m. t. mobasheri

the purpose of the present survey is to identify the motivating components of the Eftetah Prayer on students' relationship with God.

The statistical population of the study included undergraduate and graduate students of Shahid Sharafat and Shahid Bahonar Centers of Farhangian University and 320 students were selected as a sample according to Cochran's formula. This research was practical and mixed in terms of purpose and implementation, respectively. To collect data in the qualitative section, Eftetah Prayer text was studied, and then through open and axial coding, the components affecting relationship with God were identified. Also, based on the extracted components, a 13-item researcher-made questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was developed. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by expert professors. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated 0.90 Cronbach's alpha. In the quantitative part, a set of descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data through Spss software.

  The results showed that the components extracted from the Eftetah Prayer (epistemological, spiritual, and moral elements) positively affect students' relationship with God.

Therefore, educators are advised to draw students' attention to the main themes of the prayers, which are based on relationship with God, and to refrain from simply just reading them

The white peach scale, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, is one of the most important pests of stone fruit trees in the northern provinces of Iran. The efficacy of several synthetic and biorational insecticides was investigated on white peach scale in a peach orchard in Shirang-E-Olya village of Kamalan district in Aliabad-E-Katoul city. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and four replications in the peach orchard. Treatments in this experiment include: Pyriproxyfen (EC10%) at the rate of 1 and 2 ml/L, Chlorpyrifos (EC 40.8%) at the rate of 4 and 8 ml/L, Thiacloprid (OD 24%) at the rate of 0.6 and 1.2 ml/L, Spirotetramate (SC 100) at the rate of 1 and 2 ml/L, Flupyradifurone (SL 20%) at the rate of 1 and 2 ml/L, Palizin (SL) at the rate of 3 and 1.5 ml/L, Tondexir (EC) at the rate of 4 and 8 ml/L, Citral (EC) at the rate of 1 and 2 ml/L and control. Sampling was performed 1 day before spraying, and then the first and second generation of this pest after spraying. Data were analyzed by Glm method and means were compared by Duncan multiple range test using SAS software. Spirotetramate (1 ml/L) had the highest efficacy percentage among the insecticides used on the first generation of this pest. For the second generation also, the highest efficacy was observed by Spirotetramate (1ml/L) and Chlorpyrifos (4 ml/L). Among the bio-insecticides, 1.5 ml/L of Palizin and 8 ml/L of Tondexir were highly effective, too. Although chemical insecticide such as Chlorpyrifos showed good results, the new insecticide Spirotetramate had the same or better efficacy than Chlorpyrifos. Therefore this insecticide can be a suitable substituted for chlorpyrifos. Biorational insecticides also had good effect in eliminating white peach scale and can be used as biocompatible insecticide.

Over the last two decades in response to rising production costs in many Asian countries the method of establishing rice by manual seedling transplantation has changed to direct cultivation. Changing the method of rice establishment and the resulting stresses has led to pay more attention to management methods in direct rice cultivation. Rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) is one of the most destructive pests of this product. In this study, the efficacy of Hexaflumuron (Consult®) and Kitoagrosens inhibitor fertilizer with the recommended concentrations  was evaluated to control this pest at intervals of 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after spraying using Henderson-Tilton method. Their effects on rice yield components were investigated, too. The results showed that in terms of insecticidal efficacy on rice stem borer, both the compounds were most effective after 7 days, while Hexaflumuron ( >90%) was more effective than Kitoagrosens (~70%). On the other hand, the results related to crop yield components showed that Kitoagrosens had better effects on all parameters, especially on 100-seed weight, which is significantly higher than other treatments. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that Kitoagrosens has e less insecticidal ability than Hexaflumuron but have a greater strengthening effect on the quantitative and qualitative indicators of rice crop.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the narrative of "seven ages" and to examine the stages of child rearing and its adaptation to the views of some experts in educational sciences.

This is a library research and has been done by analytical-documentary method.

The educational method presented by the religious leaders (P.B.U.T) in the narration of "Seven Ages" based on the needs and abilities of the child, has been in three stages of seven-year development and the views of the scholars of educational sciences are to a large extent in accordance with the recommendations given in the narration .

The model presented by the Imams is a complete model for the development of children's talents and their proper upbringing and to achieve this, it is necessary for parents and educators to be familiar and educated with this model and its implementation strategies.

Background and Objectives Flea beetles are the main pests of oilseed rape which the adult beetles cause damage via feeding on cotyledons and early leaves of crop. They gnaw small round holes into leaves, decreasing assimilation surface and slowing down plant's growth. Heavy damage at the early stage of cotyledons may destroy the plant. The critical period of damage on the crop is from germination and cotyledon stage until the appearance of 4–6 true leaves, later the damage is less harmful. Control of this pest mostly depends on using chemical pesticides via seed dressing and/or foliar application. This study aimed to estimate the effects of new chemical insecticides to control this pest in Iran. Materials and Methods To chemical control flea beetles, the project was carried out in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with six treatments and three replications in the provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan in 2018. The treatments were alpha-cypermethrin 15% WDG, with two doses (300 g/ha and 150 g/ha), lambda-cyhalothrin CS10% (75 ml/ha), malathion EC 57% (600 ml/ha), thiacloprid OD24% (300 ml/ha) and control. Sampling and counting of the flea beetles were done 1 day before and 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment via counting the cached beetles on yellow sticky traps (one trap in the center of each plot) as well as the active beetles in a 0.5×0.5m quadrate in each plot center. Fourteen days after treatment, the percentage of infested plants and leaf surface damage were measured. The beetle's mortality was calculated by the Henderson-Tilton formula. Data were analyzed with SAS ver. 9 software, and the means were compared using Duncan.  Results All insecticides showed a significant difference at 1% probability level comparing with control. Alpha-cypermethrin with 300 and 150g/ha and lambda-cyhalothrin in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces with 87.17,84.19, 81.66; 76.66, 86.12, and 76 percentage efficacies had the highest effectiveness in control the pest, respectively. Malathion in Mazandaran and Golestan with 24.59% and 22.66% and thiaclopride 14.01% and 19%, respectively, were less effective in controlling and reducing flea beetles damage on the crop. Moreover, the percentage of infested plants was significantly different among insecticides 14 days after treatment at a probability level of 1%. Discussion Pest management of canola flea beetles faces ecological challenges and severe dependence on synthetic chemical pesticides. Insufficient soil moisture, late planting, unsuitable planting beds, and hot and sunny days with dry winds in the early growing stages of canola in autumn increase the damage and reduce the green area of the field in a short time. Due to the unsatisfactory effect of biological substances and plant compounds on canola flea beetles, chemical insecticides are one of the main options to reduce the population of this distractive pest in rapeseed fields. In various studies, in addition to chemical insecticides, biological compounds and botanical insecticides were tested to manage the control of pest. But in most cases, chemical insecticides were more effective. Therefore, determining the appropriate time for application and using effective insecticides are integral parts of the pest control strategy. This study's result showed that alpha-cypermethrin 15% WDG (150 and 300 g/ha) and lambda-cyhalothrin CS10% (75 ml/ha) could be used as new insecticides to control canola flea beetles.

Cereal leaf beetle(Lema melanopa) is one of the most common pests of eastern Golestan province. Larvae often prefer the flag leaf for feeding, which has the greatest impact on the performance of wheat fields. One of the newest organic insecticides is Rui Agro (Matrin), so in this study the efficacy of Matrin at concentrations of one and two per thousand compared with Malathion and Hexaflumuron at concentrations of two per thousand and control treatment on larvae. This project was evaluated in a randomized complete block design with five treatments. Samples were taken one day before, 3, 5, 10 and 14 days after treatment and also in laboratory conditions the LC50 of Matrin on second and third instar larvae of this pest were estimated by using Polo-Pc software. The results showed that Matrine insecticide with high concentration had similar performance to Malathion and also in second concentration did not differ significantly affect with Hexaflumuron. Matrin LC50 level in second instar larvae were 57.57 ppm and for third instar larvae were calculated 106.79 ppm. Overall, the results indicate that the new insecticide Matrin ability to control this pest, as well as high-risk pesticides Malathion and can be an excellent substitute for it. Given that the origin of this insecticide from the extract of Russian knapweed, it has little effect on the environment.

Different species of weevils (Col.: Curculionidae) are found in oilseed rape fields, which some of those are canola stem-borer weevils. They feed inside petioles, crown and/or stems of the crop in larval stages and cause damage. These weevils are mainly belonging to genus Ceutorhynchus, which little information about their taxonomy, distribution and biology is available in Iran.

During 2016-2018, the biological characteristics of canola stem-borer weevils were investigated in canola fields of Mazandaran, Lorestan and Golestan provinces. In each province, three fields were selected for collecting samples. Yellow water traps were used for weekly collecting adult weevils from the fields during crop growing season. For collecting weevil-infested crops and determining infestation rate, 10 quadrates (0.5 × 0.5 m) were used per field. The adult weevils collected by the traps were identified and the pest biology as well as the infestation rates of the crop by the weevils were studied.

In this study, five Ceutorhynchid species were collected and identified: C. picitarsis and C. chalybaeus from Mazandaran, C. erysimi and C. pallidactylus from Golestan and C. sulcicollis from Lorestan, Mazandaran and Golestan. In late November, the adult weevils migrated to canola fields and after feeding and mating, the females deposited their eggs into main veins, petioles of the lower leaves or inside of the collar area of young canola plants and the emerged larvae penetrated into the host plant. The three larval instars of this pest fed inside host plant tissue during autumn and winter till mid spring season. The feeding activity of the first and second instar larvae were observed in late November and late December, respectively. Third instar larvae were found from beginning until mid-spring season. In late April, third instar larvae left the host plant, dropped in the soil for pupation and new generation adults emerged in May. These weevils are univoltine. The results showed that, the maximum infestation rates of oilseed rape by the stem weevils in Mazandaran, Lorestan and Golestan provinces was 20.1±0.89, 14.8±1.29 and 10.2±0.29 percent, respectively.

Determining the time of adult migration activity, oviposiotion and larval development of the weevils is an integral part of pest management strategy in oilseed rape fields. In this study, flight and oviposition activity of adults and also feeding activity of the first instar larvae were mainly observed in late November, which suggests this time as a suitable time for chemical control, if necessary. These weevils are mostly distributed around the Caspian Sea region (Mazandaran and Golestan provinces) however more investigations are required to conclude the existence of those in other parts of country.