m. vahedi

After the Corona epidemic, educational systems were forced to move to online instruction and learning. Despite its advantages, online instruction could not overcome some of its challenges, such as the sense of presence of learners; therefore, the importance of using the blended learning approach for the educational systems of the world, especially the educational system of our country, was clearly clarified. Blended learning, which overcomes the challenges of online learning and face-to-face learning by blending online and face-to-face learning, and brings benefits such as increased flexibility, increased cost effectiveness, and time saving, has attracted the attention of teachers and learners. However, a fundamental challenge for the teachers is designing, implementing and evaluating a blended learning in order to achieve high-level learning and presence. In this regard, it is important to pay attention to cognitive presence and teaching presence, which are elements of the community of inquiry framework. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of blended learning on the level of cognitive presence and teaching presence of elementary school students in the science course.

The research method was a semi-experimental of pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population included all fifth-grade students in Shahryar, who were studying in the academic year 2022-2023. Using available sampling method, 60 students were selected; 30 students were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 30 students to the control group. The experimental group spent six sessions in the form of blended learning and the control group spent six sessions in the form of face-to-face learning. In order to check the changes before the intervention, a pre-test was performed on both groups, and after the intervention, a post-test was performed on both groups. The data collection tool in this research was the questionnaire of cognitive presence and teaching presence of Arbaugh et al. (2008). The reliability of the questionnaires of cognitive presence and teaching presence was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha values of 0.91 and 0.83, respectively. To analyze the research data, statistical methods were used at two descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (correlated t-test and multivariate covariance analysis) levels.

Based on the results of paired samples t-test, there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test stages in the variable of cognitive presence in both experimental and control groups and in the variable of teaching presence only in the experimental group (p≥ 0.001). The results of covariance analysis showed that the effect of blended learning on cognitive presence and teaching presence was greater than that of face-to-face learning (p≥0.01).

The results of the research showed that blended learning and face-to-face learning are both effective in increasing cognitive presence, but only blended learning is effective on teaching presence. Blended learning has a greater impact on cognitive and teaching presence compared to face-to-face learning. Therefore, blended learning by blending face-to-face and online learning has more effectiveness in the amount of cognitive and teaching presence and can be a suitable alternative to fully face-to-face learning in the educational system of our country, and it is suggested that the educational system adopt this approach in formal mainstream education.

The health of milk and its products is of great importance due to its high nutritional value. This nutrient medium is contaminated by microbial agents. Brucellosis is considered one of the most important zoonotic diseases and is endemic in the Middle East countries and has been reported in human and livestock populations in different parts of Iran. Brucellosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by a microorganism of the genus Brucella and transmitted through unpasteurized milk and dairy products. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of contamination of milk and traditional dairy products with Brucella bacteria by PCR method, Mamasani district, Fars province, south of Iran.

In the present cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 2021, 200 samples of traditional dairy products including 50 samples of raw milk, 50 samples of yogurt, 50 samples of cheese and 50 samples of butter from livestock farms in rural areas and inner-city shops of Mamasani district were collected and transferred to the microbiology laboratory. In order to identify the possible type of Brucella bacteria in the samples, the culture medium containing the supplement was used to prevent the growth of other pathogens. DNA of samples was extracted by DNp kit. In order to optimize the PCR test, the DNA sample was extracted from the standard strain of bacteria by boiling method and (cat: DN 811530) DNG. In each reaction, template DNA, primers (Bru and Low Bru Up), magnesium chloride, dNT and Taq DNA polymerase enzyme were used according to the instructions. The second step reaction was optimized with the same values. In the second step, instead of template DNA, the product of the first round was used. Second stage primers include Bru Up, Bru In primers. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square statistical test.

The results of the present study indicated that 1.86%, 2.8%, 0.3% and 0% of raw milk, cheese, yogurt and butter samples were infected with Brucella melitensis bacteria, respectively. The optimized PCR test had a very high specificity, as a result it did not react with any of the studied DNAs except Brucella DNA.

Although contact with animals and products infected with Brucella bacteria are known as the most important factors of brucellosis, but then again the climatic conditions and the type of animal farming and the eating behavior of the people in the way of using animal products as well as the pathogen species in each geographical area are the factors that determine the pattern of the disease. It displays the incidence of disease in different societies. The obtained results indicated that despite the measures taken to prevent Brucellosis disease, there was still a possibility of contamination of dairy products with Brucella bacteria.

Social laziness leads to a decrease in the efficiency of individuals, employees, and organizations; this issue shows itself more than any other organization in organizations such as cooperatives whose structure requires cooperation and teamwork. This research was carried out with the aim of analyzing social laziness in rural cooperatives of Ilam province using descriptive-correlational methodology. From 143 managers of rural cooperatives, the sample size was estimated to be 103 using the Krejcie and Morgan table. The samples were selected using random sampling method with proportional assignment. The instrument of data collection was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by three members of the academic staff of Ilam University. Its reliability was also calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.91). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. The findings showed that the relationships of the variables work conscience, self-control, job dissatisfaction, lack of progress motivation, and job commitment with social laziness are significant. Multiple regression analysis also showed that the four variables of lack of achievement motivation, job commitment, work conscience, and job dissatisfaction in total explained 53.1% of the changes in dependent variable social laziness. It is suggested that with the aim of valuing the activities of rural cooperatives and increasing the work motivation of people who are active in the field of rural cooperatives, their entrepreneurial opportunities be identified. Also, the issue of entering cooperatives into new fields with relative advantage in the province and increasing the job attractiveness of rural cooperatives should be put on the agenda.

Ticks, as external parasites, biological carriers and reservoirs of various diseases, play a role in the transmission of various disease agents to humans and animals. The aim of the present study was to identify hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the southern villages of Ahvaz-Khorramshahr road in southwest Iran.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted in 5 selected southern villages of the Ahvaz-Khorramshahr road in the summer and autumn of 2019, 156 heads of livestock were investigated, ticks in the two seasons of summer and autumn from different parts of the body of cattle, sheep and goats. were collected and identified according to Chegini's diagnostic key. The sample collection method was manual, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and Vines analysis.

In the present study, 156 animals were examined and 234 ticks were caught. A total of 3 species of ticks from 2 genera (Ripcephalus, Hyaloma) were identified. In total, Hyaluma marginatum was the most common species and Rhipicephalus sanguinus was the least abundant. The abundance of Rhipicephalus sanguinus was 16.4%, Hyaluma anatolicum was 36.2% and Hyaluma marginatum was 47.4% in this area. The highest abundance of Hyaloma marginatum and Ripicephalus sanguinus ticks was observed in Umm al-Tir village with 56% and 29%, respectively. The highest abundance of Hyaluma anatolicum species was observed in Krishan village with 50%. Tick infestation was observed in 6% of cattle, 13% of sheep and 10% of goats. The frequency of tick infection based on the body regions in cattle was in the head and neck (59%), under the tail and around the anus (27%), groin (14%), which statistically indicated a significant difference (02.02). p = 0).

The distribution of the collected ticks revealed that the studied areas were suitable for the activity of ticks due to the weather conditions, so health planners need to consider the possibility of the spread of tick-borne diseases in these areas.

Considering capabilities including good weather conditions, four types of climate, raining, and fertile soil, Ilam province has many entrepreneurship potentials and opportunities in agricultural sector. It is obvious that recognizing entrepreneurial opportunities in agricultural sector and reducing unemployment rate are of high importance in such conditions. Despite the significance of this issue, researchers have not paid much attention to recognition of women’s entrepreneurship opportunities. Considering that entrepreneurship is a capacity to discover and utilize profitable opportunities in a competitive market, a low level of understanding and recognition of entrepreneurship opportunities by Iranian entrepreneurs is notable. Accordingly, it can be inferred that not recognizing existent potentials and opportunities in the agricultural sector for women is the main reason for the low rate of employment among women, thus improving capabilities to recognize entrepreneurial opportunities among job seekers is one of the best solutions to resolve unemployment and to develop entrepreneurship.

The current study is a practical interpretive research. In terms of method, it is a qualitative research in which an inductive approach has been utilized. Semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis were utilized to analyze the data and the used texts, respectively. Semi-structured interview by an exploratory approach was utilized to achieve the goals of the qualitative research and to extract indicators related to recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities. Five selected female entrepreneurs in 2019, 6 professors in entrepreneurship field who were familiar with agricultural sector's concerns, and 6 employees in Agricultural Jahad Organizations with more than 15 years of service, were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. Non-probability and purposive sampling using a snowball sampling approach was utilized to select the sample. Selecting the sample was continued to ensure sufficiency and saturation of the data and to ensure that the next samples do not provide different information. In this study, 17 participants were interviewed. Lincoln and Guba’s evaluation was utilized to investigate the reliability and validity of the coding stage in analyzing qualitative context.

Qualitative analysis of field interviews and their implementation and coding showed that among the main themes of recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities for rural women, “psychological features” by 77 frequencies were the main themes. This main theme includes some secondary themes such as creativity, independence, the need for cognition, self-efficacy in recognizing entrepreneurial opportunities, and the ability to understand and organize information. Alertness with a frequency of 62 was the second main theme. This includes primary knowledge, social networks, evaluation of information, and connecting new information and primary knowledge. “Entrepreneurial intelligence” by frequency of 60 was the 3rd main theme. It includes secondary themes such as entrepreneurial insight, cognitive intelligence, social intelligence, venture intelligence, and provocative intelligence. The 4th main theme was “environmental supports” with a frequency of 47. It includes financial, social, cultural, and political support. The 5th theme was “ human capital” with a frequency of 33. This theme includes cognitive knowledge and experience. “Social capital” which includes connected philanthropy was the 6th theme with a frequency of 29. Turbulence as the 7th main theme by frequency of 27 includes secondary themes such as factors related to environment and personality factors.

Analyzing information and the interviews showed that the main drivers for recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities can be categorized into seven categories ( social capital, human capital, psychological features, turbulence, entrepreneurial intelligence, alertness, and environmental support). Generally, in the current study, 124 initial codes, 97 conceptual codes, 25 basic ( main) themes, and 7 organizing (secondary) themes were recognized and extracted using thematic analysis of 17 interviews.

In order to reduce the stress and anxiety caused by the spread of the Covid-19 disease, a beneficial and effective psychological variable such as resilience can play an adaptive role. Also, the therapeutic relationship is a meaningful and purposeful relationship between the nurse and the patient in order to solve the patient's problems and create adaptive responses.

The main purpose of this research was to determine the effect of communication therapy based on Peplau's theory on the level of anxiety and resilience of patients admitted to the corona ward of Khatam Al Anbia Hospital in Tehran in 2022.

In a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, using Corona anxiety questionnaires and Connor and Davidson resilience, 60 eligible patients and random allocation in the intervention and control group (30 people), therapeutic communication stages based on Peplau's theory (acquaintance, identification, utilization of care planning and evaluation and conclusion) with prior coordination And it was done according to the treatment plan of corona patients. The data was analyzed through parametric and non-parametric statistical tests using SPSS version 22 software.

The average index of corona anxiety in the intervention group, respectively, decreased from 1.95±0.21 to 1.6±0.11 after the intervention. Also, the average resilience index in the intervention group increased from 1.93±0.46 to 2.33±0.28 after the intervention, and the results of the paired t-test showed that in the intervention group, compared to the control group, the corona anxiety, and resilience in the post-intervention stage had a statistically significant decrease, and the difference before and after the intervention group was more than the control group. Based on the results of the analysis of covariance, the difference between the two intervention and control groups in the post-intervention phase was statistically significant.

Considering the impact of the communication therapy model based on Peplau's theory on anxiety and resilience, conducting educational interventions for the use of communication therapy by patients with chronic diseases and caregivers, as well as applying the results of communication therapy based on Peplau's method to The use of upcoming crises and epidemics is recommended.

This paper constructs a new five–dimensional hyper–chaotic system with complex dynamic behaviors. It also analyzes the chaotic attractor, bifurcation diagram, equilibrium points, Poincare map, Kaplan–Yorke dimension and Lyapunov exponent behaviors. We prove that the introduced new hyper-chaotic system has complex and nonlinear behaviors. Next, the work describes fast terminal sliding mode control scheme for the control and synchronization of the new hyper–chaotic system. Stability analysis is performed using the Lyapunov stability theory. For the synchronization, both master and slave systems are perturbed by different parameter and model uncertainties. Both steps of the sliding mode controller have finite–time convergence properties. Subsequently, it has been shown that the state paths of both master–slave systems can reach each other in a finite time. One of the main features of the proposed controller is the finite time stability of the terminal sliding surface designed with high–order power function of error and derivative of error. Finally, using the MATLAB simulation, the results are confirmed for the new hyper–chaotic system.

The population of the elderly is growing, and oral health of this specific population is suboptimal because the prevalence of caries, xerostomia, edentulism, and oral cancer has increased among them. Impaired oral health may cause many problems and negatively affect the quality of life (QoL). Due to the increased need for preventive and restorative dental procedures with aging, effective strategies must be implemented in this respect. Thus, it is necessary to assess the oral health status and dental care needs of the geriatric population.

A literature search was conducted for studies published between 2015 and 2020 in the PubMed, Nature, Wiley, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Of 72 articles identified, 26 articles that were case reports and case series or had irrelevant titles or keywords were excluded, and 46 articles remained for data extraction.

The most common oral problems in the elderly included xerostomia, oral pain, impaired deglutition, and mastication problems. Also, they suffered from edentulism, orofacial pains, pneumonia, and cognitive problems. Thus, they may need special dental care.

Provision of dental care must be promoted to ensure that older people have appropriate access to oral health services. Many items affect the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of the elderly. Thus, dentists, dental hygienists, caregivers, and geriatricians must focus on improving the elderly’s oral health status. Oral health promotion programs in the elderly can decrease their oral problems and improve their OHRQoL.

The present study aimed to determine the relationship between attitudes toward extramarital affairs with the feeling of inferiority, locus of control, and practice of religious beliefs in wives of addicted men.

The present study was descriptive and correlational, and its statistical population consisted of all women participating in Naranan population meetings in the 5th and 9th districts of Tehran. Among whom, we selected 120 individuals using the convenience sampling method. To collect data, we used the extramarital affair attitude questionnaire (Whatley, 2006), feeling of inferiority source (Khodadadi and Bahrami, 2012), Locus of Control Scale (Rotter, 1966), and practice of religious beliefs questionnaire (Golzari, 2000). We also used inferential statistical methods (spearmanchr('39')s correlation) to analyze data.

The results indicated that there were positive and significant relationships between attitudes towards extramarital affairs with the feeling of inferiority and also between attitudes towards extramarital affairs and locus of control in wives of addicts (P=0.05). There was not any significant relationship between attitudes towards extramarital affairs and the practice of religious beliefs (P>0.05).

Therefore, feeling of inferiority and locus of control affected attitudes toward extramarital affairs, but the present study did not find any effect of practicing religious beliefs on attitudes towards extramarital affairs.

Zinc/zinc oxide nanoparticles are used in an increasing number of medical and industrial applications due to their attractive physical, chemical and antibacterial properties. Therefore, achieving a simple and beneficial way to produce them is an important aspect. In this study, zinc/zinc oxide nanopowders were synthesized by fast electric discharges between two electrodes of (a) a spark device in distilled water medium and (b) a handmade high-voltage ignition machine in argon gas medium. The resulting powders were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and field emission electron microscopy (FESEM). Using the spark device in distilled water, a mixture of zinc crystals with an average diameter of 11.28 nm and zinc oxide crystals with an average diameter of 22.22 nm was produced. However, using the handmade device in argon, zinc crystals with an average diameter of 7.5 nm were obtained and subsequently oxidized due to their extremely high activity. The production rate of the high voltage discharge method was lower than other conventional methods. On the other hand, its ability in reducing the size and increasing the particle activity was higher than other methods.

Fenugreek and Fennel seed has galactogogues properties due to phytoestrogen structure and can increase the volume of breast milk. The aim of this study was to comparison the effect of herbals teas containing Fenugreek seed and Fennel seed on the signs of breast milk sufficiency in girl infants with 0-4 months of age. This study was a triple blind clinical trial with placebo group. 117 mothers with 0-4 month’s girl infants randomly were placed in one of the three groups: herbal tea containing Fenugreek seed powder, herbal tea containing Fennel seed powder and placebo group. Before and during 4 weeks of study, the signs of breast milk sufficiency were evaluated through measurement of weight, height and head circumference and follow-up forms for measuring the number of wet diapers in a day, Frequency of defecation and infant breastfeeding times. Before and after the intervention there was no significant difference in the signs of breast milk sufficiency between Fenugreek and Fennel groups. While before the intervention there was no significant difference in signs of breast milk sufficiency between three groups (P>0.05), but the number of breastfeeding times of placebo group was more than interventions groups (P<0.001). At the end of fourth week repeated measures analysis showed, Fenugreek and Fennel significantly improved the signs of breast milk sufficiency compared with the placebo group (P<0.001). But the height growth had no significant difference between the three groups (P=0/094). Herbals teas of Fenugreek seed and Fennel seed in comparison to placebo group improves the signs of breast milk sufficiency.

Introduction &

Adiponectin exerts anti-tumor effect through connection to its receptor. Some studies have shown that polymorphism in Adipor1 results in insulin resistance, diabetic type 2 and colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence mutant allele of adiponectin receptor 1 polymorphism rs2275738 and to examine the association of genetic variant in ADIPOR1 rs 2275738 with the risk of colorectal cancer.

This study was a case-control type. Genotyping of adiponectin receptor 1 gene was determined in series of 106 colorectal cancer patients and 106 controls by the use of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping assay (PCR-RFLP). We calculated odd ratio and confidence interval (CI) of ADIPOR1 genotypes by SPSS 16 and χ2 to examine if this polymorphism is associated with colorectal cancer.

The frequency of TT,CT,CC genotype for adiponectin receptor polymorphism rs2275738 in the patients was 27.4, 50, 22.6 percents, respectively. Frequency of TT,CT,CC genotype in the controls was 40.6,22.6,36.8, respectively. Allele frequency of T,C was 41 and 59 percents in the controls respectively and 52.4 and 47.6 in the patients. Incidence of mutant allele among the patients and the controls shows significant differences (OR=1.57 CI=1.07-2.31 P=0.01).

These findings suggest that polymorphism Adipor1 rs 2275738 is associated with increased risk of CRC.

Oral health problems of chronic renal failure patients can compromise systemic health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dental and periodontal status of patients on regular hemodialysis (HD) maintenance therapy and the effect of duration of HD on oral health. Methods & Materials: In this historical cohort study 65 HD patients and 65 healthy people were collected as case and control groups. Decayed (D), Missed (M) and Filled (F) teeth, DMFT Index, Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), and Probing depth (PD) were examined and compared between case and control groups. Also, HD patients were divided into two subgroups based on duration of hemodialysis: 1: three and less than three years and 2: more than three years). In this study all variables were examined and compared between these subgroups. T-test and chi-square and SPSS software were used for statistical analysis.

Except M and DMFT index, significant differences were found in other indices between case and control groups (P<0.05). D, M, F, DMFT values showed no significant differences between the two HD subgroups, whereas, PD, GI and PD values had significant increase in two groups based on the duration of hemodialysis.

The dental and periodontal health is poor in HD patients and periodontal status becomes worse specially during the time of dialysis.

Microarray DNA technology has paved the way for investigators to expressed thousands of genes in a short time. Analysis of this big amount of raw data includes normalization, clustering and classification. The present study surveys the application of clustering technique in microarray DNA analysis.

We analyzed data of Van’t Veer et al study dealing with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in breast cancer. It was consisted of 18 patients with BRCA1 and 2 patients with BRCA2 mutation. Gene expression data were clustered using hierarchical and non-hierarchical approach. Then different clustering approaches were compared according to the actual classification with R software.

Hierarchical clustering showed a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 100% in detecting BRCA1 gene. These figures were 89% and 100% for non-hierarchical clustering, respectively, indicating a satisfactory performance for both approaches. All clustering approaches classified sample No. 95 in BRCA2 group, however, clinical manifestations put her in BRCA1 group.

With respect to satisfactory coincidence between clustering and actual classification results, clustering approach could be applied for cases when actual classification is missing.

Background and

Treatment of refractory ulcerative colitis (ÜÇ) is a problem in the intestinal tract diseases. Different researches have shown that intravenous administration of cyclosporine before surgical operation can be effective. But less is known about the oral administration of cyclosporine given at the onset of the treatment of refractory ÜÇ. Ïn this study effectiveness and side effects of cyclosporine have been evaluated in the severe case of ÜÇ.

Four cases of ÜÇ. at severe attack, conformed on the basis of Truelove and wilk criteria were found resistant to steroids, and two patients were dependent to steroids whose disease was not controlled completely and were under our investigation. Two patients received intravenous cyclosporine 4 mg/kg daily for two days and followed by low does of (≤ 5mg/kg daily) oral administration of cyclosporine. The same low doses of oral cyclosporine were administered in four patients at the onset of treatment. Mean duration of treatment was 15.5 weeks. Response to treatment was evaluated on the basis of frequency of defecation, rectorhalgia and colonoscopic appearance. Blood level of cyclosporine in the, 9, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14 and 18 weeks was measured. Âll the patients simultaneously received corticosteroides sulfasulazin 5-ÂSÂ, and patients received Âzathioprine (6MP).

The severiarity of disease was decreased after intravenous administration of cyclosporine within 2 months, but one of all six patients was recovered after the administration of low dose of oral cyclosporine. Ôn the basis of statistical analysis there was no apparent recovery in the mean score of variants. Finally after 18 weeks three patients were colectomy, and there was no significant response in 2 patients. Ïn four patients there was side effects of sinusitis, gum hyperplasy severe reduction of libido and increase in keratinin in one patient, tremor was observed in 2 patients. Çonclusion: Ïn our limited experience,low doses of cyclosporine in controlled standard refractory ÜÇ was not effective and was followed by side effects.