gibberellins to reduce plant height. Uniconazole inhibits the biosynthesis of gibberellins by blocking kaurene oxidase, a P450 enzyme. The largest diameter of lily flowers was observed in immersion application of 1500 mg L-1 CCC however, there was no significant difference between flower diameter of mentioned treatment with immersion method of 1000 mg L-1 CCC and foliar application of 10 mg L-1 UN. Growth retardants increase endogenous cytokinin levels, resulting in increased cell division and improved flower growth and flower diameter. The effect of growth retardant on number of leaves was significant. The highest numbers of leaves were observed in 1000 and 1500 mg L-1 CCC. The effect of growth retardant, the application method and their interaction was significant on chlorophyll and phenol contents. The highest chlorophyll content was observed in immersion application of 10 mg L-1 UN. Growth retardants appear to increase chlorophyll content due to increased cytokines. The results of this study showed an increase in total phenol in plants treated with uniconazole 10 mg L-1. Growth retardants have been reported to increase phenol content by increasing plant resistance to environmental stresses. Catalase enzyme activity was significantly affected by growth retardant. The highest activity of CAT enzyme was related to CCC at 1500 mg L-1. The effect of growth retardant and their interaction was significant on GPX enzyme activity. The highest enzyme activity was obtained in plants sprayed with 1000 mg L-1 CCC. Growth retardants have been reported to increase enzyme activity, causing plant resistance to environmental stresses and delaying lipid peroxidation and membrane degradation.

 Considering that one of the most important goals in the present study was the production of dwarf lilium, it can be said that uniconazole 10 mg L-1 (foliar application and immersion) had a significant effect in controlling stem height compared to other treatments. The effect of this treatment on other traits such as flower diameter, total chlorophyll and total phenol was also significant. The time of budding, leaf number and activity of CAT and GPX enzymes was better in cycocel treatment with a concentration of 1500 mg L-1. Therefore, the use of uniconazole can be recommended for the production of dwarf plants, considering that it works better in two important traits, including controlling stem height and increasing flower diameter. It is also suggested that since the cycocel treatment was effective in increasing enzymatic activity, the effect of this treatment on plant resistance to environmental stresses should be investigated.

In this research, the stability of Khorasan Petrochemical Feed Gas Compressor (C-2102) in surge avoidance control conditions with the aim of reducing energy consumption has been studied. Surge avoidance is one of the common methods to deal with the surge phenomenon, which prevents the onset of surge condition by preventing the flow drop in the suction side of compressor. In the present paper, by examining the operating conditions and performance curves of the compressor, three types of surge avoidance systems have been designed that maintain the compressor operating point at a safe distance to the surge line by measuring the operating speed, volume flow and suction pressure to the compressor. According to the results, in case the suction flow drops to 10% as a step function, the anti-surge control system prevents approaching the surge conditions, and in case the flow drop enters as a ramp function, the control system performs better and maintains the compressor operating point in the stable zone in the event of a 40% flow drop. According to the results, if the surge avoidance control system is activated, it will be possible to increase the suction pressure of the compressor, which will reduce the compressor power consumption by 20 percent.

These days, traffic is one of the biggest problems in metropolitan life. The heavy traffic, besides many problems for citizens, causes waste of resources such as energy and fuel. Many factors affect traffic in Tehran. Identification of these factors and their impact on traffic flow can help urban managers to prioritize and allocate resources to address their effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of two factors of driving accidents and atmospheric conditions on traffic congestion in the metropolitan Tehran and to model and predict the traffic length caused by these factors in different situations. The data of this research has been collected through the investigation of the database of the traffic control center of Tehran. For this purpose, firstly, statistical analysis and pre-processing operations have been performed on the data. Then, by using data mining methods such as clustering, classification, and categorization through the decision tree, two models for the effect of accidents and atmospheric conditions in different regions of Tehran have been obtained. Finally, the rules for each model are extracted. The results show that about 4% of traffic was caused by accidents and 1% due to atmospheric conditions. According to statistical analysis of linear regression, it is determined that the traffic length due to accident is a function of the accident severity, the area of the municipality of the accident site, and the number of involved equipment, while it doesn't have the effect of a typical day or holiday. Also, the traffic length caused by atmospheric conditions depends on the area of the municipality, the atmospheric conditions, and the day type of typical day or the holiday. The results show that the maximum length of traffic is related to the crashes with two vehicles involved in the accident or in rainy weather. It is also found that according to the results and extracted rules, the maximum traffic length in both models is 200-500 meters.

Maintaining the oral health of young children is influenced by the knowledge and beliefs of parents, especially their mothers. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) of mothers of 3-6 year old children in Saveh city in 2021 about the importance of deciduous teeth.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 400 mothers of children aged 3-6 years of Saveh health centers. The participants were selected by multi-stage sampling method. Data collection method was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the constructs of KAP. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Mean and standard deviation of knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 8.6 ± 2.3, 35.5 ± 6.6 and 7.8 ±2.1, respectively. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between knowledge with attitude (r = 0.33) and attitude with practice (r = 0.72) (p <0.05). In total, 8% of children used dental floss once a day, 7.2% used a toothbrush once a day, and 50% used it 2 or 3 times a week. The most important reason for going to the dentist (61.7%) was the child's toothache.

The results showed that the studied mothers had moderate knowledge, and poor attitude and practice. Due to the poor attitude and practice of mothers in flossing and brushing, designing and implementing an educational program for mothers on the importance of caring for deciduous teeth, it is recommended.

Appropriate complementary feeding is one of the main ways to prevent malnutrition in infants, which is a serious health problem in developing countries including Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a theory-based educational intervention on timely complementary feeding initiation in primiparous mothers.

In this randomized controlled trial, 68 primiparous mothers (34 in each intervention and control group) of infants aged 2 to 3 months participated in the study using a Multi-stage random sampling method in Kashan, Iran, 2019. The educational intervention was designed based on the theory of planned behavior. The data collection tool included a demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on the theory of planned behavior. SPSS 22 software was used for data analysis, using Chi-square test, independent and paired t-test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

After the intervention, there were significant increases in the mean scores of knowledge (p=0.004) and attitude (p=0.02) in the intervention group compared to the control group, but the mean scores of intentions to initiate complementary feeding timely, showed no significant differences between the control group and the intervention group. A significant increase was seen in the mean score of perceived behavioral control in the intervention group (p=0.002). Only perceived behavioral control significantly increased the chances of timely initiation of complementary feeding (OR=1.36, p=0.002).

The educational programs based on the theory of planned behavior has small effects on improving timely complementary feeding.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the myelinated axons of the central nervous system causing neurological deterioration. People with this disease have low functional capacity, physical ability, balance and quality of life due to the symptoms. There are a variety of treatments for managing symptoms other than medication. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selective MELT exercises on balance, speed of walking, quality of life and expanded disability status scale in women with multiple sclerosis.

In this quasi-experimental study, 20 women with MS were randomly divided into two groups of 10 patients, experimental (with mean and standard deviation of age, 42.5 ± 1.8 years, height 168.5 ± 10.6 cm and weight, 72.7 ± 10.6 kg) and control (With mean and standard deviation of age, 39.8 ± 2.06 years, height 166.6 ± 08.08 cm and weight, 71.04 ± 11.2 kg). The MELT selected training program were included various exercises to release myofascial tissue, eight weeks with a frequency of 3 sessions per week and 1 hour each session. In addition, static and dynamic balance with foot scanner, walking speed by distance traveled 8 meters, quality of life using MSQOL-54 quality of life questionnaire, and the result of expanded disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale; EDSS) was evaluated by a neurologist. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance test at the mean level of p <0. 05.

The results showed that in the experimental group, static balance (p=0.024), dynamic (p=0.004), walking speed (p=0.001) and quality of life (p=0.001) after eight weeks improved while the Extended Physical Impairment Scale (EDSS) did not change between the two groups.

Considering the specificity of MELT exercises and the effect of these exercises on the release of patients' myofacial tissue, it seems that the exercise program used in the present study can be used as a therapeutic intervention to improve static and dynamic balance, walking speed and quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis. However, due to the lack of research in this field, further research on the effect of these exercises in patients with multiple sclerosis is recommended.

One challenge in preparing polymer/ceramic composites is non-uniform ceramic particles distribution in a polymer matrix. This research evaluated the effect of stirring time and temperature on hydroxyapatite (HA) distribution through (polylactic acid) PLA matrix. Therefore, to mix the ceramic suspension with the polymer solution, three temperatures, namely 25, 37, and 45°C and four times including 6, 12, 24 and, 48 h were examined. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was used to investigate the bonds, which showed physical bond formation such as carboxyl-calcium-carboxyl between HA and polymer matrix, influenced on particles distribution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to observe particles distribution and determine samples homogeneity. To fulfill this goal, each obtained photograph representing the calcium presentation was split into nine equal sections, and a method based on the newly defined index called dispersion factor “α” was used to analyze the distribution. Results showed that the sample prepared at 37°C and 48 h had the topmost homogeneity properties.