mahboubeh faramarzi

Fear of childbirth may be associated with increased anxiety, cesarean section, and delayed delivery. The study aimed to screen for fear of childbirth and the factors affecting it in pregnant women from 2019 to 2020 in Babol, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 600 pregnant women with gestation age > 20 weeks referred to antenatal care clinics of Ayatollah Rouhani, Shahid Yahya Nejad Hospital, four health centers, and three private offices of obstetricians in Babol, Iran from 2019 to 2020 were surveyed using the Wijma Fear of Childbirth Questionnaire. Considering the cut-off point of 85, women with severe fear of childbirth were identified.

The fear of childbirth prevalence in pregnant women in this study was 29.2% (175/600). Fear of childbirth in women with postgraduate education was 3.27 times higher than in women with undergraduate education (P < 0.001). Pregnancy fears were 0.42 times higher in pregnant women with self-employed spouses than in employee spouses (P < 0.001). Also, women with a history of infertility were 2.73 times more likely to fear childbirth than women without a history of infertility (P = 0.01). Women with a history of psychiatric disorders were 6.86 times more afraid of childbirth than women without a history of psychiatric disorders (P = 0.02).

Due to the high prevalence of fear of childbirth in pregnant women in Babol, Iran, the need for particular psychological interventions to reduce the fear of childbirth and identify risk factors is suggested.

The aim of this research was to analyze the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral group therapy on social anxiety, social self-efficiency and rumination of female students. This was an experimental study (pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group plan). By using a simple random sampling method, out of 338 female students with the age range of 20-29 using Watson & Friend Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ), Self-efficiency Questionnaire for Social Situations (SESS) and Rumination Responses Scale (RRS) and the eligible individuals diagnostic interview(having social anxiety diagnostic cut-off score) based on DSM-IV-TR,16 subjects have been selected and randomly placed in two groups of experimental and control (8 for each group).The experimental group received 8 cognitive-behavioral group therapy sessions, but control group did not undergo any special treatment. Two months after treatment termination, follow-up has been conducted. Subjects in both groups before and after the intervention, and two-month follow-up questionnaire, SAQ, SESS, RRS completed. To analyze data, descriptive statistical methods and covariance analysis test have been applied. The covariance analysis test results showed that there was a meaningful difference between the mean scores of social anxiety, social self-efficiency and rumination of the two groups (control& experiment). Also, results showed a significant difference in a two-month follow-up (p

A comprehensive exam that can test midwifery students to evaluate their professional ability is the important. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the factors influencing the outcome of comprehensive exam on this group of students. This descriptive - analytical study was performed on 69 midwifery students who participated in three recent comprehensive exams. The students were divided into two groups: the successful and the unsuccessful, based on the mean of comprehensive exam scores. The comprehensive exam results were studied in the three factors; psychological factors, demographic and educational background. The information was collected through a researchermade questionnaire and also by filling out anxiety TAI questionnaire. The mean score of the comprehensive exam was 13±1/8 based on62/3(43) the midwifery students who were successful in this test. Between the two groups there were no significant differences in demographic characteristics. But low grade point mean and term time anxiety score showed a significant correlation with success in the comprehensive exam (p≤0/001). Correlation test showed that the family status also has a significant role in student is success in comprehensive exams(R=0/516, P≤0/05). According to this study, the educational background and psychological factors had the greatest impact on the outcome of comprehensive exam. It is best to plan for the future is program to improve the student's academic achievement and psychological counseling for anxiety, especially during the exam.

The pattern of Islamic fasting differs from other forms of fasting, therefore its effect on health also differs. This research studies the effect of Islamic fasting on gonadotropin hormones around the time of the ovulatory cycle and ovulation. This self-controlled study was performed on 24 adult females. Blood sampling was performed during Ramadan and two months later to determine the levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen and progesterone. Ultrasonography was done in order to detect ovulation and the results were compared. The mean values of FSH, LH and estrogen during the 14th day of menstruation were comparable with non-fasting values. There was no significant difference in ovulation. Islamic fasting causes neither significant variation in hormone secretion around ovulation nor does it influence the occurrence of ovulation.

This study was planned to determine the effects of the administration of pretreatment oral contraceptive pills on in vitro fertilization. A clinical randomized controlled trial was conducted in Fatemeh – Alzahra Hospital of Babol University of Medical Sciences from 2004 – 2005, on 102 women with tubal or pelvic adhesive disease as the cause of their infertility, normal ovulatory cycle, of age under 40 years, and no male factor. Pretreatment with oral contraceptive pills was administered for 51 patients, and a similar number of women did not receive any pretreatment. The flare protocol was used in all treatment cycles combined with an individualized dose of human menopausal gonadotrophin depending on previous response, age, and early follicular stage serum FSH level. Both groups were similar in the mean of women’s age, the duration of infertility, the mean of FSH and LH levels, and the distribution of various infertility etiologies. Transvaginal ultrasonograghy was performed twice in pre-treatment cycle and initial cycle on day 2 to identify complication of ovarian cysts formation. The mean number of follicles (6. 4 ± 3.7 vs 8.8± 4.6) and oocyte retrieved 5.7± 4.7 vs 6.6 ± 5.5) were similar in OCP and control groups. OCP group had significantly the mean number of administration of ampoules of hMG used per cycle (39.9 ± 19.5 vs 34.8± 14.6) and the duration of ovarian stimulation (75.8± 11.8 vs 13.5 ± 7.1) more than the control group (P < %5). The ovarian cyst formation was similar in the two groups. Fertilization rate had no significant difference between OCP and control group (%54 vs 43%). In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of clinical fertilization were women’s age with negative correlation and the number of oocytes with positive correlation. Pre- treatment of OCP cycle with oral contraceptives did not improve fertilization OCP cycle