mahdi setayeshmanesh

National power is one of the greatest intellectual concerns of politicians in political and international relations. If a country has a high national power, it can fulfill its wishes without any obstacles. there are some powers that are not only in the world and the planet, but have such power, but also reach beyond the borders of the planet, and some are so weak that they are not able to satisfy their basic needs and desires. countries and the government should communicate with each other and have different behaviors with the aim of meeting needs and exercising will. National power has different origins and foundations that produce national power in a collective function. the main factors shaping the national power of countries are in various economic, political, military, social, scientific, etc. field. the purpose of this research is to identify the most important components of national power the methodology is descriptive-analytical. Data are gathered by documentary and library methods research findings suggest that sources of national power include (7) factors (geography-military-economic-cultural and social-spatial-scientific-political).

Tourism is not only one of the most dynamic sectors of the economy but also plays a critical role in strengthening gross domestic product, employment and income distribution. Tourism helps establish world peace and contributes to mutual understanding among nations. Governments have striven to achieve this human ideal and directed many efforts at materializing world peace and security while making policies to develop tourism as the most dynamic economic, political, ad cultural activity of the present age, which leverages its soft and fluid power to help establish peace and security and link nations together. This research investigates the political effects of tourism. The methodology is descriptive-analytical. Data are gathered by documentary and library methods. Research findings suggest that tourism strengthens peace and security, increases national pride, national coherence and public diplomacy, establishes political stability among nations and provides a positive image of the host nation.

Nowadays,villagers' participation in the rural affairs or in the other word, for developing the village areas is very important.These participations are one of the most part of the rural development.The main aim of this research is to evaulte the participation rate of the rural inhabitants and its relationship with the level of development of the areas. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical.The Panjali village in the Garveh city has been selected as the statistical population of this study. with the Cochran's formulas,258 families as the samples size have been selected.The Cronbach's Alpha coefficients has been used for the justifiability of the questionnaires,The alpha coefficients for this research shows 0.79. Statistical analysis of this research have been performed with using SPSS software and one-sample T-Test and Pearson correlation coefficient test. In the next step, the Route Analysis model has been applied for the investigating the effect of the components on the participation level.The results show that social factor with 0.855 overall effect, is on the first rank, economic factor with 0.555 is on the second rank and environmental factor with 0.449 is in the last ranking of this research.The one sample run test has been used for measurement of the participation rate of the villagers.In regarding to this testing, environmental factor with 3.30 average and T Statistics 6.026 is in the first rank.The social factor with average of 3.15 and T Statistics 4.416 is in the second ranking while the economical factor with average of 2.90 and T Statistics -2.251 is in the third ranking.In the end, the Pearson correlation coefficient has been used to measure the relationship of participation and the level of development.In to according to that test, with the obtained coefficient of 0.998, it has been found that these two categories have a direct and significant relationship.

In recent years, village development authorities have turned to entrepreneurial capacities, which can help remove major challenges such as unemployment, low income, economic non-diversity, etc. in rural areas. The present research uses a descriptive-analytical method. It collects data from library sources and field surveys (questionnaires). The statistical population of this research consists of 9 villages of the rural district of Panjeh Ali. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics (one-sample t-test, Friedman test, Pearson correlation and Path analysis) were used. Research findings revealed that the villages under study have the highest capacities for entrepreneurial development in the individual dimension (mean rate of 3.25% and T statistics of 6.868, but no such a good situation was found for the rest of the areas. Friedman test results indicated the highest mean of entrepreneurial development related to the individual indicator (4.40%), while the lowest mean related to the infrastructure indicator (2.21%). Results of correlation between variables indicated a direct relationship between level of education and entrepreneurial development, as the said components decreased with the increase of the age. To examine the extent to which capacity dimensions affect entrepreneurial development, path analysis was used. Analysis findings indicated that the economic dimension had the highest effects (0.598) and the infrastructure dimension had the lowest effects (0.298).

National power is a set of potential and actual capabilities of a country that is used to achieve national interests. Increasing national power is one of the most important goals of countries and efforts are always made to achieve it. National power plays an important role in the geopolitical weight of countries, which determines their position in the international system. Tourism can strengthen national power by strengthening the soft aspects of national power. This is why countries focus on tourism to achieve this goal. Iran is considered one of the ten largest countries in the world in terms of various historical, religious and natural tourist attractions, and it can use this opportunity to strengthen its national power. The present study aims to explain the importance and impact of tourism on national power components in Iran.

National power has various origins and foundations that produce national power in a collective function. Economic, political, military, social, geographical and scientific factors are some of the main factors shaping the national power of countries. The impact of tourism on the economy is one of the direct and indirect methods of per capita income, as well as government revenues and increasing employment opportunities. Tourism also contributes to a fair distribution of income and directs money from the rich and middle classes to the poor, and can have a significant impact on improving the economies of less developed countries. Politically, tourism often helps increase political stability. With the increase in social interactions resulting from tourism, peace and understanding among nations will increase and in fact tourism is a tool of public diplomacy. Tourism can provide a positive and unmediated mental image of countries. Another effect of tourism is increasing security in the community. Socially and culturally, tourism helps to strengthen local values, traditions and culture, and also renews some customs and traditions. Tourism helps to raise public awareness and learn more about other cultures. Tourism protects historical monuments and buildings.

A descriptive-analytical and survey research method was used in this study. The study subjects consists of 40 elites and academic specialists. Field research methods (5 pint likert scales questionnaire) were used for data collection purposes. The reliability of questionnaire with score of 0.7 confirmed. The collected data were analysed using SPSS software and GLM repeated measures analysis of variance test and one- sample t-test.

Regarding the impact of tourism on national power dimensions, the one-sample T-test with an average value (3) indicated the mean values of 4, 3.85, and 3.91 for the economic, socio-cultural and political dimensions respectively. It was statistically significant at the alpha level of 0.05, indicating the impact of tourism on the national power of Iran. Regarding the impact of tourism on national power factors, the one-sample t-test showed that all factors of three economic, socio-cultural and political dimensions had mean values higher than average, and it was statistically significant at the alpha level of 0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that tourism can strengthen the national power of Iran in all three economic, socio-cultural and political dimensions.

Today, the importance of tourism has attracted the attention of governments and nations, and countries are trying to develop tourism by adapting their national structures to these activities, not only to introduce their culture, country, land, nation, history and national identity to the world, but also they have good economic interests and a special place in the international trade of the tourism industry. Given the numerous and diverse capabilities and opportunities in the field of tourism that Iran has, the present study has explained the importance and the role of tourism in strengthening the national power of the country. The results of this study show that the development of tourism is effective in strengthening the national power of the country in macroeconomic, political and socio-cultural dimensions. Among these dimensions, tourism has the greatest impact on the economic dimension by strengthening the components of "increasing national income" and "strengthening the private sector." The overall results showed that tourism development both strengthens and develops the country's economic by increasing income, production, job creation, strengthening the private sector, trade development, increasing justice, strengthening domestic and foreign policy, increasing welfare, education, increasing national cohesion and solidarity and simultaneous cultural exchanges at the national and international levels, as well as it strengthens the country's domestic and foreign policies, and ultimately, strengthens the national power, the country's geopolitical position at the regional and global levels. Along with the above results, the following suggestions are provided: To increase the awareness of legislators, policymakers and planners of the country with the position of tourism in strengthening national power; To develop an integrated policy and planning system between policy makers and tourism planning agencies; To create expert interactions between the foreign policy apparatus and policy makers and executives of the country's tourism industry; To familiarize diplomats and experts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with the capabilities and potentials of tourism; To expand relations with international tourism-related organizations such as the United Nations World Tourism Organization, the World Travel and Tourism Council, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.