m. kavoosi-kalashami

The development of sustainable animal husbandry plays an important role in establishing food security, improving welfare, increasing the income of rural households, improving productivity, creating job opportunities, creating links with other economic sectors, and rural development. In Iran, the issue of sustainable development of the animal husbandry industry and creating sustainability is one of the most important issues of the country because the animal husbandry industry is one of the most important sub-sectors of the agricultural industry, which produces the most important basic food of the country, i.e., red meat. The main goal of this research is to identify and prioritize the obstacles and problems of sustainable animal husbandry development in Guilan province. The development of the agriculture and animal husbandry industry is necessary to access a sufficient amount of food and energy and to cover the ever-increasing demand due to the increase in the population. Guilan province has a suitable capacity for the development of animal husbandry activities. Paying attention to the existing research gaps, by summarizing findings in this field, using the opinion of animal husbandry industry experts, and the application of the multi-indicator decision-making model, this study identified the obstacles and problems for the development of sustainable animal husbandry in Guilan province.

Various criteria have been introduced in previous research as key factors for the sustainable development of animal husbandry, the most important of which included structural, institutional, economic, cultural, social, environmental, macro goals and strategies, the process and cycles of providing inputs, and selling livestock products. The decision tree was drawn using the findings of similar studies and the opinions of provincial experts in this industry. The data collection tool is a questionnaire for pairwise comparisons of decision tree criteria and sub-criteria. To determine the weight of the criteria and sub-criteria included in the decision tree, the opinions of 10 experts in this field in Guilan province were collected and analyzed using the Fuzzy Hierarchy Process (FAHP). Fuzzy set theory is a mathematical theory designed to model the ambiguity of processes related to human knowledge. The decision maker can freely choose the range of desired values. Also, the uncertain judgment of the expert can be expressed by a fuzzy number. In this method, fuzzy numbers are used for the pairwise comparison of options, and the decision maker can express the pairwise comparisons of the elements of each level in the form of triangular fuzzy numbers. The decision tree for this research has five main criteria including institutional, environmental, social and cultural, structural, and economic factors, and 31 different sub-criteria. FAHP is a systematic method that uses the concepts of fuzzy set theory and hierarchical structure analysis. The calculated weights are a suitable basis for prioritizing the main obstacles and problems in the sustainable animal husbandry industry development of Guilan province. Modeling and obtaining the results were done in the MATLAB software.

The results of the research showed that from the point of view of experts, institutional and economic obstacles with the weights of 29.71% and 19.23%, respectively, are considered to be the most important obstacles to the development of sustainable animal husbandry in Guilan province. On the other hand, the sub-criteria of low attention to the animal husbandry sector in the provincial policies from the institutional criterion, the inappropriateness of the materials used, considering the weather conditions from the environmental criterion, the low status and job position of animal husbandry from the social and cultural criterion, the lack of high-yielding breeds consistent with the conditions of the region from the structural criterion, and the lack of adequate insurance coverage from the economic criterion have the highest rank among the sub-criteria.

The obtained results indicated the high level of obstacles and problems for the development of sustainable animal husbandry in Guilan province, which requires the attention of policymakers and the development of a policy package that fits the priorities determined in this study.

Paying attention to the development chain, which also includes the supply chain and the value chain; is essential to preserve, revive, and develop traditional products. In this regard, awareness of the importance and position of traditional products such as woolen products and provide solutions to boost production and their presence in domestic and foreign markets, can be helpful. The main goal of this study was to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the production and supply chain of woolen products in Rezvanshahr County. Research data were collected based on face-to-face interviews with 30 local experts in 2018 through the available sampling method. Using the SWOT matrix, a strategy was developed for the production and supply chain of woolen products in this county. The results showed that the strategic position of production and supply chain of woolen products in Rezvanshahr County was in the first place. Being located in this area, so-called invasive units (SO), a strategy entitled the development chain (revitalization and maintenance in the first stage and development of the production and supply chain of woolen products in Rezvanshahr Couty in the next stage) was suggested.

Establishing a good sound waste management system for a community requires a comprehensive knowledge of the current status and issues involved in present waste management system. This research was conducted to identify and prioritize waste management weaknesses in Saravan village of Guilan province, Iran.

Data were gathered through a descriptive-analytical approach using a purposive sampling and researcher-made questionnaire method. Waste management weaknesses were prioritized by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), and Analytic Network Process (ANP).

The most important weakness of rural waste management in the study area was waste management structure, equipment, and infrastructures weakness (index C) with relative importance values of 38.1% in AHP, 37.3% in FAHP, and 38.2% in ANP approaches. The village inhabitants' weakness (index B) with relative importance values of 16.5% in AHP, 17.2% in FAHP, and 1.4% in ANP had the lowest priority among studied weaknesses. Workforce weakness (index A), and educational and cultural weakness (index D) were the second and third important weaknesses, respectively. The most important sub-indices weakness of these weakness indices were non-compliance of Rural Municipality Manager (RMM) with waste management standards, rules, and regulations; Waste disposal by the village inhabitants at the nearest site; failure to establish a solid waste fix station in the village; and lack of training and awareness of villagers about waste management.

In order to establish a successful waste management system in rural areas, it is recommended to develop a comprehensive strategy that involves aspects such as; establishing proper waste management infrastructures, employment of skilled staff, and conducting training plans and motivational programs for staff and inhabitantsThe author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.