mahdi abbasi

This study aimed to examine the role of corporate governance in fostering a culture of transparency and organizational accountability in organizations based in Tehran. This research employed a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 22 managers and experts from organizations in Tehran and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were analyzed using NVivo software and the qualitative content analysis method. The results identified three main categories: transparency in decision-making, organizational accountability, and organizational culture. Key factors enhancing transparency included access to information, internal control mechanisms, and transparency in appointments. Additionally, managerial commitment to accountability, the reward and punishment system, and external oversight emerged as significant components of organizational accountability. Furthermore, strengthening ethical values, establishing transparency-oriented structures, and embracing a feedback culture played crucial roles in the effective implementation of corporate governance fostering transparency and accountability. The findings indicate that effective implementation of corporate governance principles, improving transparency-oriented policies, and establishing both internal and external oversight mechanisms play a crucial role in enhancing organizational transparency and accountability. Strengthening managerial accountability systems, promoting ethical training, and advancing technological oversight mechanisms are among the key strategies to improve organizational culture and reduce corruption.

 Significant advances in in-office bleaching treatments have been made by introducing some types of light sources. Halogen lights, LEDs, and diode lasers are the most popular devices used for in-office bleaching. There is a risk that bleaching-activating light sources might increase temperature and have side effects on the dental pulp. This study evaluated the effect of different light-activated bleaching gels on pulp chamber temperature.

 In this experimental study, 36 bovine incisor teeth were selected for investigation. The samples were divided into three groups, including Opalescence Xtra Boost PF bleaching gel with the 405 nm LED (group one), Opalescence Xtra Boost PF bleaching gel with 810 nm diode laser (group two), and Heydent bleaching gel with 810 nm diode laser (group three). Bleaching gels with a thickness of 1 mm were applied on teeth surfaces and activated according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The temperature change was recorded every second, and the results of the graph showing the peak temperature were plotted using SPSS software. One-way ANOVA was employed to determine the effect of bleaching type on temperature rise. In case of the presence of a significant difference, post-hoc Tukey’s test was utilized for pairwise comparison of the groups.

 The temperature rise considerably depends on the light sources. Group one (LED+bleaching gel Xtra boost) had the lowest temperature rise (1.87° C±0.15), while group two (diode laser+bleaching gel Xtra boost) had the highest temperature rise (3.55° C±0.50). There was a statistically noticeable difference in temperature rise among all groups (P<0.05).

 The light activation of in-office bleaching gels with the diode laser caused higher temperature changes as compared to LED. However, the detected temperature rise was not critical for pulpal health.

In recent years, the Internet of Things is one of the most popular technologies that facilitate new interactions between people and humans to increase the quality of life. With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the fog computing model is emerging as an attractive solution for data processing of Internet of Things applications. In the fog environment, IoT applications are run by intermediate computing nodes in the fog as well as physical servers in cloud data centers. On the other hand, due to resource limitations, resource heterogeneity, dynamic nature and lack of energy, it is necessary to consider resource management and energy management issues as one of the challenging problems in fog computing. Recently, some researches have been done to create a balance between energy and cost in fog computing. In this research, while examining these approaches, an efficient method for approximating the load distribution function with two methods based on batch learning systems called XCSF and BCM-XCSF in fog processing nodes in order to optimize the previous approaches as much as possible and manage fog processing resources. These two methods differ in having a memory to store the best classifiers. Experiments indicate that these two methods, like XCS and BCM-XCS, have a suitable load distribution. These two methods, especially the BCM-XCSF method, in addition to reducing the computational overhead; It reduces the delay by about 60% and optimizes energy consumption.

Today, the use of solar water softeners to produce fresh water has become more important than before and the attention of many people and industries has been drawn to this solar system. Out of about 22 million cubic meters of fresh water produced daily, less than 1% of it is produced using solar energy. The production of fresh and pure water using common methods such as desalination and reverse osmosis is energy-intensive and these methods rely on fossil fuels, but the use of solar water desalination is not only low-cost and It is economical, but it does not need fossil fuel and conserves energy resources.In this study, the absorber of a single-slope solar desalination plant was numerically evaluated in eleven different geometries with the same conditions. The purpose of this research is to find the best way to design the absorber plate in solar water desalination. The result showed that the best mode for making a simple solar water softener is mode (C), in this mode, the temperature of the absorber reaches 349 K due to the intensity of solar radiation of 750 watts per square meter, and the amount of distilled water compared to other There are more states, and then geometry (b) has the best performance.

Health insurance organizations play an important role in increasing people’s access to health services and protecting them financially against catastrophic health costs. Iran Health Insurance Organization (IHIO) is one of the largest public health insurance organizations in Iran, which faces many challenges. The purpose of this research is the strategic analysis of health financing performance of IHIO.

This qualitative research was conducted using interpretive phenomenology method through using semi-structured interviews with 25 managers and employees of IHIO. In addition, relevant documents and archival data of IHIO were collected and analyzed. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. 

Overall, 19 strengths, 24 weaknesses, 14 opportunities, 37 threats and 43 solutions were identified for the health financing system of IHIO. Increasing the coverage of health services, correcting the information databases of the insured and electronic prescribing were the most important strengths, and inappropriate pooling of financial resources, incomplete risk pooling, high administrative costs, and inefficient control were the most important weaknesses of IHIO. The most important opportunities for IHIO include the government’s support for universal health coverage and emphasis on primary health care, legal support for consolidating health insurance funds and improving the health technology assessment system in the country. The main threats to IHIO include political and economic unstability, low health insurance premiums, decisions without scientific support and insufficient enforcement of laws. Finally, solutions such as modernizing the tax system, increasing the health literacy of the community, reducing bureaucracy, increasing transparency and accountability, and reforming the monitoring and evaluation system were identified to strengthen the performance of the financing system of IHIO.

Iran’s health insurance organization is facing numerous structural, contexual and process challenges that have reduced its productivity. Decrease in revenues, increase in costs and decrease in efficiency have caused problems in the financing performance of this organization. Recognizing the weaknesses and challenges of financing performance and applying corrective interventions is the first step in strengthening the sustainability of health financing of IHIO.

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and collecting the conceptual components of narcissism based on Islamic sources. Narcissism in psychology has a significant overlap with the concept of "greatness" and "wonder" in Islamic sources, for this reason, at first, concepts and words related to narcissism were identified by documentary method and a collection of verses and narrations were extracted and then analyzed by content analysis method. became. The results of the qualitative analysis of religious texts in the component analysis stage reported 11 conceptual elements. These 11 components were: 1) Self-exaltation 2) Self-popularity 3) Sense of indebtedness 4) Righteousness of one's wrong behavior 5) Refusal to accept the right 6) Self-entitlement 7) Contempt of others 8) Envying others 9) Jealousy 10) Selfishness 11) Feeling inferior. Then, the mentioned components were evaluated from the point of view of 12 experts based on content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). After surveying the opinion of experts, 8 components of 1) self-conceit 2) sense of indebtedness 3) justification of one's wrong behavior 4) refusal to accept the right 5) self-entitlement 6) humiliation of others 7) self-righteousness 8) feeling of inferiority were confirmed. Therefore, based on Islamic sources, narcissism can be used as a construct in Islamic psychology.

The disagreement regarding the audience of the Quran among Islamic scholars has led to various interpretations. Among them, Sharaf al-Dīn Istarābādī has a distinctive viewpoint, asserting that the interpretation of ambiguous verses is exclusively meant for the impeccable Imams (AS). Since he considers interpretation to encompass both the apparent and the inner meanings, his opinion is that the audience of the ambiguous (Mutashābih) verses—both in terms of their apparent meaning and inner meaning—are the impeccable Imams. Given the existing differences, this article aims to appropriately judge between these viewpoints by examining the meaning of "Rāsikhūn" based on the "Bun" methodology. The question arises: Is Sharaf al-Dīn's intended meaning validated or not? The investigation has shown that the meaning of "Rāsikhūn" in this verse refers to a special and distinct group of people who possess knowledge of the interpretation of verses, yet the identity of this group remains unclear, as the text does not have the ability to specify its identity. Accordingly, based on the extra-textual context and the perspective of Sharaf al-Dīn, it can generally be established that "Rāsikhūn" are a special and distinct group, specifically the impeccable Imams (AS).

When the economy encounters sudden foreign shocks, the current account is regarded as an important political priority. This paper has studied the effect of share price shocks on the current account in the member states of ECO from 2008-2012. It has tried to answer how the share price shocks affect fluctuations of the current account in the member states of ECO by using scientific methods. By using the Value at Risk (VaR) approach, the results obtained for the current account fluctuations variable revealed that share price, the ratio of the current account balance to GDP, and the nominal interest rate have the greatest effects on this variable. Furthermore, the least explanatory power in the current account fluctuations pertains to GDP and consumer price variables.

The second half of the 20th century can be seen as the beginning of a broad and systematic attention to the relationship between cognition, knowledge and science in the field of scientific policies. In the meantime, thinkers such as "Foucault", "Derrida" and "Lyotar" by emphasizing the era of postmodernism, announced the passing of the explanations of the modernism period. The logic of modern rationality was to analyze and simplify everything. By discarding the general perceptions of the existence, the society was considered as parts that not only had no connection with the "wholeness", but were also separated from the existence and history. On the other hand, due to the phenomenon of information explosion, today we are faced with an increasing and huge amount of data. This situation has made it difficult to establish a connection between the components of information and the received data, and secondly, people with a wide range of useful information, meet theoretically and developmentally; While in practice and facing real phenomena and situations, they cannot use them. In this situation, a solution called "interdisciplinary approach" should be resorted to in order to create a balanced situation between the fields of knowledge. The result of this conventional situation can be called "unity of knowledge". Interdisciplinarity in a general sense includes the cooperation and companionship of different disciplinary perspectives in order to reach common points of understanding of phenomena and also to provide the possibility of benefiting from perspectives other than the common perspective of a discipline to look at phenomena. Childhood studies is often described as an interdisciplinary approach. This approach emerged and expanded as an interdisciplinary research field since 1990. As stated, one of the basic requirements in interdisciplinary approaches is to reach the points of common understanding of the phenomena and in other words to "align" and find a common language about the subject in question. It is not wrong to say that one of the most important examples to reach consensus is to have a single or close definition of the topic under study. As Aristotle believed that "we should start the conversation from the definition". In examining the existing works and studies in the field of "childhood studies", as an interdisciplinary view of a subject that seems to be neglected and perhaps considered unimportant, this is the question of "who is a child?". In fact, the definition of a child as a missing link is one that studies in this field have not paid attention to. This lack, in addition to the disadvantages described earlier, causes a problem in the field of practice where the policy makers of this field, especially the cultural policy makers of the childhood field, when formulating cultural policies for children and setting cultural policies and plans in this field, it is necessary to define a single And at the same time, it should be comprehensive and prevent the subject under discussion, i.e. the child, and in the absence of such a definition, the scope of policy making in this area is very limited. The side will be incomplete and useless. Thus, the first step in cultural policymaking in this field is to have a definition of a child. Therefore, as a necessary introduction to other researches in this field, this research sees its mission as responding to this need by using data taken from the specialized sources of each of the peripheral fields of this field-childhood studies-which specifically approaches: lexicology, law, sociology, religion. Islam), including psychology, first examine what definition each of these mentioned approaches has provided about children and childhood? and, secondly, what are the scopes and characteristics of each of these definitions for children? And finally, is it possible to reach a common definition among these approaches, or at least provide a kind of classification and genealogy of the existing definitions. which will be useful for researchers, policy makers and decision makers in this field.

To answer the questions of this research, the library and document method has been used because specialized texts are the only source of answers for the questions of this research.

By adopting an analytical-critical view, it is possible to identify the elements and components in each of the areas, in "lexicology"; We witnessed "predominance of the biological approach", "link with traditional discourses" and "being influenced by the cultural context", in the field of "legal" definition; "Tension between quantitative and qualitative approaches", "impact of human rights discourses" and "challenges of operationalizing standards" were deduced. In the field of "national and international documents" we witnessed the "impact of global policies and discourses" on how to understand and define children, in the field of "religious"; "Emphasis on qualitative criteria", "Link with value system" and "Challenge of different interpretations" were observed, in the field of "Sociology" we saw "Criticism of deterministic approaches", "Attention to the agency of the child" and "The child is a product of society". and finally in the field of "psychology"; "Evolutionary approach" and "age-oriented" were central in the definition of the child. It seems that the only theoretical approach available in the field of sociology of childhood that can explain this level of variety of views and perspectives in the understanding of children is the theory of social constructionism. According to this theory, childhood is a fundamentally historical and cultural concept. In this theory, not a specific definition of a child but various definitions of a child can be understood based on different cultural and social discourses. In fact, this theory emphasizes that childhood is a social phenomenon and not a natural stage of development. Therefore, the cultural environment in which a child grows up has a profound effect on his learning and cognitive development process, hence, as mentioned, it is the social-historical background that determines and defines the child's dimensions and coordinates. In fact, affairs in this theory are contextual and belong to time and place, and the universal issue is ruled out. In the situation of the diversity of different perspectives that have affected the definition of the child, it is naturally ambitious and unscientific to expect a single definition from a scientific article that has the necessary comprehensiveness and limitations. But the authors of this article believe that a conceptual framework can be presented for this purpose. By analyzing and reviewing the findings, it seems possible to propose a unified framework for understanding and defining childhood in Iran. This model is based on 3 guiding principles, which are: a. Accepting the complexity and multidimensionality of childhood b. Simultaneous attention to biological and cultural factors and c. Flexibility in definition and application. Also, in this framework, the four key dimensions that were extracted from the findings of this research should be taken into consideration. These dimensions are: 1- the biological-developmental dimension of the child, 2- the psychological-cognitive dimension of the child, 3- the social-cultural dimension of the child, and finally, 4- the legal-political dimension related to the child.

Political psychology and political behaviorism are approaches based on which a better understanding of the effects of political leaders in the occurrence and victory of social changes can be achieved. The aim of the current research is to try to answer this question, how was the personality and political behavior of Imam Khomeini effective in attracting people to realize the revolution and the ideal society? The hypothesis that is raised following the mentioned question is that Imam Khomeini's personality and political behavior, which is a result of his special type of upbringing and political-Islamic ethics, is followed as a model of behavior by different people and as a result, it has led to their mobilization and participation in revolutionary and post-revolutionary political-social developments. In order to better explain the issue, Carl Rogers' humanistic psychology has been chosen as the theoretical framework of the current research in order to better understand the prominent components and characteristics of Imam Khomeini's personality and character. Then his spiritual influence on the people and setting the stage for cooperation during the revolution and its continuation will be carefully examined. In this research, content analysis and document-library methods have been used to collect data and analyze them to answer the research questions.

The present research was conducted in order to discover the factors and spiritual interventions that prevent the progress of couples in the stages of divorce, based on Islamic sources. The method of this research consisted of a qualitative method that was implemented in three stages. Linguistic semantics method was used in order to discover spiritual factors and interventions, and to obtain spiritual factors and interventions from Islamic sources, content analysis method and rules of fiqh principles were used. The findings of the research showed that there are three models of "Humility-Kindness", "Gratitude-Patience" and "Foresight-Hope" centered on faith and connection with God in six stages of "weakness of functions", "emergence of confusion", "confusion", "Dissociation", "divorce-return" and "separation-return" are effective preventive spiritual factors and interventions. In the initial stages, the first model was mostly used, and in the future, due to the evolution of divorce and the difficulty of communication between couples, the second and third models play a more proactive role.

The communicable disease surveillance system includes the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data related to communicable diseases to be used in planning, implementing, and evaluating public health policies and practices. Iran's communicable disease surveillance system (ICDSS) is facing numerous challenges. This research aimed to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of ICDSS and provide solutions to strengthen it.

The research was conducted using a scoping review method. Articles and documents on ICDSS published between 2000 and 2022 were searched using appropriate keywords in the electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, SID, Google, and Google Scholar search engines. Finally, 41 studies were selected and analyzed using MAXQDA software and the framework analysis method.

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and enhancement strategies to ICDSS were identified and grouped into five themes of the priority diseases targeted for surveillance, the structure of the surveillance system, core functions of the surveillance system, support functions of the surveillance system, and quality of the surveillance system. The most important strengths of ICDSS were the eradication of some infectious diseases, rapid implementation in critical situations, and high efficiency. The low motivation of employees, inefficiency of the reporting system in hospitals, and weak inter-departmental cooperation in prioritizing diseases were among the weaknesses. Using advanced diagnostic equipment and the increase of public awareness about infectious diseases are the main opportunities and population dispersion; the epidemy of infectious diseases in neighboring countries and the presence of immigrants in the country were the main threats to ICDSS. Solutions such as strengthening the infectious disease management center, integrating the CDSS into the family medicine program, integrating different parts of the surveillance system, regularly publishing the results, and creating an effective two-way feedback system were suggested for strengthening ICDSS.

Structures, processes, and core functions of ICDSS should be strengthened. Strategic analysis of ICDSS provides evidence to health policymakers to implement corrective interventions.

The multiplicity, diversity and universality of the endowment in all parts of Iran, along with the significant revenues, costs, functions and the effects, turned the endowment institution into one of the most important and influential institutions in Iran. During the reza shah era, this important institution had some problems in different regions of Iran, which forced the government to solve them. In responsing to this challenges, Reza Shah tried to revise the endowment laws, which finally led to the approval of the endowment law of 1313. One of the important goals of this research was the case study and analysis of the endowment challenges in one of Iran's regions. So that we can get a general picture of the issues and problems of the endowment by Inductive method in Iran during the first Pahlavi era. Therefore, this research tried to answer this question by historical research, descriptive-analytical model: What challenges has the Iranian endowment of the reza shah era been faced in the central areas of Mazandaran before the approval of the endowment law of 1313? The results of this research indicate that the most important challenges was: the destruction of endowment buildings, non-compliance of endowment trustees with the Ministry of Education and Endowment, treachery and inefficiency of trustees in managing endowments, including the greed of endowment properties, abuse of endowments and sale or appropriation of endowment properties, , the number of endowments without use and unprofitable.

In this article, a T-shaped microchannel with mixing periods ranging from 1 to 25 units and variations in the geometry of each mixing period in a two-dimensional and steady state has been numerically evaluated using the COMSOL software. An MQ parameter has been used to determine the quality of mixing at the channel outlet as well as the pressure drop. Additionally, the influence of the number of mixing periods and obstacles present in the mixing unit on the mixing quality has been investigated. Initially, six geometric models were designed for one mixing period, and after obtaining the numerical results, the best geometry was selected for fur ther calculations and work. The numerical results obtained for geometry "c" indicate that using 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mixing units in the channel results in mixing qualities of 30%, 46%, 73%, 85%, 92%, and 98% respectively for blood fluid, which can be considered suitable for use in chemical systems.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the sexual fidelity intervention of spouses in increasing marital satisfaction and commitment based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior. For this purpose, a single-subject experimental design with multiple baselines and a sample including three couples was used. The findings showed that all three couples showed an increasing and improving trend in the scale of marital satisfaction (71%) and in the scale of marital commitment (61.5) after starting the intervention. The percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) of 100% for the second couple (male and female) in the marital satisfaction scale showed the high effectiveness of the intervention in this variable, and this index was 80% for the first and third couple, which shows the relative validity of the intervention. has it. Also, (100% of non-overlapping data (PND) in the scale of marital commitment for the woman in the third couple shows the high effectiveness of the intervention in this variable, and this indicator was 80% for the first couple, the second couple and the man in the third couple, which shows the validity The intervention has a relative effect on this variable. These findings show that sexual fidelity intervention based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior is effective in increasing marital satisfaction and commitment.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of confrontational intervention based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior in the inner comfort of young people waiting for marriage.For this purpose, to investigate the effectiveness of confrontational intervention based on the Islamic pattern of regulating sexual behavior in reducing negative emotion and increasing life satisfaction and positive emotion, a single-subject experimental design with multiple baselines and a three-person sample was used. In the single-subject experimental design, the findings showed that all three authorities showed an increasing and improving trend in the life satisfaction scale(99%)and in the positive affect scale(54%)and in the negative affect(34%)after the intervention.The percentage of non-overlapping data(PND)for the first and second clients in the life satisfaction scale is 83%, and the percentage of non-overlapping data(PND)for the second clients is 83% in both positive and negative emotions, and 100% for the third clients in negative emotions. And in positive affect, the rate of 83% related to the visual analysis in those two scales showed that the coping intervention based on the Islamic pattern of regulating sexual behavior in reducing negative affect and increasing satisfaction with life and positive affect has relative efficiency and effectiveness. Most of the changes occurred in the one-month and three-month follow-up period. The result of this research shows that confrontational intervention based on the Islamic model of regulating sexual behavior is a treatment method that has an effect on increasing life satisfaction and positive emotions and reducing negative emotions.

Spiritual factors and religion have fundamental role in people’s psychological and physical health. Seeking help from God, called “esteanat” in Islamic sources, is one these factors that have been studied constantly. This research aims to introduce a conceptual model of styles of seeking help from God based on Islamic sources (Quran and hadith). Using qualitative component analysis, conceptual components of seeking help from God were extracted from Islamic texts. In doing so, Islamic sources related to the subject of study in Quranic verses and Ahadith were selected using categories of the book “Nahj-ol-Doaa”. To determine the conceptual component we used categorizing the codes and centralization of concepts. The extracted components, along with their documents, were presented to experts in religious studies and psychology; in this way the content validity was approved. The results showed that, based on Islamic texts, the styles of seeking help from God are mainly of five main ways: ritualistic, bodily expressions, situational, coping, and compensational. The sum of these characteristics show the styles of seeking help from God.

This research was conducted with the aim of examining the conceptual components of regulating the emotion of sadness and happiness based on Islamic sources. In this study, in order to develop the conceptual model of regulating emotion, from descriptive-explanatory sentences of Islamic texts (Quran and Hadith) content analysis methods were used and also to explain the conceptual structure of happiness and sadness emotion regulation, linguistic semantics method was used. For this purpose, descriptive-explanatory sentences related to the subject in Islamic texts were searched and selected by the words and concepts collected in the semantic field of happiness and sadness.In order to determine the conceptual components, categorization and conceptualization operations were performed on the main themes of the selected texts.The findings of the research showed that several factors can lead to the increase or decrease of the two emotions of happiness and sadness and cause it to be regulated that is based on the division of happiness and sadness into constructive and positive as well as morbid and negative, these factors are divided into four categories of conceptual components: "increasing constructive happiness" with seven sub-components, "increasing constructive sadness" with three sub-components, "reducing morbid happiness" was divided into three sub-components and "reducing morbid sadness" was divided into twelve sub-components.

Viral hepatitis accounts for about 1.4 million deaths in the world every year. Surveillance systems and effective interventions play important roles in the management of these diseases. This study aimed to review the programs and measures done in Iran to eliminate viral hepatitis B and C.

Using qualitative content analysis, the programs for hepatitis B and C care system in Iran were reviewed. Fifteen semi-structured expert interviews were conducted, and 31 documents were reviewed. The activities, plans and programs associated with the viral hepatitis surveillance system were extracted based on the interview results and the documents.

The activities of the hepatitis surveillance system in Iran were categorized into six categories, including the viral hepatitis surveillance system goals, target groups, current structure of hepatitis B and C surveillance system, upstream policies and documents, current programs, and infrastructures. The most prominent interventions were the following: hepatitis B vaccination in target groups, screening, hepatitis surveys, needle and syringe distribution, safe injection, safe blood transfusion, and hepatitis treatments.

This study showed that the main weakness of the hepatitis surveillance system is detecting active disease cases, which can be improved by integrating the hepatitis program into the network system and active participation of private and public sectors as well as non-governmental organizations. Vaccination campaigns and treatment of hepatitis B and C can also help in eliminating hepatitis C and controlling hepatitis B by 2030.

Quantum computers have much more computing power than classical computers and this has created a challenge in the field of public-key cryptography algorithms, which is predicted quantum computers will reach the computational power to break existing public-key cryptography algorithms by 2030. To solve this problem, NIST published a call for post-quantum cryptography algorithms. Implementing these algorithms faces challenges such as execution time and resources. One of the algorithms that made it to the third round is the CRYSTALS-KYBER algorithm. In this algorithm, by optimizing the NTT module, the execution time is reduced. Usually, the implementation of NTT is created with radix-2, but in the proposed method, radix-4 is used, and this reduces the execution time. Changes to NTT are required to implement radix-4 NTT. DIT is used to implement NTT and DIF is used to implement INTT. In NTT and INTT formulas changes are made to the twiddle factors and the values of the twiddle factors stored to the ROM. In the following, we compared radix-4 butterfly unit with radix-2 butterfly unit. By reusing results in CT and GS butterfly units, we need four multiplications, additions, and subtractions, and the structure of radix-4 butterfly unit is mentioned. The memory unit uses eight RAMs to increase read and write speeds, four of which are for writing and the remaining four are for reading. It is also necessary to make corrections to the NTT parameters which are suitable for implementation on Kyber. Next, we implemented the proposed method on two FPGA Artix-7 and Virtex-7 using Vivado software. In the implementation on Artix-7 and Virtex-7 in exchange for a slight increase in the resources, the execution time in Artix-7 is reduced by 28.74% and 12.34% compared to similar implementations.

Health financing system is the process of collecting, pooling and managing financial resources to purchase healthcare services and promote, restore or maintain people health. An increase in health expenditure and the governments’ inability to commit sufficient resources introduces challenges to the sustainability of health system financing. This study was conducted to identify sustainable health financing methods in developed countries.

This study was a scoping review research. All studies related to the sustainable health financing solutions in developed countries were searched using appropriate keywords in “PubMed”, “Scopus”, “Science Direct”, “Web of Science”, “Magiran”, “SID” and “Iranmedex” databases and two search engines “Google” and “Google scholar”. Finally, 38 studies were selected and analyzed using the framework analysis method and MAXQDA software.

Overall, 30 solutions were identified for sustainable financing of the health system of developed countries and categorized into three sections: collecting financial resources, pooling and managing financial resources, and purchasing healthcare services. Strategic purchasing, reducing induced demand, using prospective payment methods, consolidating multiple insurance funds, using an efficient patient referral system, using clinical guidelines, public-private partnerships, value based health services package and introducing new innovative health insurance schemes were the most frequent solutions for sustainable health system financing in developed countries.

Innovative solutions are used to strengthen the sustainability of the health financing system in developed countries. Iran’s policymakers can sustain the country’s health system financing by adopting and adapting these solutions.

Health system financing is the process of collecting, pooling, and allocating financial resources to maintain, restore or promote the health of the people. Developing countries face many challenges in mobilizing, managing and allocating health financial resources. The aim of this study was to identify sustainable financing methods in developing countries.

This study was conducted using the scoping review. All the studies related to health system financing methods in developing countries were searched in the English electronic databases (i.e., Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of science), Persian electronic databases (i.e., Magiran, Iranmedex, and SID) and Google Scholar and Google search engines using appropriate keywords. Finally, 94 suitable documents were selected and analyzed using the framework analysis method and MAXQDA software.

Forty-two methods were identified to strengthen the sustainability and resilience of the health financing system in developing countries; these methods were grouped into three categories: collection and management of financial resources, pooling of financial resources and purchasing of health services. The most frequently used solutions to strengthen the sustainability of the health financing system in developing countries were as follows: expanding social health insurance plans, integrating multiple health insurance plans, strengthening public-private partnerships, establishing a robust referral system, imposing taxes on harmful commodities, using perspective fixed payment methods, defining needs-based health service packages, promoting donors’ contributions, and reforming health service tariffs.

The health financing system in developing countries should be strengthened. The financial reforms of the health system should be accompanied by reforms in providing health services to make possible efficient and effective results. Health policymakers and senior managers should strengthen the governance of the health financing system at the macro level. In addition, healthcare managers should increase the efficiency and reduce resource wastage by strengthening budget capacity and financial management at the micro level.

The capital level of insurance companies to meet shareholders' and the regulator's expectations is very important. This study was to estimate the VaR (Value at Risk) of insurance companies on the TSE (Tehran Stock Exchange) with RBC (Risk-Based-Capital) and EC (Economic Capital) approaches, nine insurance companies in TSE during 2011-2019 were selected. Historical simulation and MCS (Monte Carlo Simulation) methods were used to calculate VaR. In historical simulation, the probability of an insurance company's loss of more than 2.02\% of the asset value is 1\%. Meanwhile, the VaR obtained from MCS, at the confidence level of 99\%, VaR is 3.28\%. In CBA (Cost-Benefit-Analysis), the amount of capital desired by the shareholders is 1.25-1.3 of the existing capital. In SMR (Solvency Margin Ratio) the amount of capital desired by the regulator is 1.3 -1.4 of the existing capital. Finally, the target capital is 1.25-1.4 of the existing capital.

The present research aimed to study the effectiveness of an educational intervention to regulate sexual behavior, with an Islamic approach, on reducing anxiety and increasing the mental health of adolescent boys. In doing so, the single-subject experimental design with multiple baselines and a sample of three individuals was applied. The findings revealed that all three subjects, as intervention begins, showed reducing scores on the anxiety scale and increasing scores on the mental health scale. The amount of non-overlapping data for the third subject and the amount of non-overlapping data for the first and second subjects on Cattle's anxiety scale showed that the educational intervention to regulate sexual behavior with an Islamic approach was effective in reducing anxiety and increasing mental health of these adolescent boys. A significant part of the changes that occurred in the one- and three-month follow-up periods was persistent. The result showed that the educational intervention to regulate sexual behavior with an Islamic approach is an effective method to reduce anxiety and increase mental health adolescents.

Occupational injuries are an important human resource management challenge with negative effects on employees and organizations. A knowledge of the prevalence of occupational injuries is the first step in eliminating or reducing them. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of occupational injuries among financial employees of hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

This was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted in 2019 in 13 hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences using a valid questionnaire to gather data. A total of 162 questionnaires were randomly distributed among the financial staff of the hospitals, but only 147 subjects completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software.

Analysis of the data showed that 52.6% and 50.2% of the financial staff of the hospitals were suffering from physical and mental occupational injuries, respectively. Most of the occupational physical injuries were related to headache, neck pain, back pain and visual impairment, and most of the occupational psychiatric injuries were stress and anxiety. Female and single employees experienced significantly more occupational injuries. Working in a sitting position for a long time, lack of proper equipment operation, lack of safety and health facilities, insufficient training and carelessness of staff were the causes of musculoskeletal injuries.

About half of the hospital financial staff were found to suffer from occupational injuries. Occupational injuries had had direct and indirect costs for the employees and the hospitals. Hospital managers should plan and implement measures to eliminate or reduce occupational injuries at an individual, group, and organizational level.